Schisandra Schisandra ndi chomera cha mpesa kuchokera ku banja la Schisandra, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku China, Japan, Korea, komanso kumadera ambiri ndi zigawo za Russia, kuphatikiza ndi dera la Moscow. Pamtundu wa mbewu zabwinozi, pali mitundu pafupifupi iwiri koma mtengo wa ndimu ndiwotchuka kwambiri.
Mawonekedwe apadera a lemongrass ndi thupilo lake lalitali kutalika kwake, kutalika kwa 15 m, lalitali lopanda kanthu, masamba onunkhira amtundu wakuda wobiriwira, maluwa oyera ofiira komanso zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso zamkati. Kutulutsa maluwa kumatha milungu iwiri ndipo kumayamba kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Juni. Kututa kumachitika kumayambiriro yophukira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mbewu zazing'ono zizitetezedwa kuti zisazizidwe ndi masamba ozizira ndi masamba owala; Zipatso, msuzi, masamba ndi makungwa a lemongrass ali ndi machitidwe othandiza komanso amachiritso. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe, pokonzekera zakumwa, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, komanso m'makampani a confectionery.
Schisandra chinensis ndi mtundu wokhawo womwe umakula mchikhalidwe ndipo umadziwika ndi mitundu yake "Woyamba kubadwa" ndi "Garden 1". Mitundu yonseyi ndi yolimbana ndi chisanu komanso yomwe ikukula mwachangu. "Mwana woyamba kubadwa" amasiyanitsidwa ndi zipatso zapamwamba kwambiri, kucha kwapakatikati komanso kukana bwino matenda ndi tizilombo, "Sadovy 1" imabweretsa zipatso zochuluka kwambiri za zipatso zokoma komanso zonunkhira.
Kubzala lemongrass panja
Madeti, malo ndi chiwembu chofika
Nthawi yoyenera kubzala Schisandra madera otentha ndi Seputembara-Okutobala, madera ena nyengo yamasika izikhala yabwino - kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi. Malo osankhidwa bwino oti mbewuzo zikulidwe ziyenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo komanso kuzizira kozama, kowala bwino ndi dzuwa. Tsambali likhoza kukhala pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka kuchokera mnyumbayi. Mtunda pakati pa zoyimilira ndi 80-100 cm.
Kukonzekera dothi, kusankha ndikubzala mbande
Masabata awiri asanabzalidwe, ndikofunikira kukonzekera maenje obzala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 70 masentimita ndi kuya pafupifupi 40. Kuchokera pa njerwa yophwanyika kapena njerwa yaying'ono, malo okumbikakumbika okhala ndi makulidwe pafupifupi masentimita 10 amawaika pansi .Danga latsalalo mu dzenje limadzazidwa ndi dothi losakaniza mwapadera , wopanga magawo ofanana a humus ndi manyowa, tsamba ndi malo sod, superphosphate (200 g) ndi phulusa lamatabwa (500 g). Mpaka tsiku lobzala, dothi limakhazikika pang'onopang'ono ndikukhala onenepa.
Mukamasankha mbande, muyenera kulabadira zofunikira zakunja:
- Zaka - zaka 2-3;
- Msinkhu - 10-15 cm;
- Gawo lamizu ndi labwino komanso lopangidwa bwino.
Mmera umayikidwa pakatikati pa dzenjelo, mizu imafalikira pamwamba pa dothi ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi kuti khosi la mizu likhalabe mulingo womwewo ndi dothi. Mukangobzala, kuthirira yambiri kumachitika mozungulira pamtengo wozungulira ndi wokumbapo wocheperako m'mphepete (pafupifupi 10 cm). Mutatha kuthirira madzi othirira, nthaka imakutidwa ndi mulch kuchokera ku humus kapena kompositi.
