Phlox

Chomera cha herbaceous monga phlox (Phlox) chikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi banja la cyanosis (Polemoniaceae). Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu pafupifupi 70, pomwe mitundu pafupifupi 40 imalimidwa. Phlox adakhala woyamba kumayiko a ku Europe cha m'ma 1800. Masiku ano, chifukwa cha obereketsa, pafupifupi mitundu 1.5,000 ya maluwa oterowo aonekera. Kuchokera ku Greek, phlox imamasuliridwa ngati lawi. Chifukwa chake mbewuyi idatchedwa K. Linnaeus mu 1737, ndizo zonse, chifukwa mitundu ina ya phlox, maluwa amakhala ndi utoto wambiri. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, maluwa oterewa amatha kupezeka ku North America. Chifukwa chakuti nyengo yamalo amenewo ndi yolimba, mbewuyo imadziwika ndi chisamaliro komanso mphamvu zambiri. Ndipo maluwa mu phlox ndi onunkhira bwino kwambiri, ndipo maluwa pawokha ndiotalika.

Zolemba za Phlox

Ma phloxes amtundu womwewo amatha kukhala osiyana kwambiri wina ndi mzake, ndipo izi zimakhudza mawonekedwe a nyengo yomwe duwa limamera. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, mbewu zomwe zimamera pamtunda wa 4,000 metres ndi bryophytes ndipo zimakhala ndi kukula pang'ono, masentimita 5-25 okha. Nthambi zawo zimayala masamba obiriwira nthawi zonse. Ngati mbewuyo imamera nyengo yabwino, ndiye kuti ili ndi chitsamba chowongoka, chomwe chitha kutalika masentimita 30-180. Palinso zitsamba. Zomera izi zimasiyanasiyana nthawi yamaluwa. Chifukwa chake, pali ena oyambirira (kasupe), pakati (chilimwe), komanso mochedwa (chilimwe-yophukira). Nthawi zambiri mitundu ndi mitundu yowongoka imapezeka. Masamba opindika kwambiri omwe ali pamalo otsika amatha kukhala opendekera-ovoid kapena ovalide-oval. Dongosolo la maluwa limasiyanasiyana kuyambira 2,5 mpaka 4 cm. Ali ndi mawonekedwe a tubular funnel ndipo ndi gawo limodzi lama inflorescence. Chifukwa chake, mu inflorescence imodzi pamatha kukhala maluwa 90. Duwa limakhala ndi ma stamens asanu, ma petals 5 owongoka pang'ono, komanso 1 pestle. Mitundu yambiri ya phlox ndi osatha. Komabe, Phlox drummondii phlox ndi mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu imawerengedwa chaka chilichonse.

Mitundu yayikulu ndi mitundu

Phlox pachaka

Phlox yabwino kwambiri pachaka imakhala Drummond. Wa Chingerezi G. Drummond, yemwe anali wokonda zachilengedwe, woyendayenda komanso wazamaphunziro, adabwera naye ku England kuchokera ku Texas mu 1835. Ku England, duwa lino lazika mizu. Maluwa mu chomera chotere chimayambira mu June ndikutha ndikuyamba kwa chisanu choyamba. Masamba otsutsa ali ndi mawonekedwe owumbika. Pesi loonda limakhala lofanana, ndipo kutalika kwake limafikira masentimita 20-30. Mtundu wa maluwa onunkhira ndi ofiira amdera, achikasu, ofiirira, oyera ndi nsomba.

Zomera zamtunduwu zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri, monga: zazikulu-maluwa komanso mawonekedwe a nyenyezi. Phlox yayikulu Nyenyezi ya Drummond (Phlox drummondii cuspidata), monga lamulo, chimafika masentimita 30 mpaka 40, komabe, mbewu zowonjezera zowonjezera (mpaka 12 sentimita) zimapezekanso. Zomera zosiyidwa zimapangitsa duwa lowoneka bwino kukhala lofanana ndi nyenyezi, pakati pomwe pali peephole. Phlox Drummond lalikulu-maluwa (Phlox drummondii osakanikirana) - kutalika kwake, monga lamulo, sikupitirira masentimita 30. Maluwa ake ndi akulu kwambiri ndipo amatha kujambulidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Koma mbewu zokhala ndi maluwa ofiira owoneka bwino ndizothandiza kwambiri.

