Boxwood (maina ena ndi bokosi la axle, buscus, mtengo wamwala) ndi chitsamba chokongola nthawi zonse chokhala ndi mitengo yolimba kwambiri yomwe imatha kukongoletsa mawonekedwe aliwonse.
Chomera cha pulasitikichi chimalekerera ma haircut pafupipafupi. Papangidwe ka malo, mipanda yolumikizana ndi malire imapangidwa kuchokera kumabokosi a boxwood, obzalidwa ngati zokhazokha pamiyala, nyimbo zobiriwira zobiriwira - zoseweretsa - ndi "zojambula". Ma mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a volumetric geometric amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo - ma cubes, mapiramidi, mipira, kupanga ma labyrinths osavuta.
Chingwecho chimakula pang'onopang'ono mpaka chimatha kupanga mawonekedwe ndi kunenepa kwambiri kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumutu. Kwa chaka chimodzi chimakula ndi masentimita 5-6 okha. Amakhulupirira kuti pokhapokha ngati mitengo ya boxwood imatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 600. Kukula pang'onopang'ono komanso kukongoletsa kwapamwamba kwa korona kunapangitsa kuti ikhale gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakapangidwe kamkati. Omwe alimi ambiri amateur adakhazikitsa mtengo wosangalatsa uwu m'nyumba zawo.
Mwachilengedwe, boxwood imamera, kutengera mitundu, kuyambira 2 mpaka 14 mita kutalika. Imapezeka mumtengo ndi mtengo wa shrub. Kuthengo, imapezeka kum'mwera kwa Africa, Central America, kumwera kwa Europe, Western Asia, Oceania ndi Japan.
Tilankhula za mitundu, mawonekedwe a botanical, kubzala ndi kusamalira boxwood pansipa.
Mitundu ya Boxwood
Mtengowo uli ndi mitundu pafupifupi 30 ndipo ndi woopsa. Nthawi yomweyo, boxwood imakhalanso ndi mankhwala othandizira antibacterial. Muli kosakhazikika, komwe kumapha mabakiteriya ambiri okhala ndi tizilombo. Maluwa a Boxwood ndi ochepa, nondescript, alibe mtengo wokongoletsa. Chipatsochi ndi kapu yolimba yokhala ndi masamba atatu.
Ngati muli ndi ana ang'ono m'nyumba yanu, mutapatsidwa kuwopsa kwa boxwood, ndibwino kuti musadzabzale m'nyumba kapena pa chiwembu.
Pazokongoletsa zokongoletsa malo, mtengo wobiriwira nthawi zonse (Buxus sempervirens) umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka. Pamaziko ake, mitundu ingapo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana idapangidwa, ndikusintha mtundu wobiriwira wamasamba oyera ndi oyera achikasu. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti kukongoletsa kwapamwamba kwa mbewuzi kunachepetsa kuuma kwawo kwa dzinja.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya axolus imasiyana kwambiri kutalika, kukula kwake, mtundu wa korona. Chifukwa chake, pakupanga mawonekedwe, mitundu yodzala imasankhidwa potengera cholinga chawo:
- Kwa ma bwalo otsika ndi malire, mitundu yomwe ikukula Blauer Heinz ndi Suffruticosa ndiyabwino. Zomera za m'malire zimabzalidwa mzere mtunda wa 30-30 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
- Pama fomu ang'onoang'ono a dimba, komanso masamba azomera, malo obzala amitundu yosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, "Green Gem" kapena "Suffruticosa", amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Kwa ziboliboli zazikulu zobiriwira, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito malo obzala, magulu 2-5 amitundu yayitali. Bokosi labwino kwambiri labwinobwino nthawi zonse limakhala loyenerera bwino chifukwa chaichi.
Mitundu ina ya Buchus ndi yocheperako, komabe, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito bwino popanga zokongoletsera zamaluwa ndi mapangidwe ake. Kumpoto komwe kukukula kuli mitundu yambiri yolimba yozizira iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala panthaka. Mpaka pano, mitundu yozizira kwambiri yolimba imaganiziridwa:
- Buxus Sempervirens;
- Manja;
- Blauer Heinz;
- Herrenhausen
- Rotundifolia
Tiyeneranso kutchulidwa kuti boxwood ndi mbewu yabwino yopangira bonsai. Masamba ang'ono ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono amakupatsani mwayi wopangira zaluso zazing'ono zazing'ono muzikhala zoyenera. Zoyenera kwambiri kwa bonsai zimadziwika kuti ndi "Buxus harlandii Hance" yosiyanasiyana.
Dothi lobzala boxwood
Kubzala boxwood, dothi liyenera kukhala:
- wodala;
- ndi ndale acidity;
- zopatsa thanzi;
- kumasuka ndi kupuma;
- chotsekeramo madzi.
