Kukhazikika kwa mavwende mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe kumayembekezeredwa mwachidwi ndi onse akulu ndi ang'ono. Zinangochitika kuti mdziko lathu, komwe madera ambiri ali m'dera langozi zaulimi, ndi chikhalidwe chakumwera ichi chomwe chimakonda kwambiri chikondi. Maphika amadzi okoma, otsekemera samangomaliza ludzu m'masiku otentha, zimasangalatsa kulawa, kusangalatsa kosangalatsa ndipo ndi gwero lazinthu zambiri zothandiza.
Mu watermelon wakucha pali ascorbic ndi folic acid, magnesium, chitsulo ndi potaziyamu, fiber fiber ndi pectins.
Koma kodi mungadziwe bwanji zobisika pansi pa khungu lobiriwira. Momwe mungadziwire kukhwima kwa chivwende kuti, kamodzi patebulo, mabulosi odulidwa asakhumudwitse, kuwulula kwa nyama yosawoneka bwino yapinki?
Ngati mavwende atakula okhaokha, simungadandaule za mtundu wawo, koma zipatso zomwe zimagulidwa nthawi zina, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe ake, zimabweretsa zodabwitsa zambiri. Kusagwirizana ndi ukadaulo waulimi, malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito feteleza ndi kusunga mavwende amakhala ndi chiwopsezo cha poizoni. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti musathe kusiyanitsa zipatso zakupsa zokha, komanso kudziwa momwe mungasankhire mavwende oyenera omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino.
Chiyambireni cha mavwende
Lero mutha kugula mavwende m'misika yayikulu nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Kukonzedwa ndi mankhwala osungirako kapena obzala m'malo obiriwira, zipatso zokoma zochokera kumakona akutali adziko lapansi zimafika mosavuta pazowerengera za Russia. Kodi ndizotheka kuzifanizira ndi mavwende omwe amabzala panthaka, m'munda wamalimwe, dzuwa lotentha? Kutengera kupsa kwa zipatso zazikulu, titha kunena.
Ma watermelon oyambirira kucha pa mavwende amatha kuwoneka mu Julayi kokha, ndipo unyinji wa mphatso za chilimwezi umayamba pakati pa Ogasiti ndipo umatha mpaka Okutobala.
Kuphatikiza apo, chivwende choyambirira chimagunda zotsutsa, chiopsezo chokhala ndi ma nitrate ndi ma mankhwala ena owopsa mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula mu chipatso. Chifukwa chake musathamangire, chifukwa ndikosavuta kusankha chivwende chabwino chikapsa kwambiri. Nyengo yakucha ya mavwende imagwirizana ndi nthawi ya maswiti ambiri azipatso.
Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kupsa kwa chivwende ndi mawonekedwe a khungwa?
Masiku ano, alimi ndi okhala pachilimwe ali nako mitundu yambiri ndi mavwende amatsenga okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana ndi mtundu wa makungwa. Oberetsa amapereka kubala zipatso osati kokha ndi red ofiira kapena pinki zamkati, komanso achikasu komanso oyera. Nthawi yomweyo, palibe wasayansi m'modzi yemwe adatha kupanga chomera, mwa mawonekedwe a zipatso zake zomwe zingatheke kudziwa nthawi yomweyo kupsa kwa chivwacho m'munda.
Ndipo pali zizindikiro zingapo zamomwe mungasankhire mavwende akacha. Posankha mwana wosabadwayo, amatenga chidwi ndi mawonekedwe a peel, kuwala kwa mapikidwewo ndi kupezeka kwa zowonongeka zamitundu mitundu. Ndi kulemera konse kwamitundu yomwe ilipo ya mavwende, mawonekedwe pa khungwa amayenera kukhala owoneka bwino, ndipo mtundu wa zipatso zowonekera uzikhala wofanana. Mavwende okhala ndi mawonekedwe osavomerezeka kapena mawonekedwe osasangalatsa amakhala bwino pambali. Kupatula apo, izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha kusakhazikika kwa mabulosi, komanso chizindikiro cha matendawa, mwachitsanzo, zithunzi zamtundu wa viral.
- Mavwende, omwe si nthawi yoti achoke mavwende, amakhala ndi khungwa la matte.