Kusamalira mandongrass m'munda
Kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa
Kutsirira kumalimbikitsidwa kuti mupangidwe mozungulira-tsinde bwalo, kuchuluka kwa madzi othirira ndikochepa. Pamasiku otentha a chilimwe, hydrate yowonjezera idzafunika mwanjira ya kupopera mbewu mankhwalawo. Njira zamadzi izi zimalimbikitsidwa kwa azikhalidwe zazing'ono ndi akulu. Madzi ayenera kukhala otentha ndikukhazikika, ndikothekanso kusiya makina okhala ndi madzi othirira dzuwa lotentha kuti lizitenthe. Chomera chachikulire chimafuna zidebe pafupifupi 5,6 zamadzi.
Kusamalira dothi
Nthaka imafunikira kudulira mosalekeza komanso kumasulira kosaya. Kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi chokwanira komanso monga chakudya china, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mulching wosakanikirana wa humus kapena kompositi inavunda.
Ntchito feteleza
Mu zaka ziwiri zoyambirira mutabzala, palibe kuvala kowonjezera komwe kumafunikira lemongrass. Zomera zimayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mchaka chachitatu cha moyo. Mu nyengo, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zovala zitatu zapamwamba - kumapeto kwa chilimwe, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira. Pambuyo pa zonsezi, dothi limapukusidwa ndi madzi othirira.
- Chapakatikati (pafupifupi kumayambiriro kwa Epulo) - 20-30 g wa mchere.
- M'chilimwe (ndi nthawi 15 masiku 15) - yankho la mbalame zitosi (20 malita a madzi - 1 makilogalamu) kapena yankho la mullein (malita 10 a madzi - 1 kg).
- Mukugwa, chisakanizo cha superphosphate (20 g) ndi phulusa lamatanda (100 g) zimayambitsidwa mozungulira bwalo la chitsamba chilichonse mwakuya pafupifupi masentimita khumi.
Kukhazikitsa kwa othandizira
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito trellises komanso makwerero odziimira pakulima lemongrass, chifukwa kuyika kumeneku kumathandizira mbewu kuti iphunzire kuwala kambiri dzuwa ndi kutentha ndipo imathandizanso paubwino ndi zipatso zambiri. Schisandra yopanda thandizo imakula ngati chitsamba wamba chaching'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri imabala zipatso. Nyumba yothandiza ngati imeneyi iyenera kukhazikitsidwa munthawi yoyamba kukulira chikhalidwe chofatsa komanso chathanzi.
Kuti mupange trellis pamafunika mitengo yayitali (kutalika kuyambira 2,5 mpaka 3 m) ndi waya wachitsulo. Chidutswa chilichonse chimakungidwa m'nthaka ndikuya pafupifupi masentimita 60, ndikutalikirana kwa mita 2.5-3. Mawaya amayikidwa pamatanda ngakhale m'mizere kutalika kwa 50 cm, 1.5 m ndi 2.5 m kuchokera pansi. Mbewu zachikale zimamangiriridwa ndi waya wapafupi, kenako, zikamakula, zimagwirizana ndi chilichonse.
Ngati mandongrass amakula pafupi ndi khoma la nyumba kapena nyumba ina, ndiye m'malo mwa trellis, mutha kupanga makwerero amitengo ndikuyiyika mu mawonekedwe a oblique pafupi ndi kapangidwe kake. Thandizo loterolo limathandiziranso bwino mphukira zomwe zikukula za lemongrass.
Kudulira
M'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira mutabzala mbande, mapangidwe ndi kukula kwa muzu kumachitika motero kudulira sikofunikira munthawi imeneyi. Kuyambira kuyambira chaka chachitatu cha moyo, mphukira zamtunda zimakula kwambiri, ndipo kudulira kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri. Ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika chokhazikika, mphukira zimatha kudulidwa pakati pa nthawi yotentha, koma izi zimachitika bwino nthawi yophukira. Pachitsamba chilichonse, ndikofunikira kuchoka 3 mpaka 6 mphukira zazing'ono, ndipo ena onse amachotsedweratu mpaka pansi. Kuchotsa lemongrass kumawombera nthawi yozizira ndi masika (kutuluka kwa yogwira) kumatsutsana, chifukwa mbewuyo ikhoza kufa.
