Kukongola kwa Euphorbia (Euphorbia pulcherrima), komwe kumatchedwanso Poinsettia, ndi nthumwi ya banja la mtundu wa Euphorbia. Kuthengo, mbewu zotere zimapezeka kumadera otentha a Central America ndi Mexico. Chomera ichi ndi chitsamba chobiriwira nthawi zonse, chifukwa kuthengo kuthengo kwake kumakhala kutalika kwa 4 metres. Komabe, pakukulira kunyumba, kutalika kwa chitsamba kumangofikira mamita 0.3-0,5. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira ali ndi petioles, m'mphepete mwa serator ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10 mpaka 15. Ma inflorescence okhala ndi mawonekedwe a Rosette amakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono achikasu achikasu, ndipo mozungulira iwo ma bulget of utoto wokhazikika amapangika, pomwe anthu osadziwa amakhulupirira kuti awa ndi maluwa. Masiku ano, chifukwa cha obereketsa, mitundu yokhala ndi zoyera, zapinki, zachikasu, ndimatayala awiri, zidabadwa. Chomera ichi chidatchedwa Mtumiki woyamba waku America ku Mexico, a Joel Roberts Poinsett, anali wokonda botany ndipo amasilira kukongola kwa poinsettia. Zomera zoterezi zimamasulira Khrisimasi, mogwirizana ndi izi zimatchedwanso "nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi" kapena "nyenyezi yaku Betelehemu".
Kufotokozera Mwachidule Za Chisamaliro
- Maluwa. Chikhalidwechi chimamasula pa Khrisimasi Khrisimasi ndi Chaka Chatsopano.
- Kupepuka. Kuwala kowala, koma kosakanikirana kumafunikira (mawindo akummawa kapena kumadzulo).
- Kutentha. Pa kukula ndi kutukuka - kuyambira madigiri 18 mpaka 25, nthawi yamaluwa - kuyambira 14 mpaka 16 madigiri, panthawi yokhala matalala - kuchokera 12 mpaka 14 madigiri.
- Kuthirira. M'nyengo yotentha, tchire limamwera madzi ambiri komanso mwadongosolo, ndipo nthawi yozizira - nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono.
- Chinyezi cha mpweya. Panthawi yamaluwa, tchire liyenera kukhala lonyowa mwadongosolo kuchokera ku sprayer ndi madzi ofunda.
- Feteleza. Chomera chimadyetsedwa masika, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira 2 pamwezi ndi feteleza wovuta wa mchere. Pa nthawi yamaluwa atchire mudzafunika feteleza wokhala ndi potaziyamu yambiri.
- Kudulira. Kawiri pachaka: mu Epulo, chitsamba chimafupikitsidwa masentimita 15, komanso mutabzala, mbewuyo imapangidwa.
- Nthawi yopumula. M'mwezi wa March kapena Epulo kwa masabata 6-7.
- Thirani. Pafupipafupi kamodzi pachaka kumapeto kwa mathedwe.
- Kuswana. Kudula.
- Tizilombo. Ma thrips, mealybugs, whiteflies, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nthata za akangaude.
- Matenda. Gray zowola, powdery mildew, fusarium.
Kukula poinsettia
Monga lamulo, euphorbia wokongola kwambiri amapezeka pakamasamba ogulitsa ndikuperekedwa ngati mphatso ya Khrisimasi. Nthawi zambiri, chitsamba chikazimiririka, chimafa, koma ngati chisamalidwa bwino, chomera chimakhala chosatha, ndipo chimakongoletsa nyumba yanu nthawi iliyonse ya Khrisimasi. Malangizo okulitsa nkhonya:
- Masamba atayamba kuwuluka mozungulira, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuthirira kwa mbewu iyi, pomwe gawo lapansi liyenera kukhala louma. Muyeneranso kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ku dothi losakanikirana ndikufupikitsa mphukira mpaka 15 cm kuchokera pansi. Kenako chidebe chomwe chili ndi maluwa chimayikidwa m'malo abwino komanso amdima pomwe chimakhala mpaka Meyi.
- Ndi kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, kukondoweza kwa chiyambi cha kukula kwa poinsetia kudzafunika, pomwe kuyenera kuyikidwa m'malo otentha. Kenako muyenera kuyamba kuthilira ndi kuthira feteleza ndi mchere wa michere. Tchire ikayamba kukula, kuisintha ndikuyiyika mu gawo lapansi yatsopano ndikofunikira.
- M'masiku oyamba a Okutobala, mbewu zimayenera kuyikidwa m'bokosi usiku zomwe sizimalola. Kapena mphika ungayikidwe mu kabati, pomwe uyenera kukhalapo osachepera maola 14 patsiku. Izi zimathandizira kuyika masamba mu chitsamba.
