Posachedwa, patha zaka 30 kuchokera pamene ndinakhala nzilimwe. Ndinakumbukira magawo ena a zomwe ndachita panthawiyi ndipo ndidasankha kuti chidziwitso changa chitha kukhala chothandiza kwa owerenga a Botanychka. Ndigawa pang'ono.
Ndinagula nyumba yodzaza ndi munda m'munda wamba wa Russia, womwe uli m'mphepete mwa Volga reservoir chachikulu m'chigawo cha Tver, mu 1984. Kunena mosabisa mawu, zomwe anthuwa adapeza zinali zopanda chiyembekezo: chilichonse chidawoneka choyambirira komanso chosasamalidwa - nyumba komanso munda womwe. Koma mkazi wanga, abale ndi abwenzi anali achichepere, ali ndi chiyembekezo, changu komanso malingaliro owala. Ndipo ndimayenera "kulenga" pafupifupi kuyambira poyambira. Ngakhale panali ntchito zambiri zomangamanga, zidaganiziridwa kuti zoyamba kugula mbande za mundawo, chifukwa malowo adalibe: palibe mtengo, kapena duwa. Eni ake akale, kupatula mbatata ndi nkhaka, sizinawonekere kubzala chilichonse.
Mothandizidwa ndi abwenzi, ndinakwanitsa kulowa mu umodzi mwa malo odyera pafupi ndi Moscow, zikuwoneka kuti ndikugwira ntchito pazogawa za Soviet-nthawi za VIP. Zomwe zinali pomwepo! Tinagula mbande ziwiri za mitengo ya apulo osankhika, mitengo isanu ndi itatu ya honeysuckle. Ndipo adakhulupirira zokonda za antchito. Anatilangizitsa mbandezo kuti nzika za Muscovites-chilimwe panthawiyo zinali m'mafashoni: mbande za lemongrass, quince, ankamva chitumbuwa, barberry, actinidia. Ndiyenera kunena nthawi yomweyo kuti tchire tambiri tambiri tidagula pachabe. Chifukwa chake, tchire la Actinidia nthawi yomweyo linatola amphaka ndi agalu kuchokera kumudzi wonse, mwachidziwikire chifukwa cha zinthu zina zomwe zinali mmenemo, momwe nyama izi "mabasta", zimakhazikika pansi ndikugwedezeka mwamphamvu nthawi yomweyo. Felry chitumbuwa chinabala zipatso zingapo kwa zaka zingapo, kenako ndikuuma (panali baka 8).
The mugonia ndi holly mu mawonekedwe mawonekedwe.
Barberry anayamba kukula bwino (komanso baka 8). Masamba okhala tchire anali amitundu yosiyanasiyana, amawoneka okongoletsa kwambiri, koma pamalopo adatenga malo ambiri, ngakhale adabzalidwa pafupi ndi linga m'mbali mwa malowo. Mkaziyo anali ndi kuleza mtima kutola zipatso za barberry kokha nyengo ziwiri, chifukwa anakwiya kwambiri ndi minga. Ndinafunika kukumba baka lokongola kale, lokongola komanso lamphamvu, ndikuzinyamula mu trailer yamagalimoto ndikupita nawo kwa abwenzi omwe ali ndi chiwembu chachikulu. Mawonekedwe pa kayendedwe ankawoneka bwino kwambiri - munda wokongoletsa wonse wama mawilo.
Chitsamba chimodzi cha lemongrass chatsala kuti chikule pamalopo mpaka pano, koma chimabala bwino. Mkazi amatenga chikho cha zipatso ndikuwapanga kukhala tincture wa mowa wamphamvu. Chakumwa ndichabwino, sichokwanira. Kukhutira komwe kumatsalira kwa nazale ya VIP ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya apulo (amatikondweretsabe ndi zipatso zochulukirapo, ngakhale atakalamba) komanso mtengo wotsika kwambiri wazogula zonse (makamaka munda wonse) - 16 rubles 30 kopecks. Ndidzabzala chiyani m'mundawu m'malo mwa tchire lomwe silinakhalepo mizu? Kusankha kwanga kudagwera mahonia.