Ngakhale alimi a maluwa amagawa mbewuzi kukula kukhala mbewu zazing'ono, zomwe zimafikira masentimita 15 mpaka 20, komanso zazitali zazikulu. Zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi maluwa akulu: Wofiyira wamoto wamtali, Wofiirira wamtali komanso Wotalika kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi ma phloxes amtunda: Chamoa (pinki), Salmona (nsomba), Matalala padziko lapansi (oyera), Isabella (wachikasu) ndi Defiance (ofiira moto). Mitundu yonse yamtundu wa phlox ili ndi mitundu yocheperako komanso ya terry. Zodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi maluwa otentha a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Promis yamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Phlox osatha

Mtundu woyambirira kwambiri wa mitundu ya phlox yokhudzana ndi osatha ndi gonjeraMaluwa ake amayamba mu Meyi. Mtengowo pawokha uli ndi nthambi zambiri ndipo umaphuka kwambiri. Nthawi yamaluwa, tchire limakutidwa ndi maluwa, omwe amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana mithunzi kuchokera pabiri wakuda mpaka yoyera yoyera. Masamba ndi opapatiza, owumbika, omwe amachititsa dzina la mitundu. Zomera zoterezi ndizoyenera kukongoletsa mapiri a mapiri, komanso miyala yamiyala.

Phlox pachimake anasewera imayambanso mu Meyi, koma patatha masiku 7-14 kuposa phlox. Tchire lowoneka bwino amakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono a buluu-lilac. Mtunduwu umakonda kuwala kochepa kuposa woyamba, komanso umakhala ndi wandiweyani, koma masamba akuluakulu ndi mphukira zokhala ndi masamba.

Zovuta za phlox zimasokoneza mkati mwa nthawi yachilimwe. Mtunduwu umadziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Ili ndi masamba obiriwira okongola komanso ma inflorescence akuluakulu, okhala ndi maluwa okongola ambiri onunkhira.

Phlox paniculata - chifukwa cha izi, mitundu yambiri yosangalatsa idabadwa. Chifukwa chake, pakati pawo, Terry Phlox Kumverera Koyera, kumaonekera kwambiri, komwe m'malo mwake mumakhala maluwa oyera, mzere wamtambo wobiriwira pakati, ndipo maluwa a lilac ali m'munsi. Mbale zazitali zimapindika pang'ono. Tchire kutalika kwake limatha kutalika kuchokera 70 mpaka 80 sentimita. Terry Phlox Zomverera Zachilengedwe zimakhala zoyenera kusamalidwa mwapadera. Ma inflorescence ofanana ndi maluwa othimbilira a lilacs amapanga maluwa ang'onoang'ono obiriwira oyera ndi oyera. Komanso, chifukwa cha obereketsa, mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu idabadwa, mwachitsanzo, Phlox Orange (Orange Pereness, Orange Spat), amene maluwa ake amapentedwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto wofiira wofiirira, womwe suzimera utayatsidwa ndi dzuwa. Zimasamba, zimaswana mosavuta ndipo zimawoneka bwino. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi Phlox King. Chitsamba kutalika kwake chimatha kutalika masentimita 100, maluwa a chomera chotere ndiokulirapo (mainchesi pafupifupi 4) ndipo amatha kujambulidwa ndi pinki, yoyera, rasipiberi, lilac komanso mitundu ina.

Kukula phlox kuchokera ku mbewu

Ndi kulima koyenera, maluwa phlox amatha kukongoletsa dimba lanu kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yachisanu. Njira yodziwika kwambiri yofalitsira mbewu zotere ndizomera (masanjidwe, kudula ndi kugawa chitsamba). Komabe, ena olima masamba amakonda phlox pofalitsa mbewu. Mbewu zatsopano zomwe zangolulidwa kumene m'dzinja nthawi yachisanu ziyenera kufesedwa m'nthaka nthawi yozizira (mu Novembala kapena Disembala). Choyamba muyenera kusankha pa malo omwe mbewuzi zidzakhazikidwe kwa zaka zingapo. Ngati matalala agwa kale, ayenera kuchotsedwa pamabedi ndikungomwaza mbewu panthaka, kuyesa kusiya mtunda wa 4-5 sentimita pakati pa njere. Zitatha izi, dothi laling'ono (pafupifupi 1-1.5 sentimita) la dothi lomwe linasesedwa kale liyenera kuthiridwa pamwamba pawo. Ndipo kenako iponyenso pansi ndi matalala. Mutha kugula dothi m'sitolo yapadera kapena kuyimba pasadakhale. Mbewu zofesedwa kumene zimakhala ndi kumera pafupifupi 70 peresenti. Koma ndikayamba masika, amachepetsa kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa masika, mphukira za phlox zidzawonekera m'mundamu. Iyenera kuwotedwa pokhapokha awiriawiri a masamba owona atapangidwa pa iwo. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu uzikhala pafupifupi 20 cm. Kubzala mbande zotere kuyenera kuchitika pa nthawi yake.

