Kuphatikiza masamba mphesa

Gawo 1. Mphesa wobadwa kuti upatse moyo wosafa
Gawo 2. Zomwe zimayang'anira ntchito ya mpesa
Gawo 3. Mpesa uyenera kuvutika. Kudulira
Gawo 4 Kuteteza mphesa ku matenda a fungus
Gawo 5. Kuteteza mphesa ku tizirombo
Gawo 6. Kufalikira kwamasamba a mphesa
Gawo 7. Kufalitsa mphesa pomalumikiza
Gawo 8. Magulu ndi mitundu ya mphesa

Mpesa, monga mbewu zina, umatha kubereka mwanjira yazomera ndi mbewu. Ndi kubereka kwakunyumba, kufalitsa mbewu sikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, tiona njira zam'mene zimayambira, zomwe zimachitika ndikudula (wobiriwira, malo otentha, chisanu), kugawana, ana ndi vaccinations.

Maziko a kufalikira kwa zomeretsa ndikubwezeretsa kwa mbewu yonse kuchokera ku ziwalo zina popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolimbikitsa ya kukula ndi kukula kwa gawo lolekanitsidwa. Zomera zodzidulira zomata ndi maudzu zimatha kutchedwa kuti cloning, chifukwa zibwereza zomwe zimabzala m'chinthu chilichonse.

Mphesa © Derek Markham

Kusankhidwa ndi kusungidwa kwa cutter yozizira

Cholinga chachikulu cha kubereka ndikupeza mbewu zochulukirapo zomwe zili ndi mitundu yambiri ya mbeu: chonde, zipatso, kuthana chisanu, zina zambiri, koma palibe amene angakutsimikizireni kuti mwagulitsa mbande zomwe mukufuna . Chifukwa chake, ndikwabwino kudziyimira pawokha mitundu ya mphesa yomwe mukufuna.

Kutha kwa kufalikira kwamasamba mu mpesa kunayambika mkati mwa chisinthiko. Zigawo zonse za mphesa zimatha kupanga mizu (masamba a masamba, miyendo ya inflorescence ndi zipatso, zigawo za mizu), koma kokha mphukira zokha zimapanga (kubwezeretsa) mbewu yonse ya mayi. Impso, zomwe zimapangidwa m'mphindi zamasamba zomwe zimakhala pamphesa ya mpesa, ndizoyang'anira kubwezeretsa kwatsopano kwa chamoyocho. Impso izi zimatchedwa axillary, komanso nthawi yachisanu kapena maso. Ndi omwe adapeza ndikuphatikiza kuphatikizanso ziwalo zonse za chomera cha mayi.

Kuti mupeze chomera chatsopano chopanda thanzi, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ochepa:

Kusankhaku kuyenera kuchitika kokha kuchokera kuchitsamba chamatenda chopanda thanzi bwino ndi zipatso, zipatso zabwino, kukana matenda ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizirombo, kuthekera kwakukulu kupanga mizu yatsopano pa mphukira yam'mera.
M'dzinja lokonzekera zodulidwa, timasankha mphukira ndi awiri a mamilimita 7-10, omwe adayesedwa chilimwe.
Ndikwabwino kukolola zodulidwa kuchokera ku mphukira yomwe ili pam mfundo yolowa m'malo kapena pakati pa muvi.
Timachotsa ziwalo zonse zakudimba kuchokera ku mpesa wopatula (tinyanga, masamba, masitepe, masamba obiriwira osakhwima).
Dulani zodulidwazo ndi kutalika kwa maso a 2-4. Tidadula mbali yakumapeto ya nyumbayo, ndikubwerera m'mbuyo mpaka masentimita awiriwiri kuchokera kumaso am'maso pa 45 *. Pamwambapa amalidula osagwirizana ndi mtima wofuna impso, 1.5-2.0 masentimita.
M'munsi mwa chogwirira, timapweteka mabala ang'onoang'ono, ndikudula makungwa m'malo 2-3. Ndikwabwino kukanda mabala ndi singano yopyapyala. Mikwingwirima yosalala (kwa cambial wosanjikiza) imathandizira mapangidwe a mizu.
Zodulidwa zimayikidwa mumtsuko ndi madzi kwa maola 10-15, kenako kwa maola 1-2 mu yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate yopanda matenda (3-4%).
Timapukuta ndi kupukuta mu filimu, ndikuyika mosungira.
Mutha kusunga zodula mpaka kumapeto kwa firiji, pansi kapena pansi. Pa loko, timayang'anira chitetezo cha kudula, kutembenuza mozondoka.