Ma infororescence a mahonia holly. © Malchen53Kufotokozera kwa Magonia
Izi ndi wachibale wa barberry. Mitundu ya zitsamba zobiriwira zoterezi zomwe zimachokera ku banja la barberry (Berberaceae) ndizofala pamakontinenti ambiri, pakati pawo pali North America yolimba yozizira, yomwe imatha kukula ndi ife. Dzinali linaperekedwa polemekeza msungwana wam'munda waku America a Bernard Mack Magon, yemwe adayang'ana pamtengowu ndipo adafotokoza koyamba mu 1806. Mosiyana ndi barberry, mphukira za mahogany zilibe minga. Chodziwika kwambiri chomwe tili nacho ndi magimoni. Ndi shrub yobiriwira mpaka mamita 1. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala zofiirira, kenako zofiirira. Masamba ndi achikopa, chonyezimira pamwamba, chobiriwira chakuda, chosalala pansi, chobiriwira (paubwana ndi chofiyira). Masamba okongola kwambiri nthawi yozizira - mkuwa wofiira. Ma inflorescence achikasu ali kumapeto kwa mphukira. Zipatso - zipatso zosachedwa kufalikira mpaka 1 masentimita, lilac yamtundu wamtambo, msuzi wofiira, wowawasa, masekeli 0,1-0,5 g ... Sonkhanitsani zipatso ndi maburashi - omwe ali ofulumira komanso osavuta, kapena kuwachotsera kutali ndi mapesi, ngati zipatso yomweyo apita kukonzanso.
Tchire laling'ono la mahonia holly. © Jason HollingerZothandiza zimatha mahonia
Kupanga tchire la mahonia kumadalira mikhalidwe yoyipitsidwa. Ngati kupukutidwa kwa mtanda kudakhala kopambana, ndiye mbewuyo imatha kumera ndi zipatso. Poganizira zazing'onozing'ono, mpaka 2,5 makilogalamu zipatso zitha kupezeka kuchokera kwa munthu wamkulu.
Zipatso ndizofunika kwambiri pazakudya zopatsa thanzi. Muli zinthu monga shuga, ma organic acid, ma tannins, P-yogwira ndi pectin, komanso ascorbic acid ambiri. Zipatso zimatha kusungidwa zatsopano kwa nthawi yayitali ngatiaziwazidwa ndi shuga, koma siziperewera, chifukwa wamaluwa amapanga timadziti tambiri, ma compotes, ndi ma vin. Zotsalazo ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa ine, chifukwa ndimakonda kupanga vinyo wopangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso, kuphatikizapo mphesa. Ndimakonda kulawa ma vin anga ndikuwapatsa abwenzi. Zipatso zimawonjezedwanso monga kuphatikiza mu kupanikizana, zakudya komanso mbatata zosenda.
Zipatso za mahonia holly. © H. ZellMizu ya magnesium imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala chifukwa cha zipatso zambiri za Berberine mwa iwo - chinthu chomwe chimagwira ndi antibacterial. Kafukufuku watsopano akuwonetsa kuthekera kwa chinthu ichi poletsa kukula kwa zotupa. Pali zidziwitso zakulephera kapena kuwonongeka kwa zipatso za mahonia. Koma izi siziri choncho. Inde, zipatso zonse za barberry ndi mahonia zimakhala ndi ma alkaloids, omwe amapezeka kwambiri mu mbewu ndi makungwa a mbewu. Ma alkaloid awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, chifukwa ali ndi choleretic, diuretic komanso anti-yotupa. Koma mu zamkati mwa zipatso zawo ndizochepa, ndizothandiza ngakhale panjira yopewetsa, ngakhale chifukwa cha kusamala, zipatsozi sizilimbikitsidwa kwa amayi apakati. M'malo mwa zipatso za barberry, zimayikidwa mu pilaf.
Kufalikira kwa mahonia
Kufalitsa mbewu za mahonia, muzu, kugawana, zobiriwira komanso zodula. Njira yofalitsira mbewu pofesa mbewu ndiyosavuta kwambiri: zimafesedwa mukakolola mu nthawi yayitali, nthaka isanasambe (kumene, nthangala za zipatso zokhwima ziyenera kutsukidwa kuchokera pa zamkati). Ndikothekanso kubzala mbewu za magonium mchaka, komabe, mwanjira iyi kuyambirananso mumchenga wonyowa kapena utuchi kumafunika (mkati mwa miyezi itatu mpaka inayi pa kutentha kwa madigiri 0-5). Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupanga magawo a mvula m'chaka, kuti nthawi yachilimwe apange mizu, ndipo kumapeto, mbewu zazing'ono zimakhala zokonzeka kuziika kumalo osatha.
Zambiri pamera wa mahonia ndi zipatso. © J BrewMaudzu obiriwira komanso olembetsedwa a mahonia muzu wokwanira, nthawi zambiri amadulidwa ndi impso zisanu ndi zinayi. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi kumayambiriro kwamasika, ngakhale kutupa kwa impso, koma ndizotheka kugwa.
