Heliconia (Heliconia) yamtunduwu imakhala ndi mitundu pafupifupi 150 yazomera kuchokera ku banja la nthochi (Heliconiaceae), yomwe nthawi zambiri imagawidwa ku America yotentha, koma nthawi yomweyo idalimidwa bwino ikachoka kunyumba.
Zambiri
Herbaceous perennials omwe amafika mpaka 3 mita kutalika. M'mawonekedwe awo, ndimakumbukiro a nthochi, ali ndi ma buluzi akuluakulu, amakhala ndi mitengo yokhazikika, komanso masamba akulu. Kunja, amafanana ndi masamba a nthochi, omwe mitundu yayitali imafikira 3 mita m'litali ndi mita imodzi m'lifupi. Chifukwa chakutukuka mu ndege yopapatiza ya tsinde, iwo, monga nthochi, ali ngati ofanana ndi omwe amapezeka.
Kusiyana kwa heliconia ndi nthochi ndi masamba awiri. Kukula kwa mtengowu kumachitika mwachangu komanso kale mchaka chachiwiri chokula, pamakhala nthawi ya maluwa. Pakusintha kwamaluwa, zimayambira zomwe zidafupikitsidwa mu gawo lamasamba zimamera mwachangu mkati mwake, ndikutulutsa inflorescence pamwamba, yomwe mwa oyimira ena amapezeka molunjika, ndipo nthawi zina imangokhala pansi kapena yopindika.
Pakhomali pali mizere iwiri yozungulira yozungulira ma curls, omwe amavala masamba owoneka bwino, scaphoid ndi masamba akulu. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mtundu wowala mosiyanasiyana: lalanje, ofiira, achikaso ndi pinki, koma nthawi zina mtundu wa m'mphepete ungasinthe kukhala wina wosiyananso. Palinso mitundu yosakhazikika, inflorescence yomwe imafikira masentimita 30 ndipo imangokhala ndi masamba 4-5 okha ophimba. Ma inflorescence akulu kuchokera 1 mpaka 1.5 mita mu mitundu yayikulu siachilendo. Zomera ndizokongoletsa kwambiri, ndipo mitundu ingapo ya izo imadziwika mu ulimi wathu.
Okhala m'derali adadzitengera mayina apadera a mitundu ina ya heliconia, mwachitsanzo, mitundu yawo yokongola, mtengowu umatchedwa "maluwa a parrot", ndipo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo a duwa, adatipatsa dzina "lobster claw". Mitundu iyi imasakaniza yokha mithunzi yambiri: chikasu, lalanje, chofiira ndi choyera. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mbewu za ma hemiconium ena zimakhala ndi mtundu wa chameleon, poyamba zimakhala ndi lalanje, ndipo pambuyo pake zimasanduka buluu.
Heliconia ndi chomera chofunikira kwambiri pochoka panyumba, chimamva bwino ndikutukuka kwambiri malo omwe imakhalako. Ndikosavuta kupereka chisamaliro chotere mumtundu wowonjezera wowumbidwa wanyumba. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuwona kutentha kwa boma, komwe sikuyenera kutsika kuposa 18 digiri ndikusunga chinyezi pafupipafupi 75-80 peresenti.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya hexonium
Heliconia bihai nthawi zambiri imatha kupezeka m'matumba amtambo komanso pansi kuchokera ku Brazil kupita ku Mexico. Mtengowo umafikira mpaka 3 mita, kutalika, masamba akulu, kutalika kwa 1,2 metres ndi masentimita 30-45 mulifupi. Mitundu ya inflorescence imakhala yoyenda modutsa komanso yopanda chidwi, kutalika kwake imafikira masentimita 60, ndipo m'lifupi mwake mpaka masentimita 30, iwo amatuluka mumtundu wautoto wofiirira. Ma inflorescence achikasu achikasu kapena obiriwira okhala ndi masamba ofiira a utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi chikaso pamwamba.
Heliconia bicolor (Heliconia bicolor) nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku Brazil m'malo opezekapo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Chomera chimafalikira pafupifupi mita imodzi, chili ndi masamba owongoka, osongoka, ozungulira, omwe amafikira masentimita 40-55 m'litali ndi masentimita 6.5-10 m'lifupi. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa kwambiri komanso amawoneka bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha maluwa omwe adakhazikitsidwa m'mizere iwiri.
Heliconia zitsulo (Heliconia metallica) amapezeka m'miyala yamatalala okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri ku Colombia. Imafika mpaka pamtunda wa mamita awiri ndipo yalongosola, timapepala totsika totsika totalika masentimita 30 m'litali ndi masentimita 7-10 m'lifupi, kumtunda kwa tsambalo kulijambulidwa utoto wobiriwira wachitsulo, pakati pali thonje loyera lomwe kuchokera pomwe nthenga zakutsogolo zimachoka. utoto womwewo, kuchokera pansi pa tsamba ili ndi utoto wofiira. Zithunzi zazitali zazitali ndi tint yofiirira. Masamba ophimba inflorescence ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira, ndipo maluwa amakhala okongoletsa kwambiri.