Kudula mphesa. © Emma Cooper

Mizu ya cutting yozizira

Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa February, pamene zodula zikupuma mokakamizidwa, timazichotsa posungira ndikuwunika chitetezo. Ngati dontho lamadzi liziwoneka mukamakanikizira pamtanda ndi kumapeto kwamaso kwa sattiurs, ndiye kuti chogwiriracho ndi chamoyo. Madzi akayamba kugundika osakakamira, phesi limawola likasungidwa bwino.
Zodulidwa zokhazikika zimanyowa kwa masiku 1-2 m'madzi ofunda, ndikuziisintha mwatsopano.
Kwa masiku 2-3, tsitsani kumapeto, tsitsani zodulidwazo kukhala chidebe ndi yankho la mizu (muzu, heteroauxin) kwa maola 20-24. Timasiya masamba atatu pachimake, kudula ena onse.
Wokonzedwera masamba, zodula kuti zibzzungulidwe kamodzi mu mabotolo pansi pamadzi amchere, kudula gawo laling'ono lomwe m'mbuyomu kapena magalasi a pulasitiki amtali.

M'matanki okonzekera kuzika mizu, pansi, timabowola timabowo tiwiri totsekeramo madzi ndi kuthilira kwamadzi panthawi yothirira. Timayika timiyala ta timiyala kapena mchenga wowuma. Timakonza dothi losakanikirana ndi dothi ndi humus (1: 1), ndikuthira mbali ina ndi dengalo la masentimita 5-7 kuti litulu.

Nthaka imapangidwa bwino ndikuthirira. Pakati pa dothi losakanizika ndi kapu, zodulidwa zimabzalidwa mpaka 4-5 cm, komanso m'botolo kuti impso yapamwamba (diso) ili pamlingo wa kumtunda kwa chidebe. Timathandizira maluso okhala ndi utuchi wazopopera kapena zinthu zina. Phimbani pamwamba ndi kapu ya pulasitiki. Thirani madzi ofunda kudutsa poto tsiku lililonse kapena patatha masiku 1-2. Timayika chidebe ndi zodulidwazo poto ndi madzi kwa mphindi 15-20. Masamba ang'onoang'ono akaphukira kuchokera kumaso ndipo mizu yaying'ono itayamba kuwonekera pa makoma owonekera, mbewuzo zimapangika masiku angapo. Zodulidwa mizu zimatchedwa mbande zomwe zimakula bwino ndipo zakonzeka kubzala kwamuyaya.

Mizu yodula mphesa. © Emma Cooper

Alimi ena, kuti asavutike ndi zida zopangira mizu, musavutike. Kukumba ngalande pakuya kwa zodulidwa, kuthiriridwa. Madzi atamwetsedwa, wosanjikiza wa 8-10 masentimita osakanikirana ndi dothi umatsanulidwa pansi pa ngalandeyo ndikudula ndikudula, ndikukukulitsa ndi 4-5 masentimita. Amakutidwa ndi chosakanizika china cha dothi losakanikirana, ndikuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda ndikuphimba kwathunthu madulidwewo ndikusakaniza dothi, ndikupanga mulu pamwamba. Kutsirira kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata, ndi madzi ofunda mumtsinje woonda (nthaka siyingatsukidwe) m'mphepete mwa ngalawo. Mphukira zokhala ndi masamba zikaonekera pamwamba pa chitunda, ndiye kuti zodulazo zimazika mizu. Alimi ena chaka chomwecho adabzalidwa kwachikhalire, ena amasiyidwa kuti azitha kuwonjezeranso nyengo yamasika.

Kufalikira kwa masamba obiriwira

Zodulidwa zobiriwira zimakololedwa kumayambiriro kwa maluwa popanga malinki ndi zinyalala za mphukira zowonjezera zazing'ono. Kudula mphukira kuyenera kuyikidwa nthawi yomweyo m'madzi ndikumapeto. Kenako kuchokera kuwombera kulikonse kuchokera kumunsi ndi pakati timadula timadulidwe tokhala ndi masamba awiri ndi masamba awiri omwe amapezeka mu sinus yawo ndikuwabwezeretsa ku ndowa. Mu zodula zobiriwira, timapanga gawo lotsika pansi pa mfundo yakumunsi, ndikudula pamwamba mpaka chitsa, ndikusiya mtunda wa masentimita 1.0-1.5 pamwamba pa mfundo yapamwamba. Ikani zodulidwazo m'munsi mwake kwa maola 7-8 muzu kapena mu heteroauxin yankho. Zodula mu njira zimakhala pamtunda wa mpweya + 20- + 22 * C ndikuwunika kuyatsa. Musanabzala mu chidebe cha mizu, chotsani pepalali pansi ndi gawo la petiole, ndikudula masamba 1/2 pamwamba.

Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa m'mabokosi okonzedwa pambuyo pa 5-6 masentimita kapena 1 iliyonse mu makapu apulasitiki akuya masentimita 3-4. Timakonza dothi kusakaniza zofanana ndi mizu yozizira yozizira. Timawunikira odulidwa, ndikupanga udzu wobiriwira + 22- + 25 * C wokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Pukusani maidulidwe katatu patsiku ndi madzi ofunda. Timawamasula pamthunzi akayamba kukula. Timasinthasintha ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Timakula m'chilimwe chonse momwe tidakhazikitsira nyengo yachisanu, chifukwa nthawi yozizira timayiyika pansi kapena m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Chapakatikati, nyengo yachisanu itatha, timakhala mumbale yayikulu ndikutulutsa (mutha kuyiyika mu ndowa) ndipo mu Seputembala timasinthira ku station yokhazikika.

Kukula mwa kuyerekezera

Kubwezeretsanso mwa kukhazikika pamzere kumachitika mwachindunji pachitsamba cha mayi. Njira iyi ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa mitundu yokhala ndi mizu yolimbikitsidwa. Mphukira zonse zimadulidwa mchaka kwa maso atatu. Chitsamba chimadyetsedwa ndikuthiriridwa. Mphukira zowonongeka zomwe zakula mpaka 25 cm zimawonedwa. Chotsani zofowoka zowiririka. Ingokhalani okhwima, okhazikika. Mphukira kumanzere umatalikirana ndi 5-10 masentimita ndikusakaniza dothi lokonzekera mwadothi, mchenga, humus (1: 1: 1) ndi kuwonjezera kwa 10-15 g ya nitrophosphate. Masentimita 50 a mphukira amayambiranso ndi zosakanikirana ndi dothi mpaka kutalika kwa 30 cm. Mphukira zokulira zimapangidwa, ndikusiya mphukira pamtunda wa 20-25 cm. Panyengo yonse yachilimwe, mbewu ya mayiyo yokhala ndi mphukira zazing'ono imakhazikika, namsongole amatuta, kudyetsa, kuthiriridwa, kuphatikizidwa katatu pachilimwe kuti michere imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino popanga mizu. Pofika nthawi yophukira, mizu imamera m'dothi la mphukira. Masamba atagwa, dothi limakhazikika ndipo mbande zazing'onoting'ono zazomera zimasiyanitsidwa mosamala ndi secateurs. Zomera zazing'ono zimakhalabe pamtengowu, womwe umadzaphukanso chaka chamawa. Zodulidwa zimayikidwa m'chipinda chapansi kapena polojekiti kuti zisungidwe ndipo kasupeyo amadzalamo kosatha.

Kufalikira kwa kuyala kwammbali (njira yaku China, magawo achi China)

Njira ndi yosavuta, yachangu. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pamitundu yopanda mizu mwachangu.

Chapakatikati, pamene dothi lomwe lili ndi mizu likuwotha mpaka 14- + 15 * C pa tchire la mphesa lotseguka, mphukira yokhala ndi masamba oterera, wozungulira mzere umodzi, imawotchera (ndi masamba atatha masika a masika). M'munda wamphesa wokutira, njirayi imachitidwa atatsegula tchire.
A poyambira amakumbidwa motsatana ndi utali wonsewo wowombera womwe wasankhidwa ndi kuya kwa 10 cm. Pansi pamipanda pamasulidwa ndi mafosholo a 0,5 ndikuyika masentimita 3-5 ndi dothi losakanikirana lokhala ndi magawo ofanana dothi, humus ndi mchenga. Kuthirira kwambiri, koma popanda kusayenda kwamadzi mu poyambira.
Mpesa womwe umapezeka m'matumbo umalowetsa mabala akulu kwambiri autali (wokhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu), osakhudza maso. Mtengo uliwonse wokhala ndi impso (diso) ndi chitsamba chamtsogolo chokhala ndi mizu.
Mtengo wokonzekedwayo wauika bwino m'mphepete mwa poyambira, ndikudina matchera pansi.
Mapeto ake akuwombera ndikumangirizidwa ndikumangiriza ndi zisanu ndi zitatu kumathandizo amatabwa.
Mpesa umakutidwa ndi kusakaniza kwa dothi kotsalira, kophatikizidwa pang'ono, kuthiriridwa ndikuwumbiridwanso.
Malowa amakhala oyera nthawi ya chilimwe, maudzu onse amachotsedwa munthawi yake. Madzi mwadongosolo patatha masiku 10-12. Kutsirira kumalizidwa mu masiku 2-3 a Ogasiti.
Mphukira zomwe zimatuluka m'malo obisika amamangiriridwa zothandizirana (makamaka zamatabwa, kuti zisayake pazitsulo zotentha).
Mphukira zimasinthidwa kangapo pakulima, ndikusiya mpesa osaposa 50-70 cm.

Masamba atagwa, dulani mpesa mosamala ndikuona:

Ngati mphukira yozikika pa mpesa ili yofooka, ndiye kuti imapanikizidwanso ndi chowombera ndikusiyira nyengo yachisanu. Chapakatikati amawadula kuti akhale ndi maso atatu, amadzala nthawi yotentha komanso nthawi yophukira kapena kasupe wotsatira amawabzala mpaka kalekale,
ngati mphukira yolimba ndi mizu yabwino yopanga ndi chiphukira, mpesawo amadulidwa mbande zokulira muzu ndikusungidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa cellar kufikira masika. Ndi isanayambike kutentha, iwo amawokedwa m'malo otha kulima kapena obzalidwa nthawi zonse,
ngati nyengo yozizira ikuyembekezeka, ndipo kuzika mizu kumakhala kofooka, ndiye kuti mpesa wonsewo umasiyanitsidwa ndi chitsamba ndipo, osadula mbali, umayikidwa pansi kuti usungidwe. Chapakatikati, iduliduleni ndikuwoka kuti mukule.