Momwe mungakulire Lavater: nthawi yoti mubzale ndikukula kuchokera kumbewu

Anthu aku Lavater adalandira dzina la hatma kapena duwa lakuthengo. Malo omwe mbewu yokongoletsera yokongolayi ili ku Central Asia. Wamaluwa ku North America, Australia ndi Europe akulima mwakhama Lavater, amasilira maluwa ake okongola modabwitsa. Ku Russia, maluwa akuthengo a nthangala nawonso atchuka kwambiri.

Lavatera pachaka - kubzala ndi kusamalira

Duwa lakuthengo limakonda nyengo yotentha, komabe limakhala labwino kwambiri m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, pomwe limatha kumera ngakhale pathanthwe. Chitsamba sichimawopa dzuwa lotentha, chilala, chisanu ndi mphepo, kuwonjezera pamenepo, malo ophulikawo ali ponseponse chifukwa cha dothi.

Kubzala duwa lakutchire loyenera nthaka ndi chilichonse. Koma tisaiwale kuti chomera chokongoletsera kwambiri chidzamera panthaka yachonde.

Njira yoyenera yoyendetsera bwino ndikukula ndi dothi lopepuka. Mitunda italiitali imafunikira kupanga ma trellise ndi ma sapoti owonjezera.

Pankhani yosankha malo obzala, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa bwino zowunikira malo owala ndi dzuwa. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti mumayendedwe ndi maluwa ochepa maluwa samatseguka kwathunthu ndipo samapereka maluwa okongola.

Kufotokozera kwa owongolera, zithunzi

Lavatera ndi woimira banja la Malvaceous, mawonekedwe ake amawoneka ngati tchire lokhala ndi mabelu ang'ono. Zomera zake ndi zabwino komanso zothandiza yosanjidwa ndi maluwa. Dziko lanyumba yamaluwa amatchedwa North Africa ndi Southern Europe.

Mpaka pano, Hathma ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza madera otentha. Kubzala chomera ndi mbewu si ntchito yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa mutazindikira kuti duwa lakuthengo limafalitsa podzilimitsa pokha, simuyenera kudandaula kuti mudzalanso. Zimangosintha malire a dimba la maluwa.

Kusamalira mbewu ndi munthawi yake kuthirira, kuphatikizandikupanga korona mwa kumera namsongole. Mitundu yosatha imafunikira kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu, mitundu ya pachaka imafunikira kukolola zouma ndi kuzimiririka. Hatma imatha kumera pