Pakati pa zitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse pamakhala mbewu zambiri zabwino. Ili ndi poinsetia, yomwe imayimira banja la euphorbiaceae. Dzinali limamveka lachilendo kwambiri - potanthauzira kuchokera ku Latin amatanthauza "euphorbia wokongola." Alinso ndi dzina losadziwika - nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi. Chomerachi chinapezeka koyamba ku Mexico ndi Central America.
Popeza poinsetia amakula m'malo otentha, ali ndi kutalika kosangalatsa, komwe ndi mita atatu. Zonenepa zomwe zimakulidwa mkati mwa nyumba zimawoneka zochepetsetsa - siziposa 40 cm. Zomerazo zimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira okhala ndi mbali zomata zamtambo wobiriwira.
Ponena za maluwa a poinsetia, amawoneka ngati ma compost rosette achikuda. Pakati pawo pali mabatani ofiira. M'zaka zaposachedwa, obereketsa atha kupanga mitundu yatsopano ya mkaka wokongola, kotero masiku ano sizachilendo kupeza mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi chikaso, pinki, choyera, ndi zamkati zamtundu wamitundu iwiri m'sitolo.
Komabe, mukakulitsa poinsetia kunyumba, muyenera kuganizira zovuta zina ndi malingaliro, kutsatira zomwe mungathe kukwaniritsa maluwa ambiri okongola a poinsettia.
Momwe mungasamalire duwa la poinsetia
Chithunzi cha mmera chimakopa chidwi chake. Koma zachilendo sikuti ndi maluwa okha, komanso dzina. Ndiosavuta kufotokoza, chifukwa Chomera chimayamba kuphuka chifukwa cha Krisimasi, chifukwa chake adamupatsa dzina la "Nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi". Komabe, pofika nthawi yoti maluwa atha, mbewuyo imangotaya inflorescence, komanso masamba; pakadali pano chitukuko chake, pamakhala chiopsezo cha kufa kwathunthu. Komabe, mphamvu za aliyense kuti azitha kuteteza mbewu yabwinoyi, yomwe muyenera kungokumbukira zina zokhudzana ndi kubzala kwake:
pakuyamba kwa masamba kugwa, kuthirira ndi kuvala pamwamba kumayenera kusiyidwa. Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse zitsamba pamtunda wa masentimita 15 kuchokera pansi. Kenako chomera chimasinthidwa kupita kumalo amdima komwe chimayenera kukhala kufikira kumapeto kwa masika;- kumapeto kwa kasupe, poinsettia amayenera kubwezeretsedwa kumalo otentha, komwe kuyambira nthawi imeneyo kuthirira ndi kuvala kwapamwamba kumayambira;
- pazizindikiro zoyambirira za kukula, mkaka wokongola umasinthidwa dothi latsopano;
- Njira yothandiza yomwe imapangitsa kuti mapangidwe a mphukira ayikidwe ndikuyika mbewu m'malo amdima kuyambira Okutobala, kapena m'malo mwake iduleni ndi bokosi. Kuchita chimodzimodzi ndi poinsetia kuyenera kuchitika mpaka maola 14 patsiku;
- pozindikira kuti mabulogi apanga kale, mutha kuyimitsa duwa pamalo amdima. Kuyambira pano muyenera kupatsa zonse madzi okwanira.
pakuyamba kwa masamba kugwa, kuthirira ndi kuvala pamwamba kumayenera kusiyidwa. Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse zitsamba pamtunda wa masentimita 15 kuchokera pansi. Kenako chomera chimasinthidwa kupita kumalo amdima komwe chimayenera kukhala kufikira kumapeto kwa masika;Chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kulipidwa kwa poinsettia wokongola pakugawidwa kwa iwo. msuzi womwe ndi wowopsa kwambiri. Kulumikizana kulikonse kumatha kukhala koopsa thanzi: ngati msuziwo ufika pakhungu, umatha kuyambitsa mavuto osiyanasiyana, khungu limatha kuchitika ngati limayenderana ndi maso, ndipo khungu limayamba kuwonekera pakamwa. Pofuna kupewa izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti njira zonse zothandizira poinsettia zizichitika m'manja.
Kutentha kokwanira kukula chomera cha poinsetia
Chomera sichikhala chodwala pang'ono komanso kuphukira ngati sichoncho amakula nthawi yabwino kutentha. Kuti muchite izi, taganizirani izi:
- maluwa abwino kwambiri a maluwa a poinsettia ndi boma lotentha kuyambira madigiri 18 mpaka 25 Celsius;
- kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe a maluwa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kutentha mpaka madigiri 14-16;
- M'nyengo yozizira, poinsettia akapumula, ndikofunikira kusunga kutentha m'chipindacho osapitirira 14 digiri Celsius;
- Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukulitsa poinsettia m'malo abata, omwe ayenera kutetezedwa ku zolemba.
Kuwala
Poinsetia amakhala womasuka kwambiri ngati kumera pawindo. Payenera kukhala kuyatsa kwabwino, koma kuwunika mwachindunji kuyenera kupewedwa. Kulephera kutsatira malangizowa kungayambitse kusintha kosachedwa: masamba atembenuka pang'ono.
Kuthirira Poinsetia Houseplant
M'nyengo yozizira, duwa limathirira madzi ngati pakufunika: mutha kudziwa nthawi yomwe nthaka idayamba kufota. Muyenera kuwoneka mosiyana kwambiri m'chilimwe, liti kuthirira kumachitika tsiku lililonse m'miyeso yaying'ono.
Pa maluwa, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuthirira ndi kupopera, komwe kumachitika masiku atatu kapena anayi alionse. Pachifukwa ichi, gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda pang'ono, omwe amayenera kupaka osachepera tsiku limodzi.
Ngati mutsatira malamulo osavuta awa a kuthirira, ndiye kuti simuyenera kuonanso kugwa kwa masamba okongola ndi poinsettia.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Feteleza m'nthaka pansi pa nkhonya umagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri pamwezi. Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimachitika mchaka, ndipo chomaliza - chakumapeto. Chalangizidwa pa chifukwa ichi. gwiritsani feteleza wa mchere. Pamene euphorbia wokongola ayamba kuphuka, amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wolemera mu potaziyamu. Koma pa akaunti iyi pali malingaliro akuti poinsetia akhoza kuchita bwino popanda kuthira feteleza. Amakhulupirira kuti maluwa apamwamba kwambiri amapezeka pokhapokha panthawi ino ya moyo mogwirizana ndi mbewu sizichita zochitika zapadera.
Kuyika Poinsettia Indoor maluwa
Nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi ikatuluka mumkhalidwe wopumula, womwe nthawi zambiri umachitika kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi, utha kuikemo. Izi zitha kutsimikizika poyambira pakupanga masamba obiriwira pamitengo. Pokonzekera kubzala poinsettia wokongola, pansi pamphika muyenera kudzaza ndi ngalande. Kuyang'aniridwa kuyenera kulipidwa nthaka, yomwe ayenera kukhala osachita acid.
Pokonzekera kubzala dothi pogwiritsa ntchito pepala, peat, dongo-turf, komanso mchenga. Zonsezi zimatengedwa pamtundu wa 2: 1: 3: 1.
Mutha kukulitsa mwayi wa poinsettia kuti mukhale ndi moyo m'malo atsopano ndikuwapangitsa kuti asalimbane ndi matenda ngati mukuwonetsa kulondola kwakukulu pakuthira mumphika watsopano. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwonetsetsa kuti dothi labwino kwambiri limakhalabe pamizu. Zina zimachitika monga mwa chizolowezi.
Momwe mungadulire maluwa a poinsettia?
Kusamalira Panyumba amapereka kwa kubzala, yomwe imachitika panthawi yachikasu masamba, zimayambira zimachotsedwa mpaka 15 cm kuchokera panthaka. Njirayi ndiyofunikanso kumapeto kwa kumuika, pomwe mphukira zatsopano zimayamba kupanga. Ntchito imeneyi imapatsa chidwi chomera ndi mawonekedwe olondola. Ubwino wodulira nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi ndikuti chomera chidzaphuka koposa kamodzi m'tsogolo.
Mutha kupezanso ntchito zofunsira kwa mphukira zofowoka, zodulira, zomwe zimatha kukhala chodzala pazinthu pakubzala.
Nthawi yopumula
Izi zitha kutsimikizika ndi mapangidwe a masamba a poinsetia. Nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa koyambirira kwa Epulo. Izi zikadzachitika, mbewuyo imayenera kusamukira kumalo amdima, ozizira komwe kuyenera kukhala mpaka kuchiyambiyambi kwa Meyi.
Kufalikira kwa poinsetia kunyumba
Njira yofesa mbewu sioyenera kupeza mbewu zatsopano za poinsetia kunyumba. Chifukwa chake, njira yokhayo ndiyotheka pano - kubereka pogwiritsa ntchito kudula. Kuti tichite izi, kukonzekera mphukira kumapeto kwa masika. Kudula odulira kumayenera kutalika kosaposa 70 cm. Muyeneranso kusamalira kuti zodulidwa ndizosachepera 4 kapena 6 impso zazikulu.