- Pazipatso zakupsa, peelyo imakhala yowoneka bwino komanso yolimba mpaka kufika povuta kubowola ndi chala, koma mutha kungolaza wosanjikiza pamwamba.
- Kuphatikiza apo, mu chivwende chosapsa, khungwa lowonongeka limatulutsa madzi ndikuwapatsa fungo la zitsamba.
Malinga ndi zomwe ambiri awonera, kuchokera ku mavwende okhala ndi waya muyenera kusankha omwe ali ndi mtunda wotalika pakati pa zingwe zakuda.
Koma kodi mungasankhe bwanji chivwende chokoma ngati chiri chonse chobiriwira kapena, mosiyana, choyera? Ndipo pamenepa, mukagula chipatso chamtundu wamitundu, muyenera kumverera musanayambe kusankha chivwende. Ngati ma denti, ming'alu kapena zolakwika zina za pakhungu zikapezeka pamtunda, palibe malo okhala ndi tebulo patebulopo, chifukwa tizilombo tosaoneka bwino, majeremusi ndi mabakiteriya amalowa mosavuta m'malo owonongeka. Simuyenera kugula chivwende chokhala ndi khungubwe, yoyaka ndi chala. Ndizosadabwitsa ngati, podula chivwende chotere, zamkati, zonyowa, zamadzimadzi zimapezeka mkati.
Ndipo zina zokhala ndi vuto lopanda maonekedwe komanso mawonekedwe a khungu pamtunda wam'mphepete mwa nyamayo zimatha kuwonetsa khungu kapena chiphuphu, chomwe chimapangitsa kukula kwa zamkati ndikuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe abwino.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mavwende kukula kwake ndi utoto wa dothi?
Zipatso zomwe zimakhwima pa vwende zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe pa peel - malo omwe mavwende amakumana ndi nthaka. M'derali, peel sinalandire kuwala kwa dzuwa, chlorophyll chochepa kwambiri sichinapangidwe pano.
Kuti muwone kupsa kwa chivwende pakama kapena pa kontrakitala, samalani kukula, mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa malowo:
- Makungwa pano sayenera kukhala owonongeka kapena ofewa kuposa madera ena.
- Palibe mikwingwirima panthaka. Izi zikusonyeza kuti chivwende sichinasokonekere pakukula.
Malowa, pafupifupi, osapitirira 7-12 cm, ayenera kukhala achikasu, ngati mthunziwo uli pafupi ndi zoyera, ndibwino kugona pabedi kwa milungu ingapo.
Kodi ndizotheka kusankha chivwende chotsekemera pa phesi louma?
Kodi pali maupangiri ena pamomwe mungasankhire mavwende? Nthawi zambiri mumatha kumva zonena kuti mutha kusankha mavwende okoma potenga mabulosi okhala ndi mchira wowuma. Koma bwanji ngati chivwende chiribe choyambira konsekasitomala, kapena mwazizindikiro zonse mabulosi ali pabedi safuna kuti azisiyana ndi zomwe abala?
Zowonadi, kuti mwana wakhanda amene wakhwima, mchira umayamba kuuma:
- Podziwa izi, amalonda achinyengo samatulutsa mavwende obiriwira, ndipo mapesiwo amawuma pomwe amawanyamula ndikusunga.
- Kuphatikiza apo, mchirawo ungathenso kuuma chifukwa cha kupindika kapena kuthyoka kwa nthawi yayitali masamba asanafike.
- Komanso, ndikudalira phesi louma, mutha kubweretsa chivwende chowuma patebulo.
Chifukwa chake, kudalira kwambiri izi sikuyenera.
Ndizodalirika kwambiri kusamala ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za mavwende akakhwima, koma nthawi yomweyo kuphatikiza kwawo.
Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, mabulosi otsekemera, okonzekera kusonkhanitsa, peduncle imakhala yosalala, yokhala ndi tsitsi limatsika kuchokera pamenepo, yomwe imakhalapo pomwe chivwende sichikhala chochepa. Ngati mavwende akakula mdziko muno, kudziwa momwe mavwende m'munda amatha kukhala mizere inanso. Mwachitsanzo, alimi a vwende akudziwa bwino kuti tinyanga titalumikizana ndi tsinde la chivwende ku chikwapu chimapukuta, ikafika nthawi yoti ayankhe zipatso. Komanso, pamalo pomwe duwa kale, nthawi yakucha sipadzaza kanthu.