Magonia amafunika chisamaliro chochepa. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomera zopanda phindu kwambiri pachikhalidwe chathu, ndizosavuta komanso zosangalatsa kuzomera. Ngakhale ndikudulira, simungakhale anzeru: ndikokwanira kuchotsa nthawi zonse nthambi zodwala, zosweka kapena zofooka. Kwa tizirombo ndi matenda, mbewuyo ndi yokhazikika, yosagwira kwambiri chisanu, molimbika nthawi yozizira komanso popanda pogona. Komabe, ngati nthawi yozizira ili ndi chipale chofewa, ndibwino kuti muziisewera motetezeka ndikuphimba mbewu ndi masamba owuma, utuchi, nthambi za spruce kapena kuwaza ndi chipale chofewa (makamaka mchaka choyamba cha kukula).
Matendawa amatulutsa maluwa © Hugo.argAchinyamata ambiri okonda masewera amakonda kupititsa patsogolo kufalitsa zamatsenga mwa kubzala mitengo yobiriwira kapena yoluka. Kumayambiriro koyambirira, amadula masamba odula, kuchotsa masamba kwa iwo ndikuyika mumtsuko wamadzi, womwe umasungidwa panja pamthunzi. Kudula kwa mahoni kuyenera kumizidwa m'madzi pafupifupi kwathunthu, kupatulapo impso ziwiri zapamwamba. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa miyezi iwiri, mizu imapangidwa pazodulidwa. Akafika kutalika kwa masentimita 5-7, zodulidwa ndi mizu zimabzalidwa pansi, yokutidwa ndi mtsuko wagalasi kapena chidebe china chowonekera cha pulasitiki. Pafupifupi masiku khumi mutabzala, mutha kuyamba kuumitsa, pang'onopang'ono kutsegulira zotengera, potero kumapereka mpweya wabwino kwa mbewu zazing'ono. Magonia amakonda dothi lonyowa, lolemera mousy, koma limatha kumera panthaka youma komanso youma. Poterepa, zimakulirakulira. Kuphatikiza apo, dothi lolemerali ndi locheperachepera, limakulitsa luso la mahonia, ndipo izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti munthu apeze zokolola zabwino.
Oberetsa amalimbikitsa mitundu iwiri ya mahonia pakukula - Bluemun ndi Bluklaud, chifukwa ali ndi zipatso zokulirapo. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti alimi odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa aletsedwa kupeza mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri ya mahonia. Kuphatikiza pa ma holly magonia omwe amabzala m'minda ndikubala zipatso, mtundu wapafupi nawo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito - matsenga oyenda, osadziwika pachikhalidwe komanso ngakhale m'munsi chitsamba, mpaka 0,5 m wamtali. Amachokera ku North America. Kunja, zimasiyana pang'ono ndi zam'mbuyomu, koma sizothandiza kwenikweni poyerekeza ndi zina zapamadzi zapamadzi. Koma zamtunduwu ndizochulukirapo nthawi ya chisanu. Ngakhale pafupi ndi Arkhangelsk nthawi yamvula ilibe pogona, imabala ndipo imabala zipatso. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito matsenga a zokwawa ngati malo okongoletsera chaka chonse, mwachitsanzo, kumapiri a mapiri ndipo makamaka m'malo ovuta a kumpoto. Mphukira zake zimamera mosavuta.
Ma infororescence a mahonia holly. © Maja DumatP.S. Monga ndidanenera, ndimaona kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso zabwino kwambiri patsamba langa ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira vinyo wosapangidwira. Chingakhale chabwino kuposa kuchitira abale anu okondedwa, abale ndi anzanu vinyo! Ndikukudziwitsani kuti lero ndimakonda kupanga vin kuchokera ku zipatso ndi zipatso zotsatirazi: maapulo, ma currants ofiira, akuda currants, gooseberries, raspberries ndi viburnum. Posachedwa ndidayamba kupanga vinyo kuchokera ku mphesa. Ndimadandaula kuti ndinayamba kukula mochedwa. Anzathu, ukadaulo waulimi pakukula mphesa uyenera kusungidwa bwino: umabala zipatso ndikubereka bwino. Tithokoza mwana wanga wamwamuna, amene amadziwa kudulira mphesa, kenako mphesa zinayamba kukolola bwino. Mafuta a Gooseberry amayendayenda bwino, popanda chifukwa gooseberries amatchedwa mphesa za Siberia. Magonia ku United States imatchedwa mphesa za Oregon, zikuwonekanso chifukwa china. Zimangoyambira kukulitsa ndikuyesa mu winemaking.
