Nthambi ya evergreen ndi chomera chomwe chimaphukira bwino kwambiri. Chitsamba chowumbika chimafikira 20 cm. Maluwa nthawi yamaluwa amakhala ndi utoto wamitundu yambiri.
Evergreen begonia ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu:
- Wamtali
- Yapakatikati
- Kalulu
Mitundu ya Begonia
Wamtali
Mpaka otchuka komanso wamba mitundu yayitali ya begonias ndiyophatikiza: Alba, Gustav Knaake, Kate Teicher.
Mitundu ya Alba imakhala ndi chitsamba chamadzi chofikira mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 40. Masamba ake ndi amtundu wobiriwira. Inflorescence imaphatikizapo maluwa 15, olimba. Pakhoza kukhala maluwa okwanira 8 nthawi imodzi.
Mitundu yayitali - chisankho chabwino kwambiri malo obzalaAmafika m'mimba mwake mpaka 10cm, okhala ndi mtundu woyera. Gawo ili ndilabwino kwa olera gulu, imatha kubereka maluwa okwana 30 nthawi yakula.
Gustav Knaake ali ndi chitsamba chotumphukira mpaka kutalika kwa 30 cm. Masamba ndiwobiriwira, pali chingwe chofiira m'mphepete. Ma inflorescence ndi olimba, ali ndi maluwa a 10-12, ofika masentimita atatu, okhala ndi mtundu wofiira wakuda.
Zabwino kwambiri pazomera zam'magulu, zomwe zimatha kupanga mpaka maluwa 50 kwakanthawi.
Kate Teicher ali ndi zitsamba zobiriwira mpaka kutalika kwa 35 cm. Masamba ndiwobiriwira ndipo ali ndi malire ofiira kuzungulira m'mphepete. Ma inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa 15, mpaka 5 cm. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi wofiira. Nthawi yakula pangani maluwa 60.
Yapakatikati
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi iyi: Carmen ndi Othello.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Carmen ndi chitsamba chowoneka bwino, chotalika 25 cm. Masamba ndi abulauni. Ma inflorescence ndi olimba, ali ndi maluwa 5 masentimita awiri.
Ma inflorescence amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira. Maluwa ambiri, imapanga maluwa pafupifupi 90 nthawi yakula.
Othello ndi chitsamba chowoneka bwino mpaka 20 cm. Masamba amtundu wakuda wobiriwira. Ma inflorescence ndi olimba, ofiira, mpaka 4 cm. Ndizoyenera kukafika pagulu.
Kalulu
Mitundu wamba ndi: Andy, Albert Martin, Amber, Ball Red, Bella.
Andi ali ndi chitsamba chowumbika mpaka 18cm. Mtundu wa masamba ndiwobiliwira, pali malire ofiira kuzungulira m'mbali. Maluwa ndi ofiira, 4 cm.
Maluwa awiri amatha kutsegulidwa nthawi yomweyo. Kukhazikika kotheka zonse ziwiri komanso pamabedi amaluwa, miphika. Pali maluwa okwana kufikira 120 nyengo iliyonse.
Ambergris ndi chitsamba mpaka kutalika kwa 15 cm. Masamba amakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni. Ma inflorescence ndi pinki, ali ndi maluwa pafupifupi 7. Yoyenera m'malire ndi m'miphika.
Zokongoletsa begonias amadziwika ndi maluwa ambiri munthawi yake.Maziko Owasamalira Panyumba
Chinyezi ndi kuthirira
Ngati pali maluwa obanika kutuwa nthawi zonse pazenera, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti likuwasamalira. Kuthirira ndikofunikira kuti mutsetse nyumba kawiri pa sabata. Mphika uyenera kumaima pallet, wokhala ndi mabowo pansi. Pa masiku pakati pa kuthirira, madzi kudzera poto.
Ndikosatheka kuti madzi amayenda mu poto, apo ayi mizu imawola.
Ngati duwa limakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, masamba amatembenuka chikasu ndikuyamba kugwa. M'nthawi yachisanu kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka nthawi 1 pa sabata. Utsi m'malo otentha sabata iliyonse.
Muyeneranso kupukuta masamba ndi nsalu yonyansa kuchokera kufumbi ndi dothi. Chinyezi cha Optimum imawerengedwa kuti ndi 50-60%.
Kutentha ndi kuyatsa
Evergreen begonia imafuna chipinda chotentha komanso chinyezi. Kutentha kokwanira kudzakhala kuyambira madigiri 15 mpaka 25. Amakumana ndi kutsika komanso kutentha, chifukwa amatha kuvutika kwambiri. Zomera ndi chithunziimafuna malo dzuwa.
Kuwala ndikofunikira kwa begonia, chifukwa imakhudza mwachindunji mtundu wakeKuwala kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi utoto, mtundu wake ndi kusilira kwa inflorescence. Osaloleza mwachindunji dzuwa. Amafunikira kuunikira kotero chaka chonse. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, mutha kuyiyika mwachindunji dzuwa, ngati ilibe kuwala kokwanira, ikani zowonjezera zowonjezera mothandizidwa ndi nyali.
