Irises

Chomera monga iris (Iris) chimatchedwanso kuti nsomba ya cockerel kapena chiphe. Chomera chosatha ichi ndi cha genus rhizomatous, kubanja la iris kapena irisaceae (Iridaceae). Mutha kukumana ndi maluwa oterewa pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa pafupifupi mitundu 700 ya mitundu. Duwa la maluwa oterewa limamasuliridwa kuti "utawaleza". Chomera chidatchedwa Hippocrates iyemwini kulemekeza mulungu wamkazi wa utawaleza Iris. Nthano imati panthawi yomwe Prometheus adapatsa moto anthu, utawaleza udawalira - uku kunali kusangalala kwachilengedwe. Utawaleza unawalira masana ndi usiku, ndipo m'mene kuwala kwawunikira padziko lapansi, anthu adadabwa ndi kuwona kwamaluwa okongola modabwitsa otchedwa irises. Amawoneka kwambiri ngati utawaleza. Florence (zomwe zikutanthauza kuti "ukufalikira") adalandira dzina lotere kuchokera kwa Aroma chifukwa chakuti m'minda yomwe ili pafupi ndi mzindawu, mipanda yambiri idakulira. Chomera chodabwitsachi chimakula pafupifupi zaka 2,000. Ndizokongoletsera zabwino za dimba lililonse, komanso zida zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta amtengo wapatali, zomwe zimapangidwira ntchito yopanga mafuta onunkhira.

Maonekedwe a irises

Irises ali ndi ma rhizomes pomwe mizu yake imamera yomwe imakhala ndi chingwe kapena fayilo. Mapesi a chaka chimodzi amakhala amodzi kapena angapo. Ma plat woonda kwambiri owonda masamba awiri amizere ali ndi mawonekedwe a xiphoid, owoneka bwino alibe. Pamaso pawo pali sera. Amasonkhanitsidwa pamunsi pa peduncle ndi gulu lodziwoneka ngati fan, pomwe masamba achitsamba mulibe. Monga lamulo, maluwa amakhala okha, koma osati inflorescence zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka pazomera zotere. Amakhala onunkhira ndipo ali ndi kukula kwakukulu, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka, komanso mtundu wodabwitsa. Chifukwa chake, utoto ukhoza kukhala wamitundu yosiyanasiyana mitundu, komanso kuphatikiza kwawo kopambana. Duwa lili ndi pamakhala 6, omwe ndi ma perianth lobes. Ma loboti akunja mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa zitatu samakankhidwa pang'ono ndikukhalanso ndi mtundu wosiyana ndi ma lobes apamwamba. Pamwamba patsekepo amakhala ngati chubu. Maluwa amatha kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, maluwa awiri kapena atatu amatulutsa, ndipo saterera mkati mwa masiku 1-5. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi lophatikizika atatu.

Mitundu yayikulu ndi mitundu yokhala ndi zithunzi

Irises wometa

Kamangidwe ka duwa, mizu ya irises imagawidwa kukhala ndi ndevu komanso ndevu. Beard adalandira dzina ili kuti likhalepo pamtunda wa tsitsi latsitsi. Ali ndi gulu lawolawo (lalitali, lalitali, lalitali, lalitali komanso lalitali, lalitali, lozungulira, lalitali, lalitali, lalifupi, lalitali, lalitali, aryl-breds, aryl-breds ndi aryl, orary). Komabe, asayansi okha ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito gulu loterolo, ndipo wamaluwa wamba ndi amene amadziwa mbewuzi, monga ma bearded irises osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana.

Iris waku Germany

Iris wamtali wamtali amatchedwanso kuti Germanic. Zomera zoterezi zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri, ndipo ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa ndevu zonse. Mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyodziwika kwambiri: Nyanja ya Baltic - duwa lomwe limapangidwa mwamphamvu ndi mtundu wamtambo wabuluu ndi ndevu zamtambo; Bewilderbest - Maluwa owala ndi utoto wopaka utoto wofiirira, ndipo pamtunda pali mipiringidzo ndi mikwaso yoyera ndi yachikaso; Acoma - mtundu wamtambo wa buluu wophatikizidwa ndi njovu, palinso malire a mtundu wa lavenda. Ndizotchuka kwambiri ku America.

