Wobadwira ku Central ndi Central Asia, vwende zikupita patsogolo madera akumpoto kwenikweni. Chifukwa cha bwino obereketsa, zipatso za uchi zimatha kubzala osati kum'mwera kwa dzikolo, komanso m'njira yapakati. Komanso, zipatso zokoma kwambiri sizinakhwimitsidwe nkomwe malo obiriwira, koma poyera komanso pa khonde.
Inde, vwende ndizopatsa chidwi komanso ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa zomwe abale omwe ali pafupi kwambiri - nkhaka ndi maungu, koma ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mtunduwu umvera wolima wakhama. Kodi ndizinthu ziti zomwe zikuluzikulu zakulima pamalo otseguka? Ndi zovuta ziti zomwe mungakumane nazo, komanso momwe mungakwaniritsire kubereka zipatso panyumba?
Kukonzekeretsa mbewu za vwende kuti zibzalidwe
Mbewu zolimba, zopangika bwino zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofesa, pomwe akatswiri amalangiza kuti atenge zinthu zofesa zomwe adapeza zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zapitazo. Kuwona momwe, pachithunzichi, vwende limakula, mutha kuzindikira:
- Zomera zam'mimba zatsopano zimapereka maluwa amtundu wamphongo, ndipo mazira ochepa kwambiri amakhala nawo;
- zotupa za vwende kuchokera ku mbewu zakale ndizopatsa zipatso zambiri.
Kuchulukitsa kumera, zimamizidwa kwa maola 12 mu yankho la boric acid ndi zinc sulfate kapena chowonjezera china chakukula.
Ngati mukukula mavwende panjira yoyenda pakati, ndibwino kuda nkhawa kuti mbeu isadzaume kwambiri, yomwe:
- choyamba kumizidwa m'madzi ofunda ndi kutentha kwa dongosolo la 30-35 ° C;
- kenako ndikusiya tsiku limodzi kutentha;
- kwa stratation, imasamutsidwira mufiriji kwa maola 18, pomwe kutentha kumakhala pafupi ndi zero.
Mbewu zotupa ndizokonzeka kufesa panthaka kapena mbande.
Kodi kukula mbande kunyumba?
Popeza mamembala onse a banja la dzungu, chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa mizu, samakonda zojambulidwa, ndipo chikhalidwe ndichosangalatsa kwambiri, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti:
- nthaka pa chiwembu chovomerezeka cha vwende iyenera kutenthetsedwa mpaka 12-13 ° C;
- kufesa mu mapiritsi a peat kapena makapu ang'onoang'ono kumachitika osati kale kuposa masabata awiri musanabzalidwe mu nthaka;
- m'mbale zokhala zokulirapo za mbande zitha kupitirira masiku 30.
Mwachitsanzo, kwa gulu lapakati pa mbande, ndizovomerezeka kubzala mbewu m'masiku omaliza a Epulo, ndiye pofika mwezi wa June mbewu zazing'ono ziyenera kupita kumalo okhazikika.
Kugwiritsa ntchito miphika ya peat kumakupatsani mwayi wopewa kupweteka ndikusunga mpaka masabata atatu mukamakula mavwende m'malo otseguka.
Pakukula mbande pangani dothi losakanikirana:
- humus;
- peat oyeretsedwa ku zodetsa;
- mchenga;
- nthaka yamaluwa.
Asanafesere, dothi limapukutidwa ndikulemeretsedwa ndi feteleza wovuta wokhala ndi kufufuza zinthu za vwende. Mbewu ziwiri zimabzalidwa mumphika uliwonse ndi mulifupi wa 10-11 masentimita, kuti, poyang'ana momwe vwende zimamera, pachithunzichi, sankhani tumphuka wamphamvu, ndi wofooka kuti udule, popanda kuwononga mizu.
Popewa kuwola kwa timitengo tating'onoting'ono, dothi losungidwa pamizere limakonkhedwa ndi mchenga woyera.
Pakukula mavwende kunyumba, amasunga kutentha pafupifupi 20 ° C, koma usiku mpweya umatha kuzizira mpaka 15 ° C. Kuthirira ma gourds, kuphatikizapo vwende, kumafunikira koyenera, monga kumera kumawuma.
Timasankha ndi kukonza tsambalo
Pachikhalidwe chakumwera chomwe chimakonda kutentha ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa pamalo otseguka, owunikira kwambiri, koma otsekeka kuchokera ku zojambula ndi mphepo yozizira, amasankhidwa.
