Magetsi m'malo okhala m'mizinda ndi m'midzi amayendetsedwa ndi zingwe zopindika, koma zingwe zachikale sizitha ndipo zimasinthidwa. Ntchito zofananazo zimachitika pakumanga nyumba yatsopano kapena nyumba ya chilimwe ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, kulumikiza magetsi kunyumba kuti ipite pamtengo. Chithunzi chojambulira chikuyenera kuwonetsa mtundu wa chingwe ndi momwe amaziyika.
Njira Zosamalira Ma Chingwe
Malinga ndi malamulo akale a PUE, kuyika kwa magetsi mnyumba kumachitika ndi mawaya osiyana omwe amayenda mumlengalenga kupita kunyumba. Tsopano malamulo asintha:
- pakuyika mawaya m'mlengalenga, chingwe cha SIP chimayikidwa kuchokera pamtengo kupita kunyumba;
- mukamagona mobisa, chingwe chokhala ndi zida chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza nyumbayo kuchokera pagome - chingwe cha VBbShv.
Kuti mulumikizane, muyenera kusiyanitsa chingwe cha thunthu chomwe chimayendera pazotsatira. Malinga ndi zoyenera mu Russia, ntchito zoterezi zimachitika ndi mabungwe apadera.
Manga waya bwanji pamlengalenga
Kulowera mpweya kumathamanga, popanda mtengo uliwonse, koma chingwechi chimatha kudulidwa ndi nthambi kapena mtengo wothwa, komanso magalimoto. Kuphatikiza apo, zofunika zotsatirazi ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa:
- Kutalika kwa chingwe kupatsira nyumbayo ndi kupitirira 2.75 m.
- Mtunda pakati pa waya ndi magalimoto onyamula ayenera kukhala akulu kuposa 6 m pamalo otsika kwambiri a sag.
- Popanda chingwe cholumikizira, chingwe chimatambasulidwa kutalika kwa 10 metres. Mtunda kuchokera pamwala wowonjezereka kupita ku mseu waukulu siopitilira 15 m.
Chiwonetserochi chikuwonetsa chithunzi cholumikizira magetsi kupita kunyumba kuchokera pachilambacho kudzera mumlengalenga komanso mtunda pakati pa zothandizira. Ngati kutalika kwa magetsi kulowa munyumba yaumwini kupitirira 25 m, ndiye kuti sizingowagwiritsanso ntchito chingwe, koma kukhazikitsidwa kwa mizere yamatanda pama waya amagetsi, omwe amachitika ndi mabungwe omwe akukhudzidwa.
Kulowetsedwa kolowera mnyumbayo kudzera khoma munyumba yamatabwa kumachitika ndi chitoliro chachitsulo. Mukalowa nyumba yomanga njerwa, chitolirochi chimatha kukhala cha pulasitiki. Chingwecho chimayikidwa pachishango pogwiritsa ntchito njira yobisika kapena yotseguka ndipo chimatsekedwa ndi chitoliro cha pulasitiki kapena chitsulo kutalika kosachepera 2 m.
Ngati kutalika kwa kapangidwe kake sikokwanira, kulowa kwa chingwe pamtondo wapamwamba ku kanyumba kapena nyumba yapadera kumachitika kudzera mwa mozungulira kapena pang'onopang'ono (mozungulira). Amasiyana maonekedwe ndi khoma khoma:
- Kulowera mwachindunji kumayikidwa pakhoma la nyumbayo, ndipo chingwe chimadutsa padenga. M'tsogolomu, amalumikizana ndi waya kulowa munyumbayo. Pankhaniyi, kulowa chinyezi kulowa mu chitoliro sikuopsa.
- Payipi yolowera idakutidwa ndikudutsa khoma la nyumbayo. Poterepa, chingwe chimapita mgawo limodzi kuchokera pa chodutsa kudzera pa gander yamagetsi kupita kumakina ogwiritsira ntchito kapena mita yamagetsi.
Gawo la mtanda ndi zinthu za chingwe zimatengera kutalika kwake:
- mpaka 10 m - chingwe chamkuwa 4 mm²;
- kuyambira 10 mpaka 15 m - mawaya amkuwa 6 mm²;
- gawo lamtambo wa chingwe cha aluminiyamu ndi pafupifupi 16 mm².
Chingwe chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma aluminium conductor chifukwa chamtengo wotsika.
Waya yamagetsi
Pali njira ziwiri zosankha:
- Zachikale. Chingwe kapena chitsulo chachitsulo chimakokedwa panjirayo. Chingwe cholumikizidwa chimamangirizidwa kwa iwo pogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zapadera.
- Zamakono. Gwiritsani ntchito waya wa SIP wodziyimira nokha. Imatambasulidwa popanda zingwe zowonjezera ndipo imagwiridwa ndi kutchinjiriza kwamphamvu kapena waya wamkati wamkati.
