Opuntia cactus ndi mtundu wodziwika bwino wa mitengo ya cactus. Banja ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 300. Opuntia amawona dziko la South America kukhala kwawo, koma posachedwapa lakhazikika m'mbali mwa nyanja ya kumwera kwa chilumba cha Crimea.
Zambiri
Peyala yonyentchera ndi mtundu wa cactus woyimira mphukira zathupi. Nthawi zina peyala yomata imapezeka mu mitengo, ndipo imakhala chitsamba chowawa kapena mphukira. Pa mbewuyi ili kuzungulira gawo lonse la masamba, pomwe ma spines amatuluka amatchedwa - glochidia. Masamba a peyala yodabwitsayo ndi amtundu ndipo amatsanulidwa, koma kumayamba kugundika. Ma inflorescence at prickly peyala amapezeka okha.
Mtengowo utazirala, zipatso zimawoneka - mabulosi omwe amathiridwa ndi kukoma kosangalatsa. Amadziwikanso kuti "Indian fig" - womwe ungadyedwe.
Maluwa okongola kwambiri amapezeka kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, okhala ndi inflorescence zokongola zazikulu. Zipatso poyamba zimasiyana pakentiki, ndipo okhwima kale amakhala ndi mtundu wa burgundy.
Ndikosatheka kukwaniritsa maluwa ambiri mapeyala kunyumba. Izi zimavomerezedwa pokhapokha mu chirimwe mukakhala ndi mwayi wotenga mbewuyo kumunda kupita mumlengalenga. Pokhapokha ngati izi ndi zomwe zimayamba maluwa. Mbewu mu zipatso za mthunzi wopepuka kukula ndi nyemba.
Mphukira zamiyala yamtengo wapatali zimakhala ndi zopindulitsa; zimakhala ndi shuga, wowuma, vitamini C ndi mapuloteni. Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa nyama. Ndipo m'malo ena a America, mitundu ya edekondi yodyedwa ndi anthu am'deralo. Kupanikizako kumapangidwanso kuchokera ku mapeyala osalimba kapena msuzi wofinyidwa kuti upange ma mol mol kapena mowa. Anthu aku Italiya amapanga mchere kuchokera ku zipatso za peyala.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Wopeza Berger imayimira njira zobiriwira za pafupifupi 25 cm, yodziwika ndi kupendekeka kwina. Masamba omwe amapezeka, ponseponse pa cactus, amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mitsempha yachikasu yamitundu yayitali. Maluwa ndi ofota, mtundu wa inflorescence ndi dzuwa, ndipo mkati mwa pestle ndi wobiriwira. Kutalika, mtunduwu umaposa mita. Amakhulupirira kuti kwawo sikumawonetsedwa kwenikweni, koma anthu ena amapezeka ku Riviera.
Opuntia gosselina malingaliro wamba. Mizu yake imachokera ku Mexico. Chimakhala ndi inflorescences zowala ngati dzuwa, zomwe zimayamba kutulutsa adakali aang'ono. Masamba a anthu okhwima amakhala a tricolor amasintha kukhala amtundu wobiriwira komanso wonyezimira, ndipo anthu ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Zimakhala zotalika pafupifupi 10 cm, yofewa kukhudza ndipo imangopezeka kumtunda kwamasamba.
Peyala yamanyazi iyi ndi yoyimira nyumba yowoneka bwino wachikasu ndi singano zagolide zonamatira kuzungulira pepalalo. Kutalika kwa chomera sikofunika. Ma inflorescences a mthunzi dzuwa, ndi mzati wamkati wokhala ndi mthunzi wowala. Chipatsochi ndi chachikulu, chofiirira. Kwawo kwachilengedwe ndi kumpoto kwa Mexico.
Munda wokongola wa peyala zimalekerera nyengo yozizira, koma pansi pa chipale chofewa. Ngati mdera lanu mulibe chipale chofewa, perekani malo okhala ndi masamba kapena nthambi za spruce. Thupi la inflorescence ndi chikasu. Zipangiri zimapezeka paliponse. Nyengo yachisanu isanayambe, peyala yamiyendo yamtengo wapatali imakwiririka pansi.
Wodwala wa papa Mitundu iyi ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri ndipo imasiyana chifukwa cha masamba achizungu. Ndipo m'malo a malo awo ogwirizana ndi thunthu lapakati, zotumphukira zokhala ngati spiky, glochidia, imveke. Ma spines samakonda kutalikirana, kovuta kukhudza. Inflorescences mu masamba ofiira ofiira.
Wopanda nkhuyu kapena waku India imafika kutalika pafupifupi 4 metres. Masamba - zigawo zimakhala ndi maolivi tint wokhazikika komanso wovuta ku glochidia. Ma pyslores inflores amafanana ndi terry poppies. Kukongola kwa maluwa ndi lalanje. Zipatso zamtunduwu ndizotalika pafupifupi 8 cm.