Monga lamulo, ma phloxes, omwe ndi mwakale, amafalitsidwa ndi mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, nthawi yamasika, muyenera kubzala mbewu, kusiya pakati pawo mtunda pafupifupi masentimita 3-4. Kenako muyenera kuthira madzi kuchokera kutsitsi ndikuphimba bedi ndi pulasitiki wokutira. Nthaka sayenera kuzunguliridwa chifukwa cha njere, koma ndikofunikira kukweza malo ogona tsiku ndi tsiku kwakanthawi ndikuchotsa makonzedwewo. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mphukira zoyambirira, malo okhala ayenera kuchotsedwa.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira phlox pachaka

Momwe mungabzalare phlox pachaka

Kulima kwa mbewu zotere kuchokera pambewu takambirana pamwambapa. Komabe, pali wamaluwa omwe amawopa chisanu chamadzulo mu nthawi ya masika, zomwe zimatha kuwononga mbewu, chifukwa amakonda kulima mbande kunyumba. Kubzala mbewu kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya masika (mu Marichi). Mbande zoyambirira zimatha kuwoneka patangotha ​​masiku 7 mutabzala. Mphukira zazing'ono zimayenera kupereka kuwala kokwanira, kuthirira, komanso kutentha pang'ono. Pakadutsa masiku 14 mpaka 32 mutamera mbande, mbewu zimayenera kukumbidwa. Sankhaniyo ikapangidwa, phlox imalimbikitsidwa kuti isinthe masiku angapo kuchokera ku dzuwa. Zitha kuphimbidwa ndi ma sheet a nyuzipepala kapena filimu ya opaque. Mbewu zikangolowa mnyumba, feteleza angagwiritsidwe ntchito kawiri kapena katatu munthaka, ndipo ½ gawo lina la mlingo woyenera wa phlox wamkulu uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti chitsamba chizikongola kwambiri, masamba 4 kapena 5 enieni atawonekera, uzitsine.

Mbande zibzalidwa mu Meyi, pomwe pakati pa tchire limasiya mtunda wa 15 mpaka 20 sentimita. Kuti mukule bwino phlox, muyenera kusankha malo abwino. Zolemba za Phlox sizimawopa kuzizira komanso chilala, zimakonda kuwala, koma zimapweteketsa kutentha kwa mizu. Zomera zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zimamera mderalo. Ndikudziwika kuti malo olimawo atalimbika, mbewu yake imaphuka motalika, koma maluwa ochepa amalimilira. Dziwani kuti mitundu yambiri imawotchedwa ndi dzuwa nthawi yamaluwa. Koma izi sizikuwopseza mbewu mumthunzi wochepa. Mtundu wa maluwa awo umakhala wokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali. Mitundu "yokongola" kwambiri yomwe imamera m'malo otetezeka, maluwa ake, pomwe kuyatsa sikuli bwino, imakhala ngati buluu. Kuti mubzale ma phloxes, ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mabedi okwera, pafupi ndi kumene kulibe zitsamba kapena mitengo yomwe imakhala ndi mizu yayikulu.

Zomera zotere zimafunikira dothi lomwe limakhala ndi humus zambiri. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mbewuyo ikhoza kufa mu dothi lolemera lopanda manyowa. Ngati mwasankha malo omwe ali ndi dothi acidified kuti mubzale, ndiye kuti mandimu ayenera kuwonjezeramo. Malo abwino kwambiri olima maluwa amenewa ndi mchenga wachonde, momwe mulibe dongo. Ngati ndibwino kuthirira mbewu zomwe zidalimo, ndiye kuti zimakula ndikuwoneka zokongola. Musanadzalemo phlox loamu lolemera, feteleza wachilengedwe, mchenga, ndi peat ziyenera kuwonjezedwamo. Konzani dzenje lakuya kwambiri chomera ndikuonetsetsa kuti mukuthira manyowa, vermicompost kapena phulusa lamatabwa awiri. Mizu iyenera kufalikira.