- Kuyambira pachiyambi cha kutsegulira kwa maburashi kupita ku tchire, ndikofunikira kupereka chisamaliro chokhazikika.
Mukakulitsa mkaka wokongola, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti msuzi wamadzimadzi womwe umabisika ndi woopsa. Madziwo amatha kuvulaza kwambiri maso ngati atalowa. Pakhala pali nthawi zina pomwe msuzi wa mbewu iyi ndiomwe udapangitsa kuti thupi lawo lisagwidwe. Ikalowa m'mimba, izi zimayambitsa kusanza komanso kudzimbidwa. Pankhani imeneyi, panthawi ya ntchito ndi maluwa ndikofunikira kuvala magolovu oteteza.
Mamembala onse am'banja la Euphorbia ndi poyizoni. Komabe, chisamaliro cha mbewu zotere zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri kutengera mitundu.
Kusamalira Poinsettia Panyumba
Euphorbia wokongola amalimbikitsidwa kukula pazenera la kummawa kapena kumadzulo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti duwa loterolo limakumana ndi zovuta kwambiri pakukonzekera ndikuwongolera dzuwa. Munthawi yogwira chitsamba, kutentha m'chipindacho kuyenera kukhala kuchokera ku 18 mpaka 25 madigiri, nthawi ya maluwa - kuyambira madigiri 14 mpaka 16, komanso panthawi ya matalala - kuyambira 12 mpaka 14 madigiri.
M'nyengo yotentha, tchire limafunikira kuthiriridwa mwadongosolo komanso zochuluka. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, gawo lapansi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono. Tchire litayamba kuphuka, liyenera kuti lizipukutidwa kuchokera ku sprayer ndi madzi ofunda.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kuvala pamwamba kwambiri kwa mbewu yotere kuyenera kuchitika mu nthawi yophukira, nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yachilimwe 1 pa theka la mwezi, chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza ovuta. Tchire likamasamba, adzafunika feteleza wokhala ndi potaziyamu yambiri. Koma alimi ambiri ndiwachikhulupiriro ndipo samadyetsa poinsettia nthawi yamaluwa.
Thirani
Kuyika kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika, monga lamulo, mu Epulo-Meyi. Amachita izi kumapeto kwa nyengo yadzutse pambuyo pakupezeka masamba achitsamba. Pakubzala, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi la acidic, lomwe limaphatikizapo dongo, masamba ndi nthaka ya sod, ndi mchenga pazotsatira 3: 2: 1: 1. Pansi pamphika, ndikofunikira kupanga chosanjikiza. Pakusintha, poto watsopano uyenera kukhala wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa wakale. Kuti tchire lisamavutike pang'ono pakagwirirani, munthu ayenera kutengera njira yopatsira.
Kudulira kwa Poinsetia
Kudulira mkaka wokongola sikungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Izi zimachitika kawiri pachaka: m'masiku oyamba a Epulo nthawi yokhala matalala, pomwe chitsamba chimafupikitsidwa mpaka 15 cm kuchokera ku gawo lapansi, komanso pambuyo pake, pomwe mphukira zazing'ono zimayamba kukula pafupi ndi chitsamba. Chifukwa cha kudulira, zitheka kupanga chitsamba chowoneka bwino nthawi yomweyo, mutadula zofooka zonse, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zodulira pobzala ngati mukufuna.
Kufalitsa kwa Poinsettia
Pansi pazachilengedwe, euphorbia yotere imafalikira m'njira yopanga (mbewu). Mukakula m'nyumba, kufalitsa kwa mbewu zotere pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodula. Kukolola kwa zodula kuyenera kuchitika masabata oyamba achilimwe, kutalika kwake kuyenera kufikira 70-100 mm, pomwe ayenera kukhala ndi masamba osachepera 3-6. Choyambacho chimayenera kuchitidwa mwachindunji pansi paodetsa. Magawo omwe ali ndi kagawo pansi amayenera kumizidwa m'madzi ofunda, pomwe amakhala kwa mphindi zingapo, kuti madzi owopsa atuluke. Pambuyo pake, malo a magawo amathandizidwa ndi yankho la chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa kukula kwa mizu. Pambuyo pake, zimabzalidwa mumipanda yodzazidwa ndi zosakaniza zonyowa nthaka, zomwe zimaphatikizapo manyowa owuma, mchenga ndi humus. Chotetezacho chimatsukidwa pamalo otentha bwino (kuyambira madigiri 24 mpaka 28) popanda kuwala kowala, pomwe botilo liyenera loyamba kuphimbidwa ndi filimu. Musaiwale kuti nthawi ndi nthawi mumatha kuwaza ndi kupatsiramo maudulidwe.