Ndikofunika kuti chinyezi chisasunthike pachimake cha vwende, chifukwa chake kuvunda ndi fungal matenda a mbewu sangathe kupewedwa.
Komanso, pakukula mavwende panthaka, dothi limakonzedwa pasadakhale. Mukugwa, mavwende amtsogolo:
- kukumba fosholo osachepera pa bayonet;
- manyowa ndi kanthu organic, kuyambitsa 4-6 makilogalamu a humus kapena zowola manyowa pa lalikulu mita.
Melon amakonda dothi lotayirira, chifukwa chake, pamadothi oterera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonjezere mchenga wamtsinje pamabedi. Chapakatikati, feteleza wa mbatata ndi phosphate amawonjezeredwa ndi vwende kuti akumbe.
Bzalani vwende pansi
Malamulo oyambira kukula kwa mavwende osavomerezeka ndi osavuta:
- Zomera zazing'ono zimafunikira kutetezedwa ku mvula ndi kuzizira.
- Kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa mbewu zimatengera kupangika koyenera kwa mbewu, kuchotsedwa kwa nsonga za zotupa ndi ovary yambiri.
- Ndondomeko yokhazikika yothirira ingathandize kupeza zipatso zotsekemera, zamphumphu popanda zopanda ming'alu.
- Vwende amafunika kudyetsa pafupipafupi.
Kubzala mbande ndi mbewu kumachitika patali osachepera 60 cm kuchokera kwina.
Mbewuzo zimayikidwa masentimita 5, ndipo, monga momwe zimakhalira mmera, mbewu 2-3 zimayikidwa m'dzenje. Kuphatikiza apo, supuni ya nitrofoski kapena feteleza wina wokhala ndi nayitrogeni amawonjezedwa kudzenje pansi pa mbewu ndi mbande.
Ngati mbewu mu miphika ya peat zibzalidwe pa mavwende, chotupacho sichingayikidwe. Mukathira pansi ndi dothi, imayenera kumera pang'ono pamwamba pazonse, pokhapokha mbewuzo zitathiridwa madzi ndikuyanthira ndi dothi lonyowa.
M'tsogolomu, mbande za vwende zimakhala bwino kwa nthawi yoyamba, pomwe pali zofunikira, kutetezedwa ndi dzuwa, mvula komanso kuzizira. Mukazolowera, ulimiwu umachotsedwa masana masana, ndipo usiku mbewu zimabisidwanso pansi pake.
Zojambula Zosamalira Melon
Kukula mavwende panthaka, wogulitsayo ayenera kuyang'ana kuthirira, kumasula dothi, kuvala pamwamba komanso kuluka mabedi. Kuphatikiza apo, simungadikire zokolola zabwino ngati simutsina zikwapu pomwe pali ovary kale ndipo osachotsa mphukira zopanda kanthu zomwe zimachotsa mphamvu pachitsamba.
Kutsegulira kumachitika mosamala, mpaka akuya masentimita 10-12, popanda kuwononga mizu. Ndi kukula kwa mikwingwirima, vwende limapindika. Kupalira kumachitika pofunikira.
Ntchito yofunikira pakukula kwa mavwende m'malo otseguka imaseweredwa ndi kuthirira vwende. Zomera zikayamba kuchepa, zimayamba kukulira, kuphuka ndikupereka ovary. Kuthirira kwambiri kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa zotupa ndi zipatso, ndipo mavwende nawonso amasiya shuga wawo ndikakhala madzi. Kuzindikira zofunikira za mbeu zikuthandizira kuwona momwe vwende limamera, ndipo chithunzichi chikuwonetsa njira yothirira madzi omwe amalola chinyezi kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera:
- Nthawi zambiri, bola ngati palibe thumba losunga mazira pa vwende, mbewu ndizochepa kuthirira, kupewa mapangidwe ambiri akuwombera.
- Pamene thumba losunga mazira lipangidwe kale ndipo likukula, kuthilira kumakulirakulira.
- Mwezi umodzi tsiku loti akhwime atatsala pang'ono kukwana, mavwende amachedwa kuthirira kuti zipatso zimatha kutsekemera komanso kununkhira.
Nthawi zambiri, kuyambira alimi a vwende amakhala ndi funso: "Chifukwa chiyani vwende ikusweka ndikuyamba kuwola m'mundamu? Mwachidziwikire, cholakwikacho chimapezeka mu madzi othirira komanso kukula kwake.
