Udzu wobwezeretsedwa, kapena, monga momwe umatchulidwira moyenera, sitiroberi remontanas, umapezeka kwambiri paminda osati kokha ndi amateurs, komanso akatswiri. Nthawi zina zimakhala m'magawo ofunikira, ndipo eni ake amakhutitsidwa ndi izi. Komabe, kudabwitsidwa kuti, kufikira lero, anthu ambiri ali ndi mafunso okhudza chisamaliro choyenera cha sitiroberi, ngati kuti zodabwitsazi zapadera zinabweretsedwa kudziko lathu masiku angapo apitawa.
Kusamalira tchire la sitiroberi yokonzanso.
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa sitiroberi wam'munda ndi sitiroberi wamba ndikutheka kwake ndipo, motero, kubala zipatso kawiri pa nyengo, popanda yopuma. Ndi mbeu zochepa chabe, monga raspberries ndi zipatso zingapo za citrus, zomwe zimatha kuchita izi.
Masamba audzu wokonza mitundu atha kubzala maluwa nthawi yayitali masana (mwachitsanzo, wopanga Garland) kapena munthawi zosavutikira (mwachitsanzo, Wonder of the World zosiyanasiyana). Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mitundu yomwe imatha kubzala maluwa nthawi yayitali masana imapereka 40% yokolola m'mwezi wa Julayi mpaka 60% yokolola mu Ogasiti.
Munda wa sitiroberi wokhalitsa, wokhoza kuyika maluwa osalowerera masana, umamasuka ndipo umabala zipatso nthawi yonse yofundira, pang'onopang'ono kubwezeretsa kukolola kwake. Popeza kudula kwakukulu ndi kubzala kwa mbewu, malo obzala masamba obiriwira omwe amapezeka kawiri pachaka amafunikanso kusinthidwa kamodzi pazaka zitatu, ndi omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yotentha - kamodzi pazaka ziwiri zilizonse, nthawi iliyonse kusintha malo.
M'zinthu zathu, tiyesetsa kukuwuzani zanzeru zobisika zosamalira dimba lodzikongoletsera.
Kodi kusamalira munda sitiroberi remontant?
Mokulira, mitundu ya sitiroberi singamachedwe, kuti ndiyabwinobwino, yonseyi ndi yosazindikira, komabe ndiyosavuta kusamala. Mwachitsanzo, aliyense amadziwa kuti mitundu yamakono ya zipatso zopangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso zazing'onoting'ono zimatha kupanga zipatso zolemera 65 mpaka 90 magalamu kapena kupitilira apo. Mwachilengedwe, izi zimabweretsa mwayi wambiri kuti nthaka ithetsedwe mwachangu ndi kufunika kwa feteleza wina. Mwina ndi chifukwa chake wamaluwa angapo, mosiyana ndi malingaliro ambiri, akulangizidwa kuti azichotsa zoyambirira zoyambirira zam'madzi. Kenako, mbewu yachiwiri ya sitiroberi yokonza, choyambirira, idzakhala yoyambirira kuposa tsiku lofunika, chifukwa chake, mbewuzo zimakonzekera nyengo yachisanu komanso popanda kulowererapo kwa anthu. Kachiwiri, zipatso zake zidzakhala zazikulu komanso zokulirapo. Nthawi zina, zochuluka, zokolola zonse zikatha kulandira phwando losavuta ngati izi zimaposa mbewu zonse ziwiri kapena nyengo yonse - pokonza mitundu yamtundu wina.
Kusamalira dimba la masamba a sitiroberi kumaphatikizira magawo omwe ayenera kuvomerezedwa - ichi ndi chofunikira kuthirira (mbewu zizipatsidwa chinyezi chambiri), feteleza (chilichonse ndichabwino pang'ono, koma mbewu sizikhala ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa chinthu chimodzi kapena china), kumasula dothi (pambuyo pa chilichonse kuthirira ndi mvula kuti mupewe kupangika kwa kutumphuka kwa dothi pomwe kusinthana kwa mpweya ndi madzi kusokonekera), kuyika mabedi (mutathirira aliyense, chifukwa kumalepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole ndi mapangidwe a kutumphuka kwa dothi), kuwongolera maudzu (makamaka udzu wa tirigu ndiye woipa kwambiri) otsutsana nawo a mbewu), kuwonongedwa kwa tizirombo ndi matenda (koyambirira kwa mawonekedwe awo), kudulira matchire (njira yotsalira ya sitiroberi yamtundu wokonza) ndipo, pomaliza, kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu (gawo lofunikira m'moyo wa sitiroberi wokonza).