Zopanda zopanda ndevu

Ku mitu yomweyi ilinso: Japan, spuria, California, Siberian, Louisiana, dambo, komanso mitundu ina (interspecific ndi mitundu). Zodziwika kwambiri m'mitunda yapakati ndi:

Sibisi iris

Itha kupaka utoto wamtundu osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku utoto wakuda mpaka buluu. Komabe, pakadali pano pali mitundu pafupifupi 1,000, yomwe mitundu yake imatha kukhala yosiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, White Queen Queen; Ma Batts ndi Suga ali ndi khungu lachikaso komanso loyera; Chitsamba cha Impal Opal chimafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 80, ndipo maluwa ake a lavender-pinki amakhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 10 cm. Maluwa a mbewu ngati iyi ndi okongola kwambiri, koma osanunkhiza.

Japan iris (Kempflera, xiphoid)

Maluwa ooneka ngati orchid ndi akulu kwambiri (m'mimba mwake mpaka masentimita 25), ndipo alibe fungo. Chifukwa cha obereketsa ku Japan, terry (yemwenso amatchedwa hana-shobu) ndi mitundu yambiri ya ku Japan iris. Koma mitunduyi siyigonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Kwa masitepe apakati ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha: "Nessa-No-Mai" - mainchesi amaluwa ofiirira amatha kufikira masentimita 23; "Solveig" - maluwa amapaka utoto wamaluwa wotuwa; "Vasily Alferov" - maluwa omwe siapawiri amakhala ndi utoto wa inki.

Iris spuria

Chomera chokongola kwambiri ndi chofanana ndi bulis iris xyphium, koma chimakula kwambiri. Osawopa chilala ndi chisanu. Mitundu yochititsa chidwi kwambiri: Kukhudza kwa Ndimu - Maluwa a chikasu a mandimu achikasu ali ndi chizindikiro chagolide wakuda, kutalika kwa chitsamba kuli mpaka masentimita 100; Kusintha - chitsamba chimatha kutalika masentimita 100, mtundu wa maluwa umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku buluu-violet mpaka violet wamdima, chizindikirocho ndi bronze; Stella Irene - chitsamba chimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 90, maluwa akuda ndi ofiirira ali ndi chizindikiro chaching'ono cha golide.

Swamp Iris

Mtunduwu, mosiyana ndi ena, umakonda kumera m'nthaka yonyowa zokha. Maluwa amatha kujambulidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana yachikaso, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukongoletsa maiwe owumba. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi iyi: "Mfumukazi ya Golide" - maluwa achikasu; "Flore Pleno" - ali ndi maluwa awiri; "Umkirch" Mtundu wa Pinki.

Kutengera mtundu wa maluwa, mitunduyi imagawidwa kukhala:

monochromatic - ma lobes onse ali ndi mtundu womwewo;
mamvekedwe awiri - zigawo zomwe zili pansipa ndi pamwamba zimapangidwa mu mithunzi yosiyanasiyana ya utoto womwewo;
matoni awiri - mtundu wa m'munsi ndi kumtunda kwa lobes umasiyana;
variegate - lobes chikasu pamwambapa komanso pabuka bulauni pansipa;
amena - ma lobes apamwamba ndi oyera;
malire kapena plikata - pali malire amtundu wosiyanitsa konse pamtunda wonse, kapena ochepa okha;
kusinthika - kusintha kwa mtundu wina kupita kwina ndikosalala.