Kusamalira Phlox Pachaka

Kukula chaka cha phlox sikovuta. Chifukwa chake, amafunika kumasula dothi lokwanira 6-8 nthawi imodzi, theka lachiwiri la nthawi yolimba kwambiri, ayenera kutengana ndi mbewuyo ndikamasula, kuti ipangidwe bwino komanso mwachangu. Feteleza zachilengedwe ndi michere ziyeneranso kuwonjezeredwa kunthaka. M'masiku otsiriza a Meyi ndikofunikira kudyetsa phlox ndi manyowa amadzimadzi koyamba (25 g ya mankhwala amatengedwa pa 10 l yamadzi). Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba chimachitika m'masiku oyamba a June, koma nthawi yomweyo, mchere wa superphosphate kapena potaziyamu uyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi manyowa omalizidwa amadzi. M'masiku oyamba a Julayi, manyowa amadzimadzi (opanda zowonjezera) ayenera kuyikidwira dothi kachitatu. M'masiku omaliza a Julayi, muyenera kudyetsa mbewuyi maulendo 4, pomwe mchere wa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous ziyenera kukhala feteleza.

Momwe mungamwere

Ndikofunika kupatsa mbewu zamasamba mwadongosolo m'mawa kapena madzulo. Mukathirira, madzi amayenera kuthiridwa pansi pa muzu, pomwe malita 15-20 a madzi amayenera kupita pa 1 mita imodzi. Ngati phlox amathiridwa ndi madzi ozizira tsiku lotentha, izi zitha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mphukira zawo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudula maluwa owuma, chifukwa ndi chopinga cha iwo omwe sanaphuke.

Matenda

Phlox imatha kukhala yopindika. Potere, mawonekedwe osazolowereka achomera amawoneka pamwamba pamasamba ndi maluwa, omwe amasokoneza kwambiri kukongoletsa kwa duwa. Ndikosatheka kuchiza mbewu yodwala, chifukwa chake iyenera kukumbidwa ndikuwonongedwa. Ngati phloxes atenga kachilombo ka Powoy, ndiye kuti adzafunikiranso kuwonongeka. Mutha kumvetsetsa kuti duwa lidadwala chifukwa cha zovala zoyera zoyera zomwe zidawonekera pamasamba ndikuwonekera.

Zomera zotere zimatha kudwala ndi formosis, pomwe masamba amasowa, ndipo zimayambira zimakhala zosalimba. Pazolinga zopewera, ndikofunikira kuchitira masamba ndikuwombera ndi sulufule ya colloidal. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mukakonza, kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kupitilira 18 digiri, komanso sayenera kuloledwa kupezeka ndi zinthuzo pama inflorescences. Mukadwala septoria, madontho a mawonekedwe amtundu wakuda pamtunda wa masamba. Ndi kukula kwa matendawa, amawonjezeka. Chomera chodwala chiyenera kuthandizidwa ndimadzi a Bordeaux, komanso nthaka yapansi pake. Pambuyo pa mwezi umodzi, kukonzanso mobwerezabwereza kumachitika. Verticillin amachepetsa kwambiri mizu ya mbewu, koma ma phloxon okhawo omwe amatuluka panthaka yokhala acidic ndi omwe amatha kupezeka ndi matendawa.

Tizilombo

Ndi nematode (mphutsi yaying'ono kwambiri) ikhoza kukhazikika pamalowo, yomwe imayamwa msuziwo. Chizindikiro chakuti phlox ili ndi tizilombo touluka tikhala m'matumbo otumbululuka, maluwa osankhidwa ndi mphukira zopyapyala. Chomera chomwe chatenga kachilomboka chimakumba ndikuchiwononga. Dothi liyenera kuthandizidwa katatu komanso nematicides, pomwe nthawi yayitali pakati pa chithandizo cha masabata atatu iyenera kusamalidwa.