Zofunika! Wamaluwa omwe wadutsa pamoto ndi madzi amalimbikitsa kuti mulching mabedi ndi sitiroberi wokongoletsa, chifukwa mizu ya zipatso izi, mosiyana ndi sitiroberi wamba, imakhala yayitali ndipo mbewu nthawi zambiri zimadwala chifukwa chosowa chinyezi. Kuti musunge madzi othirira muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mulch nthawi yomweyo mutathirira (ndipo ndibwino kuthira ndi madzi firiji madzulo). Monga mulch pakhoza kukhala spruce singano, utuchi, udzu, humus, udzu, wamba kutchetcha udzu. Kuphatikiza pakutetezedwa kuti madzi asaonongeke, mulch imatetezanso zipatso kuchokera m'nthaka komanso kuthirira ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole (musaiwale za iwo!).
Samalirani sitiroberi.
Kuthirira sitiroberi wokhalitsa
Kukonzanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso za m'munda kumafunika kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri kuposa sitiroberi wamba wamba, makamaka munyengo zowuma za chaka. Mukangodzala mbande, mbewu zimafunikira kuthiriridwa tsiku lililonse, kenako pakatha masiku asanu mpaka asanu ndi limodzi, kuthirira kungachitike tsiku lina lililonse, ndipo pamapeto pake padzakhala kuthirira kokwanira kangapo pamwezi.
Pothirira sitiroberi, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda pa kutentha kwa firiji, chabwino ngati madzi amvula atengedwa mu mbiya utoto wakuda. Mutha kuthirira m'minda m'macheza ndi m'mawa. Mukathirira, yesani kuonetsetsa kuti dothi lomwe akukonzamo sitiroberi limanyowa kuyambira masentimita awiri mpaka atatu nthawi imodzi.
Ponena za mulch ya sitiroberi wokonzanso, ndiye, monga tidalemba pamwambapa, timafunikira, koma sikofunikira kuphimba dothi ndi mulch mukangothirira, zitha kuchitika tsiku lotsatira. M'malo mwa mulch, mwachitsanzo, ngati kukugwa mvula, nthaka yomwe ili munjira imatha kumasulidwa mosamala. Koma kumbukirani: ndikofunikira kuti tisawononge mizu, yomwe, monga tidalemba kale, yomwe ili pafupi ndi nthaka kuposa sitiroberi wamba. Chinthu chachikulu mukaluka kapena kumasula ndikupewa kutumphuka, kuti mpweya udutse mizu momasuka.
Ngati kunja kulibe mvula kwanthawi yayitali ndipo dothi likuuma, ndiye kuti mutha kuphwanya malamulo onse okwanira ndikunyowetsa nthaka pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, osalola dothi kuti liziumire kwambiri, izi ndizofunikira. Ngati dothi lakhala louma kale, mwachitsanzo, m'nyumba yomwe mwakhala mukupita masiku angapo, ndiye kuti mumasuleni kaye dothi, kenako ndikuthirira, koma osachita mosiyana. Kutsirira pafupipafupi ndikofunika kwambiri chifukwa chosalowerera sitiroberi masana; bwanji, ndikuganiza kuti palibe chifukwa chofotokozera. Mitundu imodzimodziyi imafuna kuti muchotse pafupipafupi komanso moyenera, makamaka mvula ikagwa komanso kuchotsa masamba akufa omwe amasanduka ofiira.
Feteleza wokonza sitiroberi
Zikuwonekeratu kuti sitiroberi ya m'munda yokonzanso bwino yatha ndipo imafunikira chakudya choyenera. Zomera zomwe zimakonzedwa bwino kwambiri m'munda zimatha kudya zinthu monga nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu kuchokera m'nthaka. Koma amafunika phosphorous, koma pang'ono. Poganizira izi, phosphorous imatha kudyetsedwa kamodzi, ndikuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa superphosphate (15-20 g pa lalikulu mita) pokhoma kubzala mitengo ya sitiroberi.
Pulogalamu yoyipa yovala sitiroberi imakhala motere:
Nthawi zambiri, kuvala koyamba kwa mtundu wa mabulosi kumachitika mchaka chachitatu cha Meyi, munthawi imeneyi amagwiritsa ntchito urea, kapangidwe kake ndi kochepa mphamvu - gramu imodzi kapena ziwiri (ngati dothi ndilosauka, pa ndowa imodzi), izi ndizochita mwadongosolo lalikulu lalikulu. Pafupifupi theka lachiwiri la Juni, pomwe mapesi a maluwa obwereza kale ayamba kupanga mwachangu, mullein ikhoza kuyambitsidwa (1: 10 - kuchuluka kwa 0,5 l pa lalikulu mita kapena zitosi za mbalame 1: 15 - mu kuchuluka kwa malita 0,3 pa mita lalikulu). Pamodzi ndi feteleza wachilengedwe, ndizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito zovala zapamwamba monga mchere wa Mortar Kristallin kapena Kemira Lux.