Chingwe chotere chimakhala chofala kwambiri mukalowa kunyumba. Kulumikizidwa kwake kumapangidwa ndi ma fayilo apadera, kuphatikiza zida zamavuto, zomangira ndi porcelain kapena pulasitiki zotsekemera. Zipangizozi zimapangidwa kuti zizikhala zolimba kwambiri kuposa chingwe chokha ndipo matalala akakhala kuti mitengo kapena mitengo igwa, zolimbitsa zimagwa ndipo mawaya ochulukitsa amagwera pansi. Chingwe chokha komanso kupangika kwake kumakhalabe kolimba. Mukafuna kuthana ndi ngozi, ndikokwanira kusintha okhazikika ndi ma insulators.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsera njira yachikale yotsekera ndi mawaya anayi osokera pachimake pamipu yodongo komanso momwe angakonzere SIP pakhoma la nyumbayo.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito yolumikizira magetsi pansi panthaka kuchokera pamiyala
Kuphatikiza pa mpweya, pali chiwembu china cholumikizira magetsi kunyumba kuchokera kumiyala - pansi pa nthaka. Ndi njira yobisika pansi, gawo la chingwe lomwe lili mlengalenga, mpaka kutalika kwa mamita 2 kuchokera pansi, limatetezedwa ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chotsikira pansi pa ngalande. Kuzama kwa kugona ndi:
- ngati atayika mu ngalawo mu chitoliro kapena chingwe chatsekedwa ndi simenti kapena asbestos-simenti - 0,7 m;
- chingwecho, chomwe chimangophimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi, chimayikidwa chozama kuposa 1 m.
Magetsi amaperekedwa ku nyumba pansi panthaka kudzera pa maziko kapena kunja, kudzera mumlengalenga. Malowa omwe ali pakhoma mpaka mita 2 amatsekedwa ndi chitoliro kapena bokosi.
Ndili ndi 25A mpaka 25A ndikuyika magawo atatu okhala ndi mphamvu yakufika pa 15 kW, gawo lamtambo la waya wotere limasankhidwa molingana ndi kutentha kwovomerezeka, koma chifukwa chodalirika, chingwe chamkuwa cha VBBSHV chokhala ndi gawo la 10 mm² chimakonda kukhazikitsidwa.
Maziko a nyumba yamatabwa amaonedwa ngati moto, choncho kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi apulasitiki ndikololedwa. Amawaika pomanga nyumbayo.
Chomangacho chikangotuluka, chingwe chitha kuwonongeka. Chifukwa chake, kulowa pansi pa maziko ndizoletsedwa. Komanso ndizoletsedwa kuyika zingwe panjira.
Kulowa khoma
Chingwe chomwe chimabweretsedwa mnyumbamo chikuyenera kulowetsedwa mkati. Kudzera khomalo, imayikidwa mu chitoliro chodzazidwa ndi msanganizo wamchenga wamchenga kapena zinthu zina.
Kulowetsa chingwe chamagetsi kudzera khoma mumapangidwe amatabwa
Nthawi zambiri, mawaya amalowa mnyumbayo kudzera mwa chipinda chapamwamba. Poika waya wa aluminiyamu pafupi ndi nyumba yamatabwa, uyenera kuyikapo ndi mkuwa. Monga lamulo, chingwe chokhala ndi VVGng yosagwirizana sichitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa. Izi zimachitika molingana ndi PUE tsamba 2.1.70, lomwe limaletsa kuyika mawaya a aluminium mu chipinda chapamwamba.
Ma waya omwe akuyenda mumsewu amalumikizidwa ndi midadada yotsirizira m'mabokosi osindikizidwa. Popanda choletsa, kulumikizidwa kumapangidwa ndi bolt, ndipo chotsekerera chachitatu chimayikidwa pakati pa mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa momwe mungalumikizire SIP ndi chingwe chamkuwa.
Palibe kupotoza komwe kumaloledwa.
Kuyika kwa chingwe chamagetsi mnyumba yamatabwa kumachitika ndi chitoliro chachitsulo ndi m'mimba mwake maulendo anayi kutulutsira kunja. Makulidwe otsika a khoma amayimitsidwa ndi SP 31-110-2003 ndipo zimatengera gawo la chingwe:
- mpaka 4 mm² khoma losachepera 2.8 mm;
- mpaka 10 mm² - 3.2 mm.
Chitoliro chimayikidwa ndi kukondera pamsewu. Izi zimalepheretsa madzi kuyenda mkati. Kuphatikiza apo, chitolirochi chimasindikizidwa ndi mapulagi a mphira.
Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka, malekezero a payipi amayeretsedwa kuchokera mkati ndi fayilo.
Kulowa m'malo ouma ndi onyowa
Kulowa mchipinda chouma ndi chonyowa kumachitika mosiyanasiyana. Izi ndichifukwa chakufunika kuteteza chitoliro ndi chingwe mmenemo kuti chinyontho.
Ngakhale kuti kulumikizidwa kwa magetsi kuchokera pamtengo kupita kunyumba kumachitika ndi mabungwe apadera, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito iyi. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mutenge nawo gawo pantchitoyo ndipo zikuthandizani kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yoyikira chingwe ndikuyang'anira kulumikizana.