Kukula Zinthu

Omwe alimi osadziwa zambiri amakhulupirira kuti kukulitsa irises ndizovuta kwambiri. Komabe, kwenikweni izi sizili choncho. Pongofuna kuti mbewu izi zikule bwino, musayiwale malamulo osavuta owasamalira:

Maluwa a maluwa oterowo amakula mosadukiza, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, gawo lina limawululidwa, popeza limafika pamwamba. Isanafike nthawi yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba mbewu izi ndi peat kapena dothi kuti titeteze kuzizira. Pakatikati, mawonekedwewa ayenera kuchotsedwa mosamala.
Chodabwitsa cha mbewu zotere ndikuti amatha kusuntha. Chifukwa chake, mkati mwa nyengo amatha kusintha mbali ndi masentimita angapo. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwabzala ndi fanizo la ma pepala angapo mzere. Poterepa, mizere idzakhala yochulukirapo.
Bearded iris amabzalidwa pamchenga. Mchenga umathiridwa mu dzenje lokonzedwa pansi, ndipo mizu imawongoka pamwamba pake. Dziwani kuti ngati chomera cholimba kwambiri, chitha kufa kapena kusaphuka.
Ndizosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wophatikiza zovala. Manyowa am'madzi amafuta abwino.

Momwe mungabzalire

Kubzala irises? Kusankha kwampando

Ambiri wamaluwa amakhulupirira kuti maluwa atatha maluwa, azikumbulidwa, agawikidwe ndikuwokedwa m'malo okhazikika. Chifukwa apo ayi mwina alibe nthawi yoyambira nyengo yachisanu isanayambe. Komabe, ngati m'dera lanu muli chiphukira chachitali komanso chotentha, ndiye kuti simungathe kuthamangitsa kwambiri ndikusintha ma irises. Maluwa otere amatha kudulidwa kuchokera ku kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, koma atangomaliza kumene maluwa. Kumbukirani kuti ma irises akuyenera kuwaika osachepera 1 nthawi yazaka 3 kapena 4. Komabe, irisi wa ku Siberia amatha kumera malo amodzi kwa zaka pafupifupi 10. Mukapanda kufesa, ndiye kuti tchire zokuliratu zimatha kuphuka.

Kwa ndevu zokhala ndi ndevu, muyenera kusankha malo oti musayandikirepo zojambulidwa, zomwe ziyenera kukhala paphiri kapena malo otsetsereka, chifukwa ndikofunikira kuti malowo azikhala opanda madzi komanso kutuluka kwa madzi osungunuka. Kuyambika kumalimbikitsidwa kuyambira m'mawa mpaka masikati. Mtundu wa Siberian ndi bog, muyenera kusankha malo okhala ndi dothi lonyowa. Mwamtheradi mitundu yonse yamaluwa imafunikira nthaka yokhala ndi michere yambiri. Kuti mukonze dothi losauka, musanabzale mphukira mu masika, muyenera kuwonjezera kompositi kapena dothi lamadzola lamafuta, komanso feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonjezere choko, ufa wa dolomite kapena phulusa la nkhuni ku nthaka yachilengedwe. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera mchenga ndi peat ku loam, ndi clayey nthaka ndi mchenga. Musanabzale nyemba, dothi limalimbikitsidwa kuti lithetsedwe. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuthiriridwa ndi fungicide, komanso kuchitira chithandizo ndi herbicides ku namsongole. Manyowa sangabweretsedwe pansi.

Kubzala masika

Zinthu zodzala zomwe zidagulidwa, komanso zomwe zidasungidwa nthawi yonse yozizira, ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi othandizira kukula (Zircon kapena Ecogel). Ngati mizu ndi yayitali, ndiye kuti iyenera kudulidwa, malo omwe pali zizindikiro za kuwola, muyenera kudula mosamala. Muzu uyenera kumiziridwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ola mu njira ya potaziyamu permanganate yophera matenda. Pangani dzenje lakuya kwambiri osathira mchenga mmalo mwake. Kukhazikika kwa phokoso la ndevu yokhala ndi ndevu kuyenera kuyikidwa kuti izikhala yopingasa. Fesani mizu ndikuwaza dzenje kuti gawo lokhalo lakumanzere likhale pamwamba pa nthaka. Kenako iris iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri. Zikakhala kuti nthambizo zonse zili mobisa, ndiye kuti izi zimapangitsa kuti awoneke. Mitundu yopanda ndevu, m'malo mwake, iyenera kuyikidwa pansi masentimita angapo pansi. Danga la mulch (peat kapena singano zakugwa) liyenera kuthiridwa pamwamba, lomwe lingakuthandizeni kukhalabe chinyezi. Zitsime zikuyenera kupezeka masentimita 50 mosiyana.