Opuntia monacanthus mosagat Mitundu yosangalatsa, yoyenera kukulira nyumba. Ndi mthunzi wake wa saladi, khomalo limawoneka ngati matanthwe am'nyanja. Pamwamba pake pali posalala ndi mawonekedwe a kuwala kofiyira.
Opuntia imbricata kwawo ndi kumwera kwa USA. Mphukira zamtunduwu ndizokhazikika, ma spine pafupifupi masentimita atatu mu mthunzi wa chokoleti. Ma inflorescence ndi ofiirira.
Brazil prickly peyala kuwona mitengo kutalika kufikira pafupifupi mamita makumi awiri. Umodzi wamtunduwu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotsika pachomera chimodzi. M'mphepete mwa mphukira amakula zigawo zoyambira zowumbika ndipo pafupifupi 14 cm. Ziphuphu pakhungu limodzi zimawonekera mpaka zidutswa zitatu. Ma inflorescence ndi achikaso.
Kusamalira kunyumba mwanzeru
Opuntia yowunikira imakonda zowala, koma popanda kuwongolera dzuwa. Kuti chomera chikule bwino chaka chonse, chimafunika kuwala kambiri.
Kutentha kwa chipinda cha chomera sikofunikira kwambiri, kumasintha bwino nthawi zonse muchilimwe. Koma nthawi yozizira, mbewuyo imafunika kusunga kutentha koyenera kosaposa 6 degrees. Ngati simutsatira nyengo yachisanu yotere, ndiye kuti ngale yamtengo wapatali imatambalala kwambiri pamatenthedwe.
Palibe chifukwa chakuthira mbewuyo, imalekerera bwino nyengo iliyonse m'chipindacho.
Momwe mungamwerere ngale
Kuthirira mapeyala prickly kuyenera kuthandizidwa mosamala, mwinanso mukamagwiritsa, mutha kutsogolera kuzungulira kwa mizu.
Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika pofunika kutero, pokhapokha kuyanika dothi. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewuyo sikufuna chinyontho. Madzi othirira ndi makamaka ofewa komanso acidic pang'ono, mutha kuphatikiza ndi madontho ochepa a mandimu kapena citric acid.
Njira yabwino yothiririra madzi ali mu poto, apo ayi atathiridwa mu dothi, ndiye kuti chomeracho chitha kutchinga ndi kankhuni kuchokera pamwala wam'madzi ndikuchepetsa kukula.
Kuthira kwa apuntia
Kuthana ndi prickly peyala ndikofunikira ndikofunikira, chifukwa chomera pambuyo pochulukitsa chimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti chizolowere. Wokonzedwa ku dothi louma ndikuuma kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu m'malo amdima kuti muthe kusintha. Ndikofunikira kupukutira peyala yokhomera pokhapokha kwa sabata limodzi. Nthawi ya chaka yonyamula ndi masika.
Dothi la Opuntia
Mbewuyo imakonda osakaniza a dothi pang'ono acid, otayirira komanso opepuka. Dothi lingagulidwe lokonzeka chifukwa cha cacti, kapena kukonzekereratu. Kuti muchite izi, dothi liyenera kukhala ndi dothi, tambo, dongo ndi mchenga, zonse zofanana.
Manyowa mbewuyo nthawi yonse yotentha, feteleza kwa ma suppulents. Iyenera kudyetsedwa kamodzi masiku 30.
Cactus prickly peyala kuswana
Mbewu za cactus zimakhala ndi kutumphuka kolimba, zomwe zimadulidwa ndi fayilo ya msomali. Kenako njere zimanyowa mu njira ya manganese ndikufesedwa m'nthaka yomwe kale imayatsidwa mu uvuni, ndiye kuti, yosabereka.
Mutabzala, kutentha kwambiri kwa mbande ndi madigiri 20. Phimbani chidebe ndi kanema ndikuwatsegulira nthawi ndi nthawi kuti ufewetsere ndi kupukusa mpweya, kuti mafuta asatuluke ku chinyezi.
Nthaka yofesa mbewu iyenera kukhala ndi mchenga wowuma, dothi lamtundu ndi makala ophwanyika. Pambuyo zikamera, mbande zimadumphira m'mizere ing'onoing'ono, ndikukhala bwino tsiku lililonse.
Kubalana wa prickly peyala kudula
Zodulidwa zazing'ono zimadulidwa kuchokera ku mphukira yayikulu ya peyala yodula ndikuuma kwa masiku atatu mpaka kutumphuka kuonekera. Kenako zimabzalidwa m'nthaka pamchenga womwe kale unkapangidwira mu uvuni.
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa mizu ndi madigiri 22. Phimbani ndi kanema kapena mtsuko wagalasi. Nthawi ndi nthawi, kutsegula kuti mpweya wabwino uyethira nthaka. Pambuyo pa kuzika mizu ndi kuoneka kwa masamba atsopano, iwo amaikidwa kukhala dothi wamba.