Pa dothi lotere, mbewu za boxwood zimamera mwamphamvu, zamasamba ochepa, zonyezimira. Boxwood imatha kumera panthaka zosauka, koma imachepetsa kukula kwa korona, ngakhale ikhalabe yolimba komanso yolimba.
Kudera lomwe boxwood imamera, palibe chifukwa choti madzi azimilira - chomera sichimalola konse. Dothi lolemera komanso acidic ndilonso siloyenera ku boxwood. Pamadothi oyipa amchenga pansi pa boxwood, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kompositi ndi kucha.
Ngati malo a malowa samakulolani kubzala boxwood pamalo otseguka, ndiye kuti mutha kuyilima bwino m'miyeso mwa kukumba m'malo oyenerera pansi. Zotengera zomwezo, mbewu zimatha nthawi yozizira. Zopezamo ziyeneranso kukhala ndi mbewu zazing'ono kwa zaka 2-3 asanabzalidwe m'malo okhazikika.
Boxwood ikamatera
Kubzala boxwood poyera ndiyabwino kuchitidwa mchaka, kumayambiriro kwa kutentha. Kutalika kwa nthawi ngati kumeneku kumafunika kuti mbewu ipange mizu yophukira. Mizu ya mbande ikakula, amatha kukhala ndi mwayi wopulumuka nthawi yozizira pamalo otentha.
Ngati mukufuna kufalitsa mbewu zachikale, izi zitha kuchitika nthawi yonse yotentha. Zofunika! Zomera za boxwood za achikulire sizimakonda kwambiri zokolola. Chifukwa chake, mukakumba chomera, muyenera kuchichotsa ndi dothi lalikulu lokwanira kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa mizu. Ndikofunika kulola kuti boxwood ikule pamalo okhazikika, ndikusintha gawo lapansi lokhalo pansi pake. Izi zipatsa mtengowu chakudya chochuluka.
Pakubzala boxwood, muyenera kukonzekera maenje omwe amapitilira muyeso wa mizu yolankhulidwa kawiri - mozama komanso m'lifupi. Hafu ya dzenje limadzazidwa ndi mchenga wowuma, masamba humus ndi nthaka ya sod (1: 4: 2). Feteleza wa potaziyamu akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku gawo lapansi, pambuyo pake kuthira madzi ambiri. Pambuyo pake, mmera umayikidwa mosamala dzenje, kufalitsa mizu, ndipo gawo lotsala latsanuliridwa, kutsekera.
Kusamalira Boxwood
Boxwood ndi wakummwera. Imalekerera dzuwa la chilimwe mosavuta. Koma cheza chowala cha masika chimatha kumuwonongera.
Kutentha kadzuwa, komanso kuzizira kwa masamba chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira komanso mphepo yozizira, zitha kubweretsa kufa kwa gawo la mlengalenga. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kusamalira chitetezo cha malo anu asanakonzekere.
Kutengera mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa mitengo yamtundu wa boxwood, njira zingapo zoyikitsira ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Malo otsetsereka ocheperako amatha kuphimbira nyengo yozizira ndi maukonde apadera, kutchinga kosakongoletsa kapena kuwombera. Poterepa, zida zonse zophimba ziyenera kulimbikitsidwa molimbika kuti chisanu chofunda chisathe nthambi.
- Mitundu yaying'ono yokhayo ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi mabokosi a plywood okhala ndi mabowo olowera mpweya.
- Zomera pa tsinde zimayenera kumangirizidwa ndi ma shina olimba ndikakulungidwa ndi nthambi za coniferous spruce.
- Mitundu yayikulu ya dimba imakutidwa ndi nsalu yotakata yosasanjika m'magawo angapo.
Ndikayamba kutentha kwa masika, malo onse okhala ku boxwood amachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Ngati izi sizinachitike, ndiye kuti mbewuzo zingakule.
Njira zoteteza zoterezi zatsimikizira bwino, koma sizothandiza nthawi zonse. Pankhaniyi, malo amodzi othandiza kwambiri amapulumutsa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pobzala ndikusamalira boxwood. Chomerachi chimatha kulolera, nthawi zina chimakhala chololera. Chifukwa chake, minda yamtundu wa boxwood iyenera kukhalapo pansi pa nyumba, zomangira kapena mitengo yayikulu, kuti izitetezedwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi mphepo. Boxwood imamverera bwino mu cholembera, kapena gawo lomwe ladziwitsidwa ndi dzuwa gawo limodzi lokha la tsiku.