Kudulira kwa ukalamba kumalimbikitsidwa kwa Schisandra wamkulu, nthambi zake zofika zaka 15-18. Kudulira mwaukhondo kumatha kuchitika nthawi yonse yotentha. Mbewu ziyenera kumasulidwa ku nthambi zowonongeka ndi zouma, kuchokera kumiphukira yaying'ono komanso yodwala, komanso kuchokera kumizu yophukira. Njira yofulumira imafunika pakafalikira tizirombo kapena matenda.
Thirani
Kuyika kwa lemongrass kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo kumakhala kovuta. Ojambula maluwa ndi osamalira maluwa samalimbikitsa kuti ndizopanda zina popanda zosowa zapadera. Ngakhale njira yofalitsira monga kugawa mizu sigwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa, kuti mizu ya mbewuyi singafowore ikachotsedwa pansi. Ngati vutolo likukula kuti mbewu ifunika kuiwika kwina, ndiye kuti muthanso kumuyika posachedwa, chifukwa lemongrass imavutika pakuwonetsa muzu. M'pofunika kukonzekera dzenje lobzala ndi dothi osakanikiratu, ndipo pokhapokha mukubyala mbewuyo.
Njira zofalitsira za lemongrass
Kufalitsa mbewu
Mbewu zingabzalidwe m'dzinja ndi masika. M'dzinja, zipatso zatsopano zimabzalidwa. Popeza adakhala ndi dothi m'nthaka, nthawi yophukira adzaphukira. Pakubzala kwa masika, nthangala zokonzeka zomwe zidasinthidwa kwa masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi zimabzalidwa m'mabokosi obzala ndi osakaniza dothi lalitali mpaka 5 mm, wokutidwa ndi mapepala ndi kuthilira tsiku ndi tsiku kumachitika mpaka zitamera. Kuwombera kuwonekera masiku 10-15. Mbande zazing'ono zachifundo siziyenera kuwonekera dzuwa. Monga prophylaxis komanso kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mbande zimamwetsedwa ndi yankho laofooka la manganese. Pambuyo pakuwonekera masamba athunthu a 3-4, mbandezo zimasinthidwa kuzinthu zokulirapo ndikuzibzala mtunda wa 5-6 masentimita kuchokera kwina.
Ma lemongrass achichepere amatha kusamutsidwa kumayambiriro kwa June, pambuyo poti chizolowezi chizomera chizomera pang'ono pang'ono kuti chizitseguka ndi kuwuma. Mabedi otseguka azikhala pamtunda wocheperako, malo pakati pa kubzala ndi 10 cm kapena kupitilira .. Mu zaka ziwiri zoyambirira, ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito pogona pang'onopang'ono kwa mbewu zazing'ono nthawi yachisanu. Monga chophimba, mutha kutenga masamba agwa ndi nthambi za spruce. Zomera zikafika zaka zitatu, zimabzyala pamalo okhazikika.
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Pochita kudula, muyenera kutenga nsonga za mphukira zazing'ono. Nthawi yabwino yolumikizira ndi midsummer. Gawo lam'munsi mwa zodulidwazo limamizidwa tsiku limodzi mu njira ya Kornevin, kenako ndikumalidwa mumchenga wonyowa. Zodulidwa zobzala ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mtsuko wagalasi kapena botolo la pulasitiki lokonzedwa pamwamba.
Kufalitsa pang'onopang'ono
Pakati pa mphukira zomwe zimamera pachaka m'munsi mwa muzu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisankhe zolimba kwambiri, kuzikhazika pamwamba pa nthaka yomasuka, kukonza ndi waya ndikumwaza ndi humus kapena peat nthaka yosanjikiza pafupifupi 15 cm. Mizu yoyambayo pam nthambi imayamba kuonekera patatha miyezi pafupifupi 4, ndipo mizu yonse makina adzapangidwa pokhapokha zaka 1.5-2. Kenako zithekanso kupatula zigawozo ndikusamutsira kumalo okhazikika kuti mupange chitukuko chokha.