Pali maupangiri othandiza a momwe mungasamalire begonia:
- Pewani kukonzekera mkati.
- Zosavomerezeka ikani poto pafupi ndi magetsi, mabatire, zotenthetsa.
- Kukhalapo kwa mpweya wabwino ndi mpweya wabwino.
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Pa mtundu uwu wa begonia, nthaka iyenera kukhala yopukutika, yolumikizika, yopitilira mpweya momasuka. Iyenera kuphatikizidwanso ndi mchere komanso michere. Dothi lingagulidwe ku malo ogulitsira, komanso lokonzekera palokha.
Kuti muchite izi, sakanizani m'malo ofanana dothi labwino, dothi lamasamba, humus, mchenga. Pansi pa mphikawo payenera kukhala pali zotulutsira miyala yosanjikiza kapena dongo.
Zophatikiza zamadzimadzi ziwonjezedwa kunthaka ndikathirira duwaDothi momwe bemboni limakulira ndilofunikira manyowa mukathirira. Chifukwa cha izi, feteleza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yoyenera:
- Mowa feteleza
- Granular
- Mimbulu
- kompositi
Ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika, kuvala kumayenera kuchitika sabata iliyonse. M'nyengo yotentha ndi nthawi zina, ngati duwa limamasula kwambiri, ndiye kuti limadyetsedwa 1 pamwezi. Ngati maluwa sanachitike, ndiye kuti begonia iyenera kukumana ndi kawiri pamwezi. M'nyengo yozizira, mmera umadyetsedwa nthawi 1 yonse.
Momwe mungasankhire mphika
Kuti musankhe mphika pobzala begonias, muyenera kuganizira magawo ena. Ayenera kukhala chambiri kuposa kuya. Popeza mizu imamera pamtunda wapansi panthaka.
Zomera yanyumba imakhala ndi mizu yamphamvu komanso maluwa ochulukirapo. Chifukwa chake, poto wokubzala uyenera kukhala wolimba.
Matanki opangidwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi ndi oyenera kwambiri:
- dongo
- zoumba
- cholimba, pulasitiki yolimba.
Mu mphika umodzi, mutha kubzala mbewu zazing'ono ziwiri kapena zitatu, koposa zonse, kuyang'anira zina mtunda pakati pawo Masentimita 10. Popeza ma duizuwa a maluwa akuluakulu amafika masentimita 15, mudzafunika mphika wokhala ndi mainchesi 30-30 cm.
Momwe mungadulire maluwa komanso nthawi yochitira izo
Nthambi za masamba obiriwira, monga mbewu zambiri zamkati, zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kudulira. Ngakhale mmera sukula kupitirira masentimita 45, umafunikira kudulira nthawi yozizira itatha. Mphukira zazitali zazitali zimafupikitsidwa.
Ndikofunikanso kuchotsa magawo ofooka ndi owuma. Chapakatikati, podulira, mutha kukonzekera zodulira. Kudulira kumathandiza kuti duwa likhale labwino komanso labwino. Komanso, podulira masamba, mbewuyo imapeza kuwala kwambiri.
Kuti muthane ndi kukula, ndikofunikira kuti muzidulira zipatsozo nthawi zonse, zikafika kutalika kwa 15 cm.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Monga mwachizolowezi, mosasamala, duwa limakhala lofooka, ndipo limakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Matenda ofala kwambiri amatengedwa:
- ufa wowuma
- Muzu ndi zowola za tsamba
Kuwonongeka kwa Matenda - chotsatira cha kusamalira bwino kwa chomeraPowdery mildew imachitika pakakhala kusowa kapena kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Ndikofunikira kuthirira moyenera, kuchotsa mbali zowonongeka, ndikuwaza mbewuzo ndi fungicides.
Muzu ndi tsinde zowola zimawoneka pamtunda wambiri komanso kutentha pang'ono.
Muyeneranso kusintha kutentha ndi chinyezi, Chotsani mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa. Ngati mbewuyo inaonongeka kwambiri, ichotseninso zonsezo.
Begonia amathanso kuwonongeka ndi tizirombo:
- Whitefly
- Zopatsa
- Chotchinga
Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo, pukuta masamba ndi mphukira ndi yankho la sopo ndi siponji. Mowa ulinso woyenera ndi sopo. Mu njira zochizira muyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Kubzala ndi kuswana kwamaluwa nthawi zonse
Momwe mungatulutsire kosavuta komanso terry
Begonia imatha kuphuka chaka chonse, chisamaliro choyenera ndikupanga malo abwino.
Zomera zimamera bwino, maluwa amatha kukhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- Malalanje
- Reds
- Pinki
- Scarlet
- Azungu
- Kirimu
Maluwa amathanso kukhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana: yosavuta komanso iwiri. Ndi kuwunikira kosalekeza, kuthirira bwino komanso chinyezi, sikukutha kutulutsa.