Yophukira

Kubzala kwa Autumn sikusiyana kwambiri ndi masika. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndizichita kumapeto kwa nyengo yachilimwe, nthawi yamaluwa ikatha. Monga lamulo, amalangizidwa kuti azitha kumuyika kuchokera mu Ogasiti mpaka masiku omaliza a Seputembala, koma ayenera kukumbukira kuti kufalitsa koyambirira kumalola kuti mbewu zikule bwino ndikukula. Kumbani chitsamba ndi pitchfork, kenako gawanani pazolumikizana ndi pachaka. Mizu ya mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi chingwe iyenera kufupikitsidwa bwino, chotsani malo omwe pali zowonongeka kapena zomata. Kenako ogawikawo amayenera kuyikidwa kwa maola awiri mu mawonekedwe a pinki amdima a potaziyamu permanganate yophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pambuyo pake, amayenera kuyikidwa m'malo otentha kwa maola 4-5. Kubzala Delenki kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi kasupe. Mtunda wa masentimita pafupifupi 50 uyenera kutsalira pakati pazitsime zamakalasi apamwamba, masentimita 20 pakati pautali, ndi masentimita 15 pakati pakukula.

Chisamaliro cha Iris

Malamulo osamalira maluwa amtundu

Ichi ndi mbewu yofunda komanso yojambulidwa. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuthilira madzi a irises pafupipafupi komanso nthawi yochulukirapo panthawi ya kuphukira. Nthawi yonseyi, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa pokhapokha dothi lomwe lili pafupi ndi cheza chake limawuma kwambiri.

Ngati mu masika, musanadzale Iris, munathira feteleza m'nthaka, ndiye kuti nthawi yonseyo, monga lamulo, chomera sichidzafunika kuphatikiza. Ngati mukuganiza kuti muthira manyowa m'nthaka, ndiye kuti mugwiritsira ntchito feteleza wa potaziyamu-phosphorous mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi. Iyenera kutsegulidwa mwachindunji pansi pazu mu nthawi yakukula kwambiri. Kudyetsa irises nthawi yamaluwa nkoletsedwa.

Nyengo yonse ikakhala yofunika kuchotsa udzu munthawi yake. Muyenera kuchotsa namsongole pamanja. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mizu yake imapezeka mozungulira komanso pafupi kwambiri ndi dothi lapansi. Pankhaniyi, mutamasula ndi wowaza, mutha kuwononga mosazindikira. Ngakhale ndizosowa, kumasula dothi kuyenera kuchitidwa. Njirayi iyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri, kusamala kuti isawononge mizu. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa odziwa amakulangizani kuti muchotse maluwa osokonekera, chifukwa tizirombo titha kukhazikika pachomera chifukwa cha iwo.

Tizilombo ndi matenda

Mitundu yothandiza kwambiri komanso yopatsirana kwambiri imakhala yogwidwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuti titeteze irises ku matenda, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo onse a mitundu yaulimi. Komanso, onetsetsani momwe mbewu zimamvereranso nyengo yonseyo. Mukazindikira kuti china chake sichili bwino ndi irises, muyenera kuchita zinthu zoyenera. Ngati chitsamba chili ndi fusarium kapena zowola zina, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Chomera choyambukiracho chikuyenera kukumbidwa ndikuwonongedwa. Pazifukwa zina zodzitetezera, tchire zina ziyenera kuthiriridwa pansi pamizu ndi mizu ndi yankho la maziko a msingi, omwe akuyenera kukhala magawo awiri. Chida ichi chimalimbikitsidwanso kukonza ma peizomes musanawabzala m'nthaka. Pankhaniyi, chiwopsezo cha kuvunda chidzakhala chotsika kwambiri. Njira yothetsera msanganizo wa Bordeaux (1%), womwe uyenera kupakulidwa ndi masamba, imatha kuteteza mbewu ku malo osiyanasiyana.