Komanso, pokhudzana ndi odulidwa, opareshoni imachitika kuti ichotse madzi owopsa. Kuti izi zitheke, amafunika kuyikidwa m'madzi ofunda, atatha kuwayika kwa mphindi 25-35. Pomaliza, wothandizira wapadera amamugwiritsa ntchito kudula, kuthamangitsa mapangidwe a mizu. Pobzala, konzani zodzaza ndi dothi pokonzekera zomwe zigwiritsidwe ntchito zotsatirazi:
- mchenga;
- manyowa owuma;
- humus.
Makamaka chidwi chake chikuyenera kulipira kuti nthaka ikhale kunyowa. Mutabzala zodulira, chotengera chimayenera kusamutsidwa kumalo owala, kukoka filimu pamwamba pake ndikusunga kutentha kwa madigiri 24-28 Celsius mchipindacho. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti dothi lisaumbidwe. Chifukwa chaichi, ndikofunikira kuchita pafupipafupi, kutsegula filimu yoteteza. Kutsirira kumachitika ndi pafupipafupi kamodzi masiku atatu kapena anayi. Izi zitha kuchitika mwanjira yovomerezeka kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito botolo la utsi.
Pakatha mwezi umodzi kuchokera pomwe mizu yodulidwa inali itatha, polyethylene imatha kuchotsedwa ndipo kutentha kumatsitsidwa mpaka madigiri 16 Celsius. Ndi kuyambika kwa nthawi yophukira, mbewu zazing'ono zimasinthidwa mumiphika ndi mainchesi 20. Nthawi zambiri, mbande zimalowa m'maluwa ndi chisamaliro choyenera patatha chaka chimodzi.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Pa nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi pali tizirombo tambiriMomwe iye akhoza kuvutikira. Mndandandawu ungathe kukhala zikopa, mealybugs, thrips, whiteflies ndi nthata za akangaude. Nthawi zambiri mukadwala, mutha kuwona momwe masamba amasungiriridwa ndi misa yoyera, yofanana ndi sera. Komanso amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera, osasangalatsa.
Pakuwongolera tizilombo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ophatikizira ndi wowerengeka azitsamba. Mwa izi, izi zitha kutsimikiziridwa:
- Yankho la sopo likuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino polimbana ndi tizilombo ndi nseru. Kuti muchite izi, ayenera kusamalira masamba omwe ali ndi kachilombo kamodzi pa sabata. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono aliyense, mbewuzo zimatsanulidwa ndi madzi oyera;
- Mafuta ochulukirapo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthana ndi mphutsi.
Komabe, sizotheka nthawi zonse kuthana ndi vutoli mothandizidwa ndi wowerengeka azitsamba. Pankhaniyi, ndizomveka kuganizira kugula njira zapadera kuti muthe kulimbana ndi matendawa komanso kupewa kukomedwa ndi nkhonya.
Zokwanira matenda owopsa a mbewu ndi awa:
- Gray zowola. Malo abwino chifukwa chake amapezeka ndi madzi okwanira komanso chinyezi chambiri. Itha kuzindikiritsidwa ndi imvi, fungal pachimake pazomera ndi mawanga a bulauni pamasamba. Kuti muthane ndi izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa "Skor", "Celandine" ndi "Fundazol";
- Fusarium Matendawa ndi owopsa chifukwa amatha kupha munthu wathunthu wamapiko;
- Mealy zowola. Mukawoneka pa maluwa, mutha kuwona chithunzi choyera. Matendawa, monga lamulo, amatsogolera pakufa kwa mbewu. Mutha kupirira nawo mothandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwa Topaz ndi Fitosporin-M.
- Nthawi zambiri akamakula m'malo a malo okhala poinsettia, masamba amayamba kusanduka achikaso. Zomwe zimayambitsa izi ndizambiri kuthirira komanso malo abwino olima. Izi zimayambitsa kuzungulira kwa mizu, yomwe imasiya, ndikusintha mtundu wawo, ndiyo yoyamba kuchitapo kanthu. Komabe, izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chothirira kwambiri. Mwanjira iyi, euphorbia wokongola kwambiri amatha kukopa nkhupakupa, zomwe masamba ake amasintha chikasu.
Pomaliza
Ngakhale poganizira kuti poinsetia ndi chomera chotentha, komanso kunyumba kwathu itha kukhala wamkulu. Chomerachi chimakongoletsa kwambiri, chomwe chimawonetsedwa ndi masamba ndi maluwa. Komabe, mutha kusangalala ndi kukongola uku pokhapokha mutatsatira malamulo oti muzisamalira.
Makamaka chisamaliro cha kutentha, kukumbukira kuti malo otentha ndi malo awo achilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, paliponse pachitukuko chomera, kutentha kwina kuyenera kusamalidwa. Zofunikanso posamalira poinsettia ndi kuthirira. Ndipo zokhazo mwina sizingakhale zokwanira. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa icho, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti utsi, womwe ungathandize kukhalabe ndi chinyezi chokwanira.