Momwe mungasankhire mavwende abwino mwakulemera?
Ndipo ku China ndi mayiko ena a ku Asia, akasonkhanitsa mavwende, amagwiritsa ntchito chinthu china chosangalatsa pa zipatsozi. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwazomwe zili mkati, mavwende oyipidwa ndi opepuka kuposa madzi ndipo nthawi zonse amayandama pamwamba. Kutengera izi, chikwangwani china china chitha kupangidwira momwe mungasankhire mavwende apsa. Mwa zipatso ziwiri zofanana, umodzi womwe ndi wopepuka umakhala wabwino.
Komabe, palinso ena. Ngati kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe kunali kuzizira, nyengo yamvula, zinthu sizimaperekedwa pokhapokha kuti izi zimapangitsa mapangidwe a mavwende, ndipo voids sanakhale mkati mwawo. Zipatsozo ngakhale zokhwima zimawoneka zochepa kwambiri, ndipo zimayandikira pakati pa minofuyo.
Ponena za kulemera kwa chivwende chokha, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, kugula chisomo chokoma, ndikwanzeru kupereka zokonda pa zipatso zapakati. Ndipo kale mkati mwa mavwende pores, mutha kusangalala ndi zimphona zenizeni zolemera 7 mpaka 15 kg.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji chivwende chabwino ndi mawu?
Mutha kuwona momwe, kudziwa momwe chivwende chimauluka, ogula kapena ogulitsa amagula pang'onopang'ono kapena kufinya chipatso ndi manja awo:
- Poyankha kugogoda, chivwende chakucha champhamvu chimamveka champhamvu, ngati chipatso sichinakonzekere kukhala patebulo, echo limakhala losalala komanso losamveka.
- Akamezedwa, chivwende chabwino chimatha kuwonongeka pang'ono, chipatso chobiriwira sichimatulutsa zotere.
Ngati njira zomwe zili pamwambazi posankha mtundu wa mwana wosabadwa sizinayankhe bwino funso la momwe mungasankhire mavwende akakhwima, vidiyoyi ingathandize kumvetsetsa bwino chilichonse.
Chinthu chachikulu mukasankha mavwende apamwamba kwambiri, osawoneka bwino ndikuti musaiwale kuti kupambana kumatheka ngati zizindikiro zonse zomwe zimaganiziridwa zimaganiziridwa.
Anthu okhala pachilimwe omwe amalima mavwende m'mabedi awo samadera nkhawa za zipatsozo. Amadziwa motsimikiza kuti kutsatira malamulo aukadaulo aulimi, zipatso zabwino zokha popanda zipatso zambiri za nitrate, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi utoto ndizokolola kuchokera ku vwende.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji chivwende chabwino?
Koma momwe mungasankhire mavwende abwino pamalonda ogulitsa kapena mu hema wamasamba? Kodi ogulitsa onse angakhale odalirika, komanso momwe angadzitetezere ku zipatso zosakhala bwino?
Pofikira pa kontrakitala, muyenera kumvetsera mwamavalidwe ndi kuvala mavwende. M'magawo a malonda amsewu, ogulitsa mavwende ndi ma gourds, ma penti apadera ayenera kukhala okonzedwa, okhala ndi ma pallet ndi awnings, kuteteza mavwende kuti asakhudzane ndi dothi ndi dzuwa. Mu sitolo, mavwende amayikidwanso pamatumba kapena mabasiketi ndipo osakhudza pansi.
Popeza mnofu wa chivwende nthawi yomweyo amatenga uve wocheperako, fumbi limakhazikika, ndipo maluwa a pathogenic amachulukana bwino ndi mnofu wokoma, ndizosatheka kugula zipatso zokhala ndi ming'alu ndi ma notches mulimonse.
Ndikwabwino kukana kugula chivwende ngati wogulitsa sangapereke mapepala otsimikizira mtundu komanso chitetezo cha mavwende. Zikalata ndi satifiketi zotere zimawonetsa malo omwe phwandolo limakhalira, tsiku lokolola ndi nthawi yomwe ntchito yake idatha. Chikalata chochokera ku labotale yapadera chimatsimikizira kuti palibe zinthu zovulaza thanzi m'mavembe.
