Maluwa okongola, ma herbaceous ndi shrubby a genus Afelander ndi am'madera otentha a South America. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, kuchokera pakati pa 40 mpaka 190 mitundu ndi mitundu ya zinthu zomwe zilipo, koma gawo lochepa chabe lazinthu zachilengedwe limalimidwa ngati mbewu zokongoletsera.
Ngakhale kukopa kwa inflorescence yayikulu yowala, masamba okongoletsera ndi kukula mwachangu, maiko akumayiko akunja ndizosowa kwambiri pakuphatikiza kwa okonda zamaluwa zamkati. Kodi Afelandra ikhoza kusungidwa kunyumba? Kodi chimaletsa wamaluwa ndi chiyani?
Pali zifukwa zingapo zoyenera kusamala ndi chomera chokongola.
- Popeza zachilengedwe zakumtunda zitha kukhala ndi kutalika kwa ma 1.5-2 metres, ndiye kuti zamkati mwa zaka zingapo, zikagulidwa mozungulira, fanizoli limasandulika kukhala chitsamba chopindika ndi mphukira zopanda kanthu. Ndiye kuti, zokongoletsera zakale zimatayika, ndipo chomera chimafuna malo ochulukirapo kuposa kale.
- Wobadwa kumalo otentha ndi osavomerezeka, amafunika kupanga malo omwe akukula mosamalitsa. Chifukwa chake, chisamaliro kunyumba kwathu ku Afelandra chitha kuchitidwa ndi alimi odziwa ntchito komanso ochenjera kwambiri.
- Anthu ambiri okonda zakudya m'nyumba amakhala ndi mantha kuti mbewu zotentha zitha kukhala zoopsa kwa anthu ndi nyama. Ponena za Afelandra, mantha amenewa alibe chifukwa.
Madokotala ndi ma botanists alibe zambiri pazomwe zili ndi zoopsa zilizonse zamtundu kapena zamtundu wazomera zamtunduwu.
Ndi mitundu iti yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwera kunyumba?
Indoor Afelander: mitundu ndi mawonekedwe
Orange Afelandra (Aphelandra aurantiaca) imapezeka ku Mexico ndi madera ena a Central America.
Monga mitundu ina, ichi ndi chitsamba chosatha chokhala ndi tsinde lofiirira, choboweka m'mimba chimatalika mpaka 25cm komanso kutalika kwa inflorescence mu mawonekedwe ofanana ndi apulo. A Afelander adayamika chifukwa chamaluwa amoto-lalanje, omwe, mwatsoka, amasangalatsa wopatsa mphamvu patangotha sabata limodzi.
Aphelandra squarrosa (Aphelandra squarrosa) imakulanso ku South America. Mawonekedwe a korona, masamba ndi inflorescence, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mitundu yam'mbuyomu, koma ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa mwa kusiyanitsa pateni pa mitsempha yomwe ili pambale ya masamba ndi mtundu wachikaso cha maluwa.
Apelandra crested (Aphelandra tetragona) imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira obiriwira a masamba ndi maluwa akulu ofiira omwe amakhala pamsika wa inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a zitunda zachilendo.
Coral kapena Panama Afelandra (Aphelandra sinclairiana) amakulira ku Honduras, Nicaragua, m'malo okhala mitengo ku Panama ndi Costa Rica. Mwachilengedwe, shrub imakhala kutalika kwa mamita atatu, ndipo imasiyana ndi mitundu yomwe yalongosoledwa pamwambapa monga mawonekedwe a broker ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa, omwe amatha kukhala a pinki, ofiira, lalanje kapena lilac.
Mitundu yonse ya zakutchire pachimake mu miyezi yotentha. Kunyumba, komwe sikusintha kwanyengo, maluwa ndi kutulutsa mbewu zimatengera chisamaliro ndi zina zomwe zidapangidwa.
Mungamasamalire bwanji ma afelandra kuti mukwaniritse maluwa abwino kwambiri komanso pafupipafupi komanso kusunga chitsamba chokongoletsera kwa nthawi yayitali?
Zoyenera kukula kumaloko mnyumbamo
Ngati chakumadzulo chikuwonekera pawindo, wofesayo ayenera kukhala wokonzeka kuyang'ana kwambiri chiweto chatsopanocho. Wokhala kumalo otentha, komwe kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kulibe kanthu, amamugwiritsira ntchito kutentha, kuwalitsa komanso kutentha kwambiri.
Afelandra imakhala bwino panyumba nyengo yotentha kuyambira 18 ° C usiku mpaka 27 ° C masana. Kuzizira mpaka 13 ° C m'masiku ochepa kudzadzipangitsa kumverera ndi mawonekedwe a bulauni mawanga pa masamba, kenako kuwonongeka kwa mizu.
Mthunzi suyenera kum'mwera. Chomera ichi, chowala mokwanira, koma osati chachindunji, koma chosakanikirana chikufunika. Zimatengera kupangika kwa kuyatsa koyenera momwe mwiniwake angadikirire maluwa a mlendo waku South America.
- Kukhala mu kuwala kowala kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa masamba.
