Tsoka ilo, osati minga yakuthwa kapena fungo lonunkhiritsa zimapulumutsa maluwa ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga: popanda chithandizo, tchire limatha kuyima pang'onopang'ono kapena kutulutsa maluwa mukangotulutsa maluwa. Zithunzi ndi zofotokozera za matenda ndi tizirombo ta maluwa titha kupezeka paliponse, zinthu zatsopano zachitetezo cha chomera zimawoneka pafupipafupi, koma ngakhale alimi odziwa maluwa ambiri sangapeze yankho lenileni lavutoli, ndipo chaka chilichonse kulimbana kuyenera kuyambiranso.
Matenda ofala kwambiri a maluwa ndi momwe mungathanirane nawo
Nthawi zambiri mchaka, maluwa amakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo, ndipo nthawi yotentha komanso yophukira - ndi matenda. Matenda ofala kwambiri ndi powdery mildew, dzimbiri, zowola imvi, kuwotcha, kupera kwamtambo. Apa mukuwona zithunzi za matenda ndi tizilombo toononga maluwa, ndikuphunziranso za kulimbana nawo.
Powdery Mildew Nthawi zambiri, mphukira zatsopano, zomwe zimamera mwachangu, zimatha kugwera. Pamaso masamba, tsinde, mphukira ndi ma spikes pali ufa wothira zoyera, phulusa kapena imvi. Chifukwa cha matendawa, njira zambiri zothandizira thupi ku rose zimasokonekera, masamba amapindika, magawo atsopano a mphukira amafa molawirira.
Ndikofunikira kuti musamangodziwa za matenda a maluwa a maluwa ndi momwe mungathanirane nawo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito izi pochita.
Mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kuthira nthawi yophukira ya omwe akuwombera, kutola ndi kuwotcha masamba otsika. Ndikofunikira kukumba dothi ndikutulutsa madzi mosungira, popeza tizilomboti timafa chifukwa chosowa mpweya m'nthaka. Kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira kapena koyambirira kwa kasupe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti utsi ndi njira zotsatirazi: 3% chitsulo sulfate ndi 0,3% potaziyamu sulfate kapena 3% yamkuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kupopera mankhwala kupopera mankhwala ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala kukonzekera ndikofunikira.
Mawanga akuda. Ili ndi mtundu wa matenda a fungus. Mitundu yakuda, yowala, yopanda mawonekedwe pa masamba, petioles, ndi ma stipule. Ndi matenda owopsa, tsamba lonse limakhala lakuda, louma ndikugwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwotcha masamba opunduka, kudulira ndi kuwotcha mphukira, kukumba dothi ndi chosungira, nthawi yophukira kapena kasupe kupopera mbewu mankhaka a maluwa ndi dothi lapafupi masamba asanatseguke ndi masamba kapena mankhwala pokonzekera.
Zowopsa maluwa. Kumbuyo kwa tsamba, mapiritsi ang'onoang'ono a lalanje ndi achikasu amadziwika. Matenda akapezeka, mbewuyo imapanikizika, masamba ake amauma, tsinde, mphukira ndi maluwa akuvutika. Kudula mphukira zomwe zakhudzidwa, kutola masamba agwa ndikuwawotcha, kukumba dothi lapafupi, kutsanulira maluwa ndi Bordeaux madzi kapena sodium iron.
Tsopano popeza mwazolowera chithunzi, malongosoledwe ndi njira zothandizira maluwa, mutha kuteteza mbewu kuti zisafe:
Tizilombo ta maluwa ndi maluwa
Mwa tizirombo, nsabwe za m'masamba, mbozi, mphukira, sawflies ndi nthata za akangaude ndizofala kwambiri. Pansipa mutha kupeza chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe a tizirombo ta maluwa ngati maluwa ndi maluwa.
Rose sawfly. Mphutsi zake zimabisala m'nkhaka m'nthaka. Chapakatikati, chimatulutsa, ndipo kachilombo kena kamakula kumatuluka m'ngulu. Yaikazi imayika mazira nthawi imodzi pamwamba pa mphukira yaying'ono, yomwe imayamba kuda ndi kupukuta. Mu nthawi yophukira, mboziyo imatsikira pansi kukazizira.
M'dzinja, ndikofunikira kukumba dothi pansi pa chitsamba kuti mbozi ya pseudo ikhale pamtunda komanso kuzizira nyengo yozizira. Pokana ndi mbozi yomwe imamera, chomera chimayenera kuthiridwa ndi mankhwala ena apadera. Kudula ndi kuwotcha kuwombera kwina kumachitidwa mphutsi zisanachoke.
Chapakatikati, maluwa amawoneka maluwa. Amayambitsa kwambiri masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono, zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa masamba ochepa.
Kudziwa za tizirombo ta maluwa amakondo, nkhondo yolimbana nawo iyenera kuyamba nthawi yomweyo. Pokhala ndi masamba ochepa chabe, mbozi zimatha kusonkhanitsidwa ndikuwonongeka. Komanso, mphukira utatseguka, chitsamba chimalawa ndi mankhwala apadera.