Mwambiri, bwino, nyengo yonse iyenera kutambasulidwa kotero kuti pali feteleza pafupifupi khumi, osakaniza fetelezayu.
Njira yachiwiri yovalira pamwamba pa mabulosi oyikika ndi pomwe kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June mbewu zimadyetsedwa osati nthawi 10 zokha ndikuchepetsedwa komanso kuwirikiza ndi mbalame, komanso ndikuwonjezera 1% urea (1 g pachidebe chilichonse), izi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa 2 - 3 lalikulu mita.
Feteleza wokonza sitiroberi.
Matenda a remontant sitiroberi
Gray zowola
Munda wowola nthawi zambiri umatsutsidwa ndi imvi zowola. Imadziwonekera lokhazikika m'minda yokhazikika, pomwe dothi silimasulidwa ndipo kuthirira pafupipafupi kumachitika, makamaka ndikukonkha ndi madzi ozizira. Zomera zonse zakumtunda zimatha kugunda imvi, zomwe zimapangitsa kutaya kwa 85% ya mbewu yonse. Kuti tipewe kuwonekera kwa imvi zowola pa sitiroberi, ndikofunikira kubzala pamalowo molingana ndi zozizwitsa zamphamvu za kukula ndi chitukuko cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kupesa nthaka, komanso kokwanira, koma osati kuthirira kwambiri. Pachizindikiro choyamba cha matenda, ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwazo ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
Monga njira yolepheretsa, mutha kuthira mbewu kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakumera ndi madzi a 2.0% Bordeaux, ndipo mutakolola kumapeto kwenikweni kwa nyengo yokulira kuti mukonze zotsatira - 1% yankho la sulufule ya colloidal.
Pali fungicides yolimbana ndi matendawa, koma mutha kuigwiritsa ntchito ndikuloledwa, mogwirizana ndi malangizo omwe amaikidwa, mwachitsanzo, Strobi, Sinthani, Euparen, Triadimefon (Bayleton), Kaptan. Kutetezedwa kwakukulu pazndandanda zomwe zalimbikitsidwa ndi mankhwala a Alirin-B.
Maonekedwe a bulauni
Imadziwoneka yokha, monga momwe zinalili kale, mabango a sitiroberi amakwiririka, chinyezi chimachuluka kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku kumadumpha moonekeratu. Monga prophylaxis mchaka, chotsani masamba onse owuma kuti kachilomboka “asakhale” pa iwo ndikuchiza ndi 2% Bordeaux fluid. Musaiwale za mulching, zomwe sizingalole bowa kufika pamwamba.
Ngati matendawa ndi othandizira, ndiye kuti gwiritsani ntchito fungicides yololedwa, kutsatira mosamala malangizo omwe ali phukusili, mwachitsanzo, Skor, Strobi, Fundazol.
Powdery mildew
Chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda amtunduwu ndi mtundu wa masamba a tsamba la sitiroberi, ndiye kuti amapindika ndikusandulika imvi, ngati owazidwa ndi ufa wakale. Ngati simukufuna kuti matenda azikuyenderani, ndiye kuti kumayambiriro kwa kasupe zithandizirani mbewu ndi yofooka (pang'ono pang'onopang'ono) njira ya potaziyamu permanganate kapena 1% colloidal sodium.
Pali fungicides, koma gwiritsani ntchito okhawo ovomerezeka komanso mogwirizana ndi malangizo omwe ali phukusili, mwachitsanzo, Topaz, Fundazol, Tilt, Strobi ndi Fitosporin-M.
Brown wowona masamba a sitiroberi.
Powdery mildew pamasamba a sitiroberi.
Tizirombo ta Zomera Zotulutsidwa
Tizirombo tating'onoting'ono toyamba ta sitiroberi tomwe timakhala m'derali ndi aulesi. Ndidawathawa ndikubzala adyo pakati pa mizere: moona, sindinawonenso slug kamodzi.
Strawberry mite
Amawonedwa ngati tizilombo taopsa ta majeremusi: ngati iwononga masamba achichepere, ndiye kuti ndiwokhazikika komanso lopindika. Chomera chokhacho chimalepheretsa pang'ono kukula. Nkhupakupa imatha kupatsira theka lonse mbewu, ndipo popanda mankhwala, imatha kufa.