Heliconia chisamaliro chakunyumba
Nthawi iliyonse pachaka, amafunikira magetsi owala, osayatsidwa, ngakhale kuti amatha kuwululidwa mwachidule ndi dzuwa. Amamva bwino pafupi ndi mawindo akum'mawa komanso kumadzulo. Ngati malo osankhidwa ali pafupi ndi zenera lakum'mwera, mbewuyo iyenera kuzunguliridwa ndi dzuwa.
Heliconia ndizomera zomwe zimakonda kutentha ndipo pazifukwa izi ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti boma lizitentha madigiri 22 mpaka 26 chaka chonse, pomwe ngati sizingatheke kusunga kutentha wotentha nthawi yozizira, mutha kutsika pang'ono, koma osatsika ndi 18 digiri. Chomera chodabwitsachi chimakonda mpweya wabwino, koma sichilekerera kukonzekera, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti mpweya ukhalepo m'chipindacho, koma uchita mosamala kwambiri.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
M'nyengo yamasika ndi nthawi yotentha, mbewu imapatsidwa madzi okwanira, pomwe dothi lam'mwamba limawuma. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa pang'ono, koma matope osaloledwa sayenera kuloledwa kuti aume. Madzi othirira amayenera kukhazikika ndikufewa. Ambiri mwa olimawo m'nyengo yozizira amachepetsa kuthirira kwa chomera cha heliconium kukhala chosowa. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuchuluka kwa nthawi yophukira-yozizira kumakhala koopsa pachomera, izi zimatha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu.
Ndikofunika kupereka chinyezi chokwanira chaka chonse pothira mafuta ndi madzi osyanitsidwa kapena osakhazikika. Malo oti mbewu zokulira ziyeneranso kusankhidwa ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Ngati palibe malo otere, kupopera mpweya kumakhala njira yofunikira kamodzi patsiku. Pogwiritsa ntchito nzeru zina zakumunda kwanu, mutha kuwonjezera chinyontho cha mbewuyo ndikuchiyika pa pallet yokhala ndi dongo lokulirapo, moss kapena miyala yamiyala, pomwe pansi sikuyenera kukhudza madzi. Heliconia imamva bwino m'malo otetezeka kapena malo okhala otentha.
Kuika ndi feteleza wa heliconia
Chofunikanso ndikusinthidwa kwa pachaka kwa heliconia mchaka kukafika munthaka ya michere. Mulingo woyenera wa dothi ndi chisakanizo cha magawo awiri a nthaka yamasamba, gawo limodzi la dothi la humus, gawo limodzi la dothi louma komanso gawo limodzi la mchenga. Kuti muchotsere mizu yaulere, ndikofunikira pakuika kwina kulikonse kuti kuwonjezera mbale m'lifupi ndi masentimita 5. Zonena zazikulu zimayikidwa bwino m'machubu ndi zotulutsira madzi.
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika nthawi kuyambira mwezi wa Marichi mpaka Seputembala, ndi feteleza wama mineral ovuta kwambiri amodzi kamodzi pamwezi. Mavalidwe ovomerezeka komanso owonjezera. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, mbewu sizidyetsa.
Kufalikira kwa maluwa a heliconia ndi njere ndi zipatso
Zomera zikayamba kufalikira, mbewuzo zimamera ndikuzilowetsa m'madzi ofunda, otentha, pafupifupi madigiri 60-70. Zilowerere zimakhala bwino kwambiri mu thermos, kwa maola 48-72, nthawi ndi nthawi kusintha madzi kuti akhale atsopano ndi kutentha koyamba.
Kenako bzalani nyemba zosakanikirana ndi gawo limodzi la dothi lamasamba, mbali ziwiri za dothi louma, gawo limodzi la humus ndi 0,5 mchenga, ndikuwonjezera gawo laling'ono la phytosporin pa osakaniza. Matenthedwe nthawi yomweyo amathandizira madigiri 25 ndi pamwamba, kuphimba mbewu ndi filimu. Nthawi ndi nthawi utsi ndi mpweya wabwino mbale. Mbewu zilibe kumera limodzi ndipo zimatha kupitilira miyezi 4.
Pofalitsa heliconia m'njira yachilengedwe: ndikudula kapena kugawa tchire, mizu imachitika mwachangu kwambiri. Zomera zazing'ono zibzalidwe m'miphika 11 za sentimita. Patsani madzi okwanira ndi kukonza pa kutentha kwama degree 20.
Mbewu itaphimbidwa ndi mtanda wa dothi, perekani masinthidwe mumiphika ya masentimita 15-16. Gawo laling'ono limapangidwa molingana ndi chiwembu chomwecho monga pakufalikira kwa heliconia ndi njere. Pang'onopang'ono, pomwe mbewu zazing'onoyi zikamakula ndikuyamba kumata matope, onjezerani kutsika ndi mainchesi a mbale ndi mainchesi 5 mpaka 10.