Kufalikira kwa mizu
Kukumba ndi kubzala ana muzu ndikulimbikitsidwa mu theka lachiwiri la masika. Ndikofunika kusankha ana angapo omwe amakhala kutali ndi chitsamba chokulirapo. Pamaso pake, ndikofunikira kukonzekeretsa malo omwe adatsikira ndipo atangochotsa pansi, kuwabzala patsamba latsopano. Gawo lake silikuyenera kuwuma mlengalenga ngakhale kwakanthawi kochepa. M'miyezi yoyamba, mbande ziyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa komanso chinyezi chambiri padzikoli.
Tizilombo zazikulu ndi matenda
Schisandra imalephera kuthana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza chifukwa cha kununkhira kwake kowoneka bwino, koma nthawi zina matendawa amatha kuyamba chifukwa chokhudzana ndi chomera chodwala kapena kufalikira kwake pamalowo. Kuti mudziwe matenda enieni komanso kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti muteteze mbewu, muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro zake zazikulu.
- Mawonekedwe a bulauni omwe ali ndi mawanga akuda kumbuyo kwa tsamba lawolo akuwonetsa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda kapena bakiteriya - tsamba. Ndikofunikira kuthira mbewu zakonzedwa zokhala ndi mkuwa
- Malo akulu akuda, pafupifupi akuda pamasamba, omwe pambuyo pake amasandulika mabowo, akuwonetsa phylostictosis. Malangizo okhala ndi mkuwa amafunikira.
- Madontho a bulauni mpaka masentimita awiri ndi ascogytosis. Bordeaux madzi (1% yankho) adzafunika pokonza masamba.
- Madontho a bulauni omwe amakhala ndi pinki tinge ndi matenda oyamba a ramulariosis. Fungicides apadera amafunikira.
- Kuphimba kwamtundu woyera wa masamba ndi zimayambira, zomwe zimasanduka zofiirira, ndizopepuka. Pa gawo loyambirira la matendawa, msuzi wa sopo umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomenya nkhondo, ndipo mwaukalamba, mayankho ndi kukonzekera ndi mkuwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Kukuzungulira kwa khosi muzu, gawo la tsinde ndi matenda oyamba ndi fusarium. Chomera chodwala chiyenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu, ndipo dothi liyenera kuthiridwa ndi njira yotsatsira matenda.
Zothandiza katundu ndi contraindication
Kuphatikizika kwa masamba, zipatso ndi mbewu za schisandra kumaphatikizapo zinthu zambiri zothandiza: ma organic acid, mavitamini, mafuta ochulukirapo, zinthu zambiri za kufufuza ndi zinthu zogwirizana ndi thupi zomwe thupi laumunthu limafunikira pochiza matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, chiwindi ndi kapamba, dongosolo lamanjenje ndi ziwalo chimbudzi. Zipatso ndi mbewu za schisandra zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi ma minyewa, omwe amafunikira kuchiritsa ku kuchepa kwa magazi ndi chifuwa chachikulu, matenda a genitourinary system ndi matenda oopsa. Zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mpesa wa magnolia, mankhwala achi China amagwiritsa ntchito kuchepetsa matenda a shuga komanso kulimbitsa minofu ya mtima. M'dziko lathu, lemongrass ndiyotchuka mu maphikidwe a wowerengeka (monga prophylactic motsutsana ndi chimfine ndi chimfine), komanso popanga zodzikongoletsera (pokonza mafuta ndi masks).
Mukamasankha lemongrass ngati mankhwala achire kapena mankhwala opaka zodzikongoletsera, muyenera kufunsa katswiri, popeza mmerowo uli ndi zotsutsana.