Nthawi zambiri, zipatso zimasokonekera, ikadzatha nyengo, thumba losunga mazira mu kamodzi limalandira chinyezi chambiri.
Zowonongeka za zipatso zimawonedwanso ngati mavwende akukhazikika agona panthaka yonyowa. Chifukwa chake, pansi pa ovary iliyonse, alimi a vwende amalangizidwa kuti azilowa m'malo amtundu kapena chikwangwani. Zowonongeka zitha kupewedwa ngati, mukukula mavwende m'malo otseguka, gwiritsani ntchito trellises ndikusintha zipatso zolemera ndi ukonde kapena nsalu.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, tsinani chomera cha melon pambuyo pa tsamba lachitatu kapena lachinayi ndikupangitsa kuti nthambi zikhale zowawa. Pamene thumba losunga mazira 5-6 likapangidwa pamtengowo, nsonga zaulere zam'mimba zimadulidwa, ndikusiya mapepala awiri mpaka atatu. Kupitilira apo, pamene akukula pachomera, maluwa osafunikira ndi mphukira zopanda kanthu amaziduladula, kotero kuti mphamvu zonse za vwende zimapita kukadzaza ndi kucha zipatso zomwe zimapangidwa kale.
Kuveka zovala zapamwamba pafupipafupi kuyenera kuthandiza mbewu iyi, yoyambayo imachitika ngakhale tsamba loyambira limayamba. Pakadali pano, feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous amayambitsidwa pansi pa mavwende, kenako umuna ndi michere ndi michere imasinthidwa. Ndondomeko yodyetsa imatha kusintha. Nthawi zambiri, pafupipafupi kuthirira ndi feteleza njira ndi masiku 10-14.
Pa maluwa ambiri, ndibwino kuti mbewu ziziphatikiza potaziyamu-phosphorous. Ndipo kuvala pamwamba kumatsirizidwa pachizindikiro choyamba cha kucha kwa mavwende omwe ayamba.
Musaiwale kuti mavwende ndi ma gourgi amadziunjikira mosavuta mankhwala ochulukirapo ndipo, makamaka ngati alibe kuwala, amatha kukhala magwero a nitrate owopsa. Chifukwa chake, ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni, matumbo a vwende ayenera kukhala osamala.
Momwe mungakulire vwende kunyumba
Ngati mukuyesetsa pang'ono komanso kukhala oleza mtima, ndiye mavwende okoma amatha kudulidwa kuchokera ku chomera chomwe chimamera pawokha kapena khonde. Choyamba, kwa vwende, muyenera kusankha mphika kapena chidebe chokwanira, chokhala ndi mainchesi osachepera 20. Drainage ndiyokhazikitsidwa pansi pamphika, ndipo nthaka ingagwiritsidwe ntchito chimodzimodzi ndi omwe amabzala mbande.
Ngati pamabedi otambalala mabowo omwe akukula amatha kugona pansi mwakachetechete, ndiye kuti mutha kukulira vwende kunyumba, kokha pogwiritsa ntchito trellis. Pakumera, misomali imakhazikika pa iye, koma popeza mbewuyo ili ndi dothi laling'ono, imadzala vwende kukhala tsinde limodzi.
Tisaiwale kuti mavwende amafunikira kwambiri pakuwunikira, chifukwa chachikulu cholephera kukulitsa mbewuyi pamakhonde, pazenera zawindo kapena m'malo otetemera ndi kusowa kwa kuwala. Mutha kulipirira polinganiza kuwala kwowonjezera kwa LED komwe kumakwaniritsa zosowa zamasamba kwa maola 14-16 patsiku.
Kuti apulumutse chinyezi, kuti maudzu asamere ndi kuperekera vwende ndi kutentha kwa dothi pafupifupi 20-25 ° C, pansi pamathandala ndi filimu kapena zinthu zina zapadera. Kupereka chinyezi kumatha kuperekedwa ku dongosolo la kuthirira kwa madontho mwakuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amaperekedwa, kutengera ndi momwe vwende limakulira.
Mitengo yokhazikika panyumba ikakhala kukula kwa nkhonya, mphukira zowonjezereka, maluwa ndi pamwamba pazotupa zazikulu zimang'ambika. Kunyumba, ndibwino kusiya zosaposa mazira atatu pachomera chimodzi, chomwe chimamangirizidwa ndi trellis pogwiritsa ntchito ukonde kapena minofu yofewa.