Chisamaliro cha boxwood cham'madzi chimakhala ndi mulching ndi peat kapena humus nthaka mozungulira mbewu, komanso kuthirira nthawi zonse. Popeza boxwood imakonda chinyontho, dothi lozungulira malowo liyenera kuti lizikhala lonyowa pang'ono, kupewa kuti ziwonongeke pamwamba. Zomera zimathanso kudulidwa kuchokera ku aerator kuti inyowetse masamba. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Chisamaliro cha Boxwood chimaphatikizanso kukonzera mbewu nthawi yachisanu. Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, isanayambike kuzizira, boxwood iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi kuti ipange chinyezi m'malo osungira mbewu. Zitatha izi, dothi loyazungulira liyenera kukumbikiridwa ndi singano za peat kapena paini. Osagwiritsa ntchito masamba agwa kuti mulching. Masamba ochulukirapo nthawi yachisanu mu nthawi yophukira amatha kusokoneza kayendedwe ka mpweya mu nthaka ndipo mizu ya mtengo wamtengowu imawopsezedwa ndi kuwola. Kukonzekera kwa mitengo yamtundu wa boxwood nthawi yachisanu kumathandizira kuti mizu ndi chinyezi cha masamba obiriwira zizikhala zotentha.
Ngati mbewuyo yakula mchikhalidwe cha zitsamba, ndiye kuti pofika zaka 2-3 imatha kusiyidwa kuti ikhale yozizira pamsewu poyikapo poto ndi chomera osati mwach pansi, koma mu chidebe chachikulu chomwe chakumbidwa, chodzazidwa ndi peat kapena utuchi. Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa chomerayo ndi yolungika, ndipo chomeracho chimakutidwa.
Ndikofunikira kudyetsa mtengo wa axle 3-4 nthawi yachilimwe, pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wophatikiza kapena michere yachilengedwe.
Mfundo yofunika posamalira mbewu za boxwood ndikumeta kwake. Nthawi zambiri imapangidwa katatu pachaka, kupatsa malo obzala bwino momwe amafunikira.
Boxwood ilibe tizirombo tambiri, chifukwa mtengowo uli ndi ma alkaloid owopsa omwe amachotsa tizilombo tambiri. Boxwood ikhoza kuwonongeka:
- Monarthropalpus;
- kangaude;
- boxwood adamverera;
- matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi.
Kuti tipewe kuwonongeka mukamadzula mitengo ya boxwood, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mosamala nthambi zonse zouma ndi zopota, komanso kuthana ndi malo obzala ndi njira zophera tizilombo.
Boxwood imafalitsidwa ndi njira yofesedwa ndi mbewu. Njira yachiwiri ndiyabwino, popeza nthangala za boxwood zilibe kumera kwambiri. Zodulidwa zobiriwira, m'malo mwake, zimakhala ndi mizu yambiri, ndipo kumeta kulikonse kumapereka zowonjezera zowonjezera kuti ziberekenso. Kuphatikiza pa mizu yodula mizu, kuzika kwa mizu ya achinyamata kungagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kusamalira Boxwood Kunyumba
Kwa nthawi yayitali Buskus amalimidwa ngati mbewu yakunyumba. Komabe, kusamalira boxwood kunyumba kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake, zomwe zidamupangira mbiri ngati chomera chosasangalatsa.
Chophimba pazenera la boxwood chimayenera kusankhidwa kummawa kapena kumadzulo, kapena kuyiyika pafupi ndi zenera pambali ina. Ngati chomera cha boxwood chizikhala pazenera lakumwera, ndiye kuti ndizofunikira kupereka shading kuchokera kumadzulo dzuwa.
Kuti chiweto chanu chisamataye masamba, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa boma la kuthirira ndi kunyowa.
Palibe chifukwa madzi ayenera kudziunjikira poto - izi zitha kuyambitsa kuvunda kwa mizu ya tinthu.
Zomera ziyenera kuthiriridwa tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso kuthiridwa muthala. Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa. Boxwood iyenera kupitirira kutentha pa 6-10 ° C. Mutha kuyika pakati pazenera pazenera m'zipinda zokhala ndi mawonekedwe akale. Pamaso pa mawindo apulasitiki amakono, chomera cha boxwood chogwirizira nyengo yachisanu chitha kukhazikitsidwa pansi ndi khomo loyang'ana khonde.
Boxwood ikhoza kuthandizidwa pokhapokha ngati kuchoka. Popeza imakula pang'onopang'ono, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuisinthira kamodzi pakatha zaka 2-3. Ndizotheka kuchepetsa bokosi lamkati mozungulira chaka chonse.
Ngati mukukula bonsai, muyenera kukumbukira kuti boxwood sifunikira kufalikira. Mizu yake ikawonongeka, mbewuyo imatha kutaya masamba ake.
Ngati malamulo osavuta kwambiri awa a chisamaliro cha boxwood kunyumba akatsatiridwa, ndiye kuti chomera ichi chimakusangalatsani ndi mphamvu zake zosatha komanso kukongola kwazaka zambiri.