3% yankho la sulufule ya colloidal imathandizira kuthana ndi nkhupakupa, pokhapokha itatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro koyambira ndikututa. Inde, ndipo zoona, mitundu yonse ya ma acaricides omwe amaloledwa.
Strawberry Nematode
Nthawi zambiri, ngati sitiroberi imayambukiridwa ndi nematode, ndiye kuti masamba ake amakhala opindika komanso opindika. Chiwonetsero chazithunzi chimatha kuwoneka pa petioles: amakhala osalimba kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina amasemphana ndi mphepo. Kukutira pazomera zotere kumakhala kofowoka kapena kosakhalapo. Nematode imawonedwa ngati tizilombo tochotsekeka, ngati ilipo pamalopo, mbewuzo zimayenera kuchotsedwa pomwepo ndikuwotchedwa.
Spider mite
Nthawi zambiri, masamba a sitiroberi amasilira, ndipo ngati atatembenuka, ndiye kuti zinthu zofunika kwambiri za nthata zimawoneka - kangaude. Zotsatira zake, masamba amamasamba achikasu ndi owuma patsogolo pake. Wamaluwa alemba kuti Karbofos amathandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi kangaude. Mukatha kukolola, iwo amasunga mbewuzo ndikuphimba ndi zojambulazo kwa masiku angapo.
Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa sitiroberi ndi sitiroberi, kapena ma cyclamen mite.
Zomera za sitiroberi zakufa zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi sitiroberi sitiroberi.
Strawberry yomwe imagwidwa ndi kangaude.
Kudulira masamba obwezera
Kusamalira tchire la masamba abwinobwino, pakati pazinthu zina, kumaphatikizaponso kutulira. Nthawi zambiri kudulira tchire kumakhala kokwanira kuchita kamodzi pa nyengo - mwina masika kapena nthawi yophukira.
Ngati mukukhala m'dera lozizira lomwe sitima zam'madzi zimafunikira pobisalirapo, ndiye kuti kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa m'dzinja. Izi zimachitika motere: kukolola kotsiriza kwa mbewu yonse, masamba am'munsi amachotsedwa mu chitsamba, kuyesera kuti asakhudze masamba apamwamba, chifukwa m'machimo awo zipatso zimayikidwa, pomwe zipatso zimadzapangidwa nyengo yotsatira.
Zikakhala kuti zipatso sizipangidwa pamlomo wapamwamba ndipo horticulturist sakonzekera kufalitsa udzu wa sitiroberi m'njira iyi, ndiye kuti kuchotsedwa kwa masharubu ndikofunikira.
Kumbukirani, komabe, ndi lamulo ili: zipatso zoyambirira za sitiroberi ya remontant, masharubu nthawi zambiri samachotsedwa, koma masamba omwe adayamba kuuma, amapanga mawanga kapena kubisala masamba otukuka komanso athanzi, ayenera kuchotsedwa. Kuchotsa masamba awa kumatha kuchitika mu nthawi yokolola, masamba atayamba kuuma.
Ngati ndinu wokhala m'dera lozizira, ndiye kuti mutenge nthawi yanu ndikusamutsa opaleshoniyo ku kasupe, chotsani masamba oterowo patatha chisoti chofewa.
Zofunika! Ambiri amanyalanyaza kutengulira masamba ndi masamba ofunda a zipatso zam'munda, koma kuchotsedwa kwawo kuli ngati chikopa choteteza mbewu ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa ndimatenda akale, omwe masamba amatenga matenda.
Kusamalira kwa Autumn ndikukonzekera nyengo yachisanu
Zomera za masamba obiriwira patsiku lotentha lalitali nthawi zambiri sizikhwima pofika kumapeto kwa nyengo, makamaka ngati sizinakhwime. Popeza izi, sikuti gawo lokhalo limangotayika, koma nthawi zina mbewu zomwe zilibe nthawi kuti zizolowere kuzizira komanso chisanu zimavutikanso. Njira yabwino yopulumutsira mbeu zotere ndikuwaphimba ndi udzu watsopano 5-8 cm, ndi nthambi za spruce pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti udzuwo usawuluke ponsepo.
Munda wa masamba obiriwira kale.
Chidule
Monga mukuwonera, kukulitsa kukonza sitiroberi sikubweretsa zovuta zilizonse ndipo ngakhale woyambitsa akhoza kuthana ndi nkhaniyi, osanenanso katswiri.
Musaiwale, komabe, ngakhale tidalemba kale za izi, nkhalangozi ziyenera kukhala ndi moyo wosaposa zaka zitatu, pambuyo pake kubzala kuyenera kusinthidwa.