Nthawi zambiri, scoops amakhazikika pazomera. Amadya zimayambira za peduncle. Zitatha izi, ma peduncles amasanduka achikasu komanso owuma. Njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kumwedwa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukula. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuwirikiza kawiri mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya kalbofos (10%), pakati pa mankhwalawa, muzikhala ndi masiku 7. Mapulogalamu a Gladiolus amathanso kukhazikika. Amayambitsa kuphwanya kwa photosynthesis mu masamba, chifukwa chake amakhala bulauni ndikufa. Ngati mbewu yathandizidwa ndi kupindika, ndiye kuti masamba ake amakhala oyipa komanso osasinthika. Kupindika kumakhala bwino nthawi yachilimwe. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timatha kumenyera momwemonso ndi ma scoops omwe amagwiritsa ntchito karbofos, ndipo kulowetsedwa kuchokera ku 400 g shag, komwe kumayenera kusungidwa sabata limodzi ndi theka, kumathandizanso kwambiri. Komanso, 40 g yophwanyika ndi grater, sopo yochapira amawonjezeramo. Slugs imatha kuvulaza mbewu zotere. Kuti muwachotse, ndikofunikira kuyika masamba atsopano a burdock kapena ziphuphu zofowoka mumipata. Pamene aulesi amabisala pansi pawo, muyenera kungisonkhanitsa pamodzi ndi zisanza ndikuziwononga. Ngati pali ambiri a slugs, ndiye nyengo yotentha, m'mawa kapena madzulo, chitsulo chachitsulo chomwe chimatulutsidwa m'miyala chikuyenera kugawidwa pamalopo, pongowabalalitsa. Pankhaniyi, kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 40 g wa thupilo amayenera kupitirira 1 lalikulu.

Irises pambuyo maluwa

Zotsatira zake kuti mbande sizimayembekezeredwa chaka chino, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichotse mapesi a maluwa mtengawo utamasulidwa. Ngati chikasu cha masamba chimayamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tidule ndikupanga mawonekedwe amphongo. Chifukwa chake, ma irises amakhalanso okongoletsa bwino m'mundamu ndipo adzakhala ndi nthawi isanachitike nthawi yozizira kuti apeze zinthu zofunika monga michere. Ndi nyengo yotentha yophukira, maluwa achiwiri nthawi zambiri amapezeka. Masamba atakhala kuti afota, ayenera kudulidwa, kusiya masentimita 10-15 okha.Zidutswa ziyenera kuwonongedwa (kuwotchedwa), popeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso mazira a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amatha kukhala pamtunda.

Usanazizire nyengo yozizira, ma rhizomes opanda kanthu amayenera kuphimbidwa ndi dothi, komanso ndi mulifupi (8-10 sentimita) wa mulch (peat kapena mchenga). Potengera kuti dontho lamphamvu mu kutentha likuyembekezeka kugwa kapena nthawi yozizira, muyenera kuphimba ma irises ndi nthambi za spruce kapena masamba owuma. Kuti pakhale chisanu chambiri nthawi yachisanu, sikofunikira kuphimba mbewu.

Kusungirako kwa Iris

Kukumba kapena kupeza ma rhizomes a bearded irises m'dzinja akhoza kusungidwa mpaka isanayambike masika, kuwayika pamalo achinyezi komanso malo abwino. Pukuta ma rhizomeswo ndikuwayika pabokosi lamakhadi lomwe likufunika kutsekedwa mwamphamvu. Iyenera kuyikidwa pa loggia kapena khonde. Nthawi yomweyo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukulunga nthiti iliyonse ndi nsalu kapena pepala, ndipo mutha kuwathira m'mabokosi okhala ndi peat youma kapena nyemba zofanana.

Mitundu ina imakonda malo okhala chinyezi, mogwirizana ndi izi, kuti tisunge ndizofunikira kuziyika mu maluwa. Musanabzale, muyenera kuchotsa mizu yayitali, ndipo rhizome iyenera kutsitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa mwamphamvu mu njira ya potaziyamu posanganikira. Kenako iyenera kuyanika. Sikoyenera kuzunza chikondwererochi, chimangomwaza pang'ono ndi dothi. Pakatikati, mphukira yolumirayo imayenera kutengedwa ndi dothi lodzalidwa panthaka.