- Kupanda kuwala kumachepetsa kukongola kwa tchire, masamba amatembenuka ndikuchepera, mphukira zimatambalala mwachangu.
Ndikofunikira kusungitsa mawonekedwe owunikira osati m'chilimwe, pomwe sizovuta kuchita izi, komanso nthawi yozizira, yomwe imakhala yolemetsa pamikhalidwe ya nyengo yamitambo ndi nthawi yayifupi masana.
Koma izi si zokhazo. M'nyengo yozizira, kusamalira nyumba za afelandra kumayambitsa zovuta pazifukwa zingapo nthawi imodzi:
- kusunga kutentha kovomerezeka;
- fufuzani malo pomwe mbewuyo sinasokonezedwe ndi zolembedwa;
- Kupangidwa kwa chinyezi chowonjezereka cha mpweya mchipindacho momwe mumakhala mphika womwe uli ndi chomeracho.
Chinyezi chitha kuchulukitsidwa mwa njira iliyonse yomwe ikupezeka, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito chinyezi chanyumba, kupopera masamba nthawi zonse ndi madzi ofunda, oyimirira kapena chidebe chamadzi chomwe chili pafupi ndi chakumtunda.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa afelandra
Afelandra salekerera nthaka youma komanso kukhala pamalo onyowa kwambiri. Monga zofesa zambiri zapakhomo, kuti mbewu iyi nthawi ya chilimwe, makamaka ndi kukula kwamaluwa ndi maluwa, ndikofunikira kuti dongo lanyumbali likhalebe chinyezi nthawi zonse. Ndi isanayambike m'dzinja, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kotero kuti nthawi pakati pawo pamwamba pamawuma pang'ono.
Koma chikhalidwe chomwe chikukula mwachangu chimafunikira zoposa chinyezi. Wobzala sangachite popanda kubwezeretsanso michere yonse yomwe duwa linatenga dothi.
Kusamalira kukula ndi maluwa a afelandra kunyumba, amadya ndi zovuta kupanga okhala ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu mu chiyerekezo cha 3: 1: 2.
Thirani mbewu
Kuti chomera chikhale chathanzi komanso cholimba, sikokwanira kudziwa momwe angasamalire munthu wakunyanjayo, chikuyenera kuziwitsidwa chaka chilichonse. Popeza ngakhale fanizo la akulu silikufuna kuchuluka kwakukulu ndi dothi, kugwiritsa ntchito chomera, mutha kuwongolera kukula kwa fanizo lamkati, komanso kukankhira mbewu kuti ipange inflorescence.
Mukamasankha dothi lomalizidwa kapena mukupanga dothi nokha, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti mbewuyo imamverera bwino mu gawo lapansi lokhala ndi acidity kuyambira 5.5 mpaka 6.5. Ngati chisamaliro cha afelandra, monga chithunzichi, chikuchitika molondola, mbewuyo imakula mwachangu ndipo nthawi zonse imapereka masamba atsopano athanzi.
- Ngati mulingo wa pH uli <5.5, masamba amasandulika chikasu, mapangidwe a inflorescence ndi masamba amasokonezeka.
- M'dothi lokhala ndi zamchere ndi pH> 7.0, wogwirizira amachedwetsa kukula ndikufa.
Kuti mupeze dothi labwino, mutha kusakaniza zofanana:
- pepala lapansi;
- peat wakuda;
- mchenga wosambitsidwa.
Kukhazikitsa zosakaniza zoterezi ndikosavuta ngati mutayambitsa makala owongoka pang'ono, omwe amakhalanso ndioma.
Ngati gawo laling'ono ndilowonda kwambiri, vermiculite imasakanikirana nawo. Sphagnum moss ndi othandiza mu dothi losakaniza.
Momwe mungasamalire afelandra mutatha maluwa
Pogula zakum'mawa, si onse omwe amalima maluwa omwe amadziwa mawonekedwe a mbewu iyi ndi zopempha zake kuti azisamalidwa m'nyumba. Chifukwa chake, kwa ambiri zimadabwitsa pamene patatha mwezi umodzi, ndiye kuti, inflorescences ikafota, chomera chowumbika chimayamba kusintha.
Zachilengedwe zimayamba kuvuta, ndipo kukula komwe kumaletsedwa kale ndi maluwa kumayamba, masamba otsika amasowa mwachangu, mphukira zimawululidwa ndikukula. Ngati simutenga nawo mbali, ngakhale chisamaliro choyenera cha Afelandra kunyumba, pachimake, chimasanduka chitsamba, monga momwe chilengedwe chimafunira.
Kudulira kokhazikika pokhapokha kumathandiza kukhalabe komata komanso miyeso yovomerezeka m'nyumba. Imachitika kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena koyambirira kwa nyengo yachisanu, kudula tsinde lalikulu ndikusiya masamba angapo m'munsi kuti akulare kwambiri. Njira imeneyi imakuthandizani kuti muzimasulira maofesi amtunduwu komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa inflorescence. Ndipo nthawi yakula, kudula masamba kwa ana mphukira ndikofunika pachikhalidwe.