Pakadutsa milungu pafupifupi 4, zodulidwazo ziyenera kuzika mizu kwathunthu, ndipo zimasunthidwa kumalo ozizira, koma sayenera kuzizira kuposa madigiri 16. Mu nthawi yophukira, mbewu zazing'ono zimayenera kubzala m'miphika, m'mimba mwake kufika 18 mpaka 20 sentimita, kokha patatha chaka chaka tchire limakhala lokongola kwambiri ndikuyamba kuphuka.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Tizilombo
Nthawi zina, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga kupukusa, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tizilomboti, nthomba ndi nthangala za akangaude zimakhazikika pach chitsamba. Mealybugs imatha kupanga khungu lanu kukhala loyera, pomwe maliseche ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimasiya malo owuma pamtunda wa masamba. Kuti muwawononge, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe kapena kuchiza chitsamba ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pofuna kuthana ndi nkhaza ndi nsabwe, masamba ake amayenera kutsukidwa ndi sopo ndi madzi mbali zonse ziwiri tsiku lililonse, kenako amasambitsidwe. Pofuna kuwononga nyongolotsi, masamba amathandizidwa ndi mafuta amchere. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, kuti muwononge tizirombo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Matenda
Chomera chotere chimatha kudwala ndi Fusarium, zowola imvi kapena powdery mildew. Kukula kwa imvi zowola kumalimbikitsidwa ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka cha mpweya, pomwe pama inflorescences, zimayambira ndi mphukira pamakhala pachimake pakhungu la imvi, ndipo mawanga a bulauni amawoneka. Tchire lomwe lakhudzidwa liyenera kuthandizidwa ndi Scor, Fundazole kapena Celandine.
Chifukwa cha Fusarium, zimayambira zimayamba zofiirira, kenako zakuda, pambuyo pake zimazimiririka ndikufa. Tchire lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi nthimba ya ufa, maluwa otuwa oyera amawonekera pamaluwa ndi masamba, ndipo matendawa akamakula, chitsamba pansi pake chimasanduka chofiirira. Kuti muthe kuthana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa fungicidal, mwachitsanzo, Topaz, Chistotel, Fitosporin-M kapena Skor.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Chifukwa chiyani masamba a poinsetia amasanduka achikasu
Ngati tchire liri m'chipinda chozizira, ndipo nthawi yomweyo madzi amakhala akunjenjemera mu gawo lapansi, zowola zimawoneka pamizu, ndipo masamba amasanduka achikaso.
Komanso masamba amatha kutembenukira chikaso ngati chipindacho chili ndi chinyezi chambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, nthata za akangaude zimakhazikika pach chitsamba, chifukwa cha momwe maonekedwe a tsamba amasinthira.
Chifukwa chiyani poinsettia imagwera masamba
Nthambi zimatha kuwuluka chifukwa cha chinyezi chambiri m'chipindacho kapena chifukwa chosayenda madzi m'gawo lapansi m'chipinda chozizirirapo. Choyamba, masamba amasamba amakhala achikasu, kenako nkuwuluka. Chikasu ndikuwuluka masamba ndikuwona kuthilira kambiri.
Pambuyo pakuti tchuthi cha Khrisimasi chatha, masamba a masamba kuthengo amatembenukira chikasu ndikuwuluka. Chifukwa chake kukonzekera kwa mbewu nthawi yonseyo kumachitika.
Nthawi zina, masamba amatha kuuluka chifukwa cha kuwunika bwino kapena kusintha kwa kutentha.
Zomwe poinsettia sizimera
Nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti malamulo agrotechnical okula mbewu iyi adaphwanyidwa. Kuti mupewe zolakwika zotere, ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire mosamala gawo loyang'ana maluwa okongola. Kuti chitsamba chizimera ndendende, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kutentha ndi kuwunika koyenera.
Poinsetia pambuyo maluwa
Nthawi yonse yopumira poinsettia imayamba mu Marichi kapena Epulo, ndipo imatenga pafupifupi miyezi 1.5. Masamba atayamba kuuluka tchire, zitsamba zake ziyenera kufupikitsidwa masentimita 15 kuchokera pamwamba pa gawo lapansi. Kenako mphikawo umasamutsidwira kumalo abwino komanso amdima. Chomera chimapumira bwino, chimangoyamwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi madzi ochepa. M'mwezi wa Meyi, nthawi yopumira idzatha, ndipo duwa liyenera kusamalidwa bwino monga mwachizolowezi.