Mosyedwa wosalala usiku amatha kudya masamba, maluwa, ngakhale pansi pa mphukira. Kutulutsa dothi mwadongosolo mwadongosolo ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopewetsera mavinidwe. Ngati muli ndi matenda oopsa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwaza dothi lapansi ndi phulusa la nkhuni, laimu kapena fumbi losakanizidwa ndi phulusa. Gulugufe wamtundu wa mbozi amatha kuchotsera pamanja. Ndi matenda akulu, mbewu zimathandizidwa ndi tizirombo timene timadya masamba.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira phlox pachaka

Tikukula phlox osatha

Kubzala phlox zotere ndikofanana ndi komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka. Komabe, mukabzala mbewu mu kasupe, zidzakhala zofunikira kuthira mulch (humus kapena peat youma) pamtunda. Mtunda pakati pa tchire uyenera kusiyidwa kukula kwambiri (pafupi masentimita 50), chifukwa iwo amakula mwachangu zaka zingapo. Mukamagula mbande za maluwa amenewa m'dzinja, siziyenera kubzalidwe pabwalo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbande yakuya masentimita 20 mpaka 25, ndikusankha gawo lomwe limatetezedwa ndi mphepo kuti izi zitheke, ndipo chipale chofewa chizikhalanso nthawi yozizira. Pambuyo pakuzizira dothi, ndikofunikira kuphimba mbewu ndi masamba owuma kapena peat.

Nthawi zina amaloledwa m'dzinja kubzala zipatso za phlox panthaka. Chitsamba chomwe chakula ndikuthanso kukongola chitha kugawidwa nthawi yophukira (kuyambira pakati pa Ogasiti mpaka pakati pa Seputembala). Yogwiritsa ntchito Delenki, ndipo gawo lapakati limaponyedwa kunja. Mukugwa, zinalengedwanso zimasinthidwira kumalo kosatha, zomwe zidabzalidwa masika ndi kudula.

Nthawi yodzala m'dzinja, kompositi ikuyenera kuwonjezeka m'nthaka, ndipo peat imawonjezedwa ndi dothi lamchenga, ndi mchenga ku dongo. Zitsime zili kutali ndi masentimita 50 kuchokera wina ndi mnzake. Amatsitsa Delenki ndikuwongola mizu mozungulira, muyenera kuwaumba osaya (pafupifupi 4-5 sentimita). Mu nyengo youma, kuthirira kumachitika pambuyo pa masiku awiri a 2-3 (mkati mwa masiku 14). Malita 2 amadzi amatengedwa pachitsamba. Dothi louma liyenera kumasulidwa ndi kuwaza ndi masentimita anayi a mulch (humus kapena peat).

Chisamaliro

Malamulo a chisamaliro ndi ofanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka. Koma mbewu zotere zimafunikira kudyetsedwa kasanu pakunyengo, pomwe nthawi yomaliza feteleza zimayikidwa m'nthaka panthawi yopanga mbewu. Pakudyetsa, yankho la 5 l lamadzi, 10 g ya superphosphate ndi 5 g ya potaziyamu sulfate imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Muyenera kudyetsa madzulo mutathirira, osalola kuti yankho lithe masamba. Ngati mukusamalira bwino mbewuzo, ndiye kuti zitha kumalidwa pamalo amodzi zaka 7.

Kudula kwa mbewuzi kuchitika nthawi yonse ya kukula kwakukulu. Kuyamba kwa kudula kumachitika nthawi yomwe thunthu likufika kutalika kwa masentimita 5, ndipo kumapeto - pa masiku omaliza a September. Zodulidwa zomwe zimatengedwa pachomera mu nthawi ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe ndizabwino kwambiri. Mutha kufalitsa mbewuzo ndi kuyala. Mbewuyo isanazirala, mphukira yake imapinda pansi panthaka, kutalika ndi kutalika kwake ndi kupindika ndi peat ndi humus. Mu nthawi yophukira, malaya achichepere amapatulidwa kuchokera ku chitsamba cham'mimba ndikuwakhazikika pamalo okhazikika.

Mawonekedwe a chisamaliro pambuyo maluwa ndi chisanu

Zolemba zimatha kumera mu chaka chamawa, koma mawonekedwe awo okongoletsera adzakhala otsika. Mukatola nthangala zokhwima m'dzinja, chotsani zotsalira za mbewuzo, ndikukumba dothi, ndikuchotsa ma rhizomes otsala.

M'nthawi yachisanu yopanda chipale, nyengo za kukula kwa phlox zimatha kuzirala nthawi yozizira kwambiri mpaka madigiri 10 mpaka 15. Ngati kuli kozizira kuposa madigiri 20-25, izi zimatsogolera pakufa kwa mizu. Pamenepa, m'dzinja, gawo louma la chomera liyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo mizu ya mizu iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi dothi losakanizika ndi peat. Pamwamba muziwaphimba ndi masamba owuma, udzu kapena nthambi za spruce. Ndi chivundikiro cha chipale chofikira masentimita 50-60, phloxes modekha amalimbana ndi madzi oundana makumi atatu.