Ma inflorescence owuma pachomera ayenera kuchotsedwa kuti akhale olimba.
Kunja kofikira
Kukhazikika kwa begonia begonias amatsatira malamulo ena:
- Tikuyenera kuchitika wachondenthaka yonyowa, yopanda acid.
- Ndicholinga choti chifukwa chakuchuluka kwanyontho mizu yake isawola, bedi liyenera kukweza pang'ono.
- Zomera zibzalidwe pamalo owala bwino, apo ayi mphukira zimayamba kutambasuka.
- Ndikofunika kuthirira ngati dothi likoma, apo ayi, chifukwa cha chilala, masamba ayamba kuyanika, ndipo maluwa sadzagwirika.
- Kuzungulira pakufunika masula pansikotero kuti amalola chinyezi ndi mpweya kudutsa, chotsani namsongole munthawi yake.
- Mutha kuyamba kubzala mbande zikagwa chisanu mu Meyi.
- Nthawi ya chilimwe ikatha, chisanu chisanayambe, iwo amakumba ndikuyibyala mumiphika maphwando.
Thirani
Wogulitsa kunyumba umachitika kumayambiriro kwamasika. Zomera zazing'ono ziyenera kuthandizidwa pachaka, ndipo akulu 1 nthawi 2 zaka. Chizindikiro chachikulu chokomera ndiye mizu yomwe ikamatirira pansi.
Pokonzekera kubzala, lingalirani zaka za duwaKuti muchite izi, chitani:
- Konzani mphika watsopano wopanda nthaka ndi nthaka yachonde ndi ngalande
- Pukutsani mbewu, chotsani dothi lakale ndi mizu yake
- Tsitsani mizu kukhala yankho ndi potaziyamu permanganate, Chotsani zakale ndi zovunda
- Ikani mumphika ndikuwaza ndi lapansi, ndikupanga pang'ono
- Madzi ambiri tsiku lililonse mpaka atatenge
- Simungathe kuyika maluwa padzuwa mutangobzala
- Zomera zimalimba ndikukula muzu umodzi
Pambuyo pothira ubongo, muyenera kuusamalira koyamba mpaka atalimba.
Njira zolerera
Maluwa a Begonia nthawi zonse amatha kubereka m'njira zingapo:
- Mbewu
- Tsinde kudula.
Sizipangitsa kusiyana kutumiza zodula kuti zisagwe m'madzi kapena kuti zibzale m'nthakaPakabzala mbewu, mitundu ya terry imataya mawonekedwe, kuti izisungidwe, iyenera kufaliridwa mwakukula, mwaudzu wodula.
Kufalitsa ndi zodula, kudula kumakonzedwa mu kasupe ndi chilimwe. Amadulidwa kutalika kwa 10-15 masentimita kuti pakhale masamba awiri. Zolemba zotsika ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Mutha kuzika mizu m'madzi, koma ndizololeka mutadzala m'nthaka. Mchenga wambiri uyenera kukhalapo m'nthaka.
Zodulidwa zobzala zophimbidwa ndi polyethylene. Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala kochulukirapo, komanso kuwapatsira mpweya. Patatha mwezi umodzi, mutazika mizu, filimuyo iyenera kuchotsedwa. Zodulidwa mizu amazidulira payokha miphika ndi nthaka yachonde.
Kubalana ndi mbeu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. mbande zotseguka:
| Gawo 1 - Kufesa | M'mwezi wa February, mbewu zofesedwa mumabokosi. Zilibe zakuya, koma zimayikidwa pansi panthaka, komanso yokutidwa ndigalasi kapena filimu |
| Gawo 2 - Kuthirira | Muyenera kuthilira madzi ambiri kuchokera mfuti yolusa, kuti musasambe nthangala |
| Gawo 3 - Mlengalenga | Sambani filimuyo pafupipafupi. Masabata awiri atatuluka kanema uyenera kuchotsedwa |
| Gawo 4 - kuyenda | Mbande imalowa pansi ndi kutentha pang'ono ndi kuthirira |
| Gawo 5 - Thirani | Kugulitsa pamene iwo akukula. Maluwa atha kubwera mu Meyi |
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mudzawona zotsatira zoyambirira za kukula ndi mbewu pambuyo pa miyezi itatuMaluwa ena apakhomo amathanso kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu. Kusiyanaku kudzakhala muzinthu zazing'ono - zomwe zimafunikira kubala kapena makamaka kusamalira kufesa. Onani momwe mungakonzekeretse nthaka pofalitsa mbewu za cyclamen.
Evergreen begonia yakhala ikufunidwa komanso kufunika pakati pa alimi a maluwa. Ngakhale chomera chimafuna chisamaliro mosamala, makamaka nthawi yamaluwa, poyankha, chidzakondweretsa kukongola kwa maluwa ake okhala ndi mitundu yambiri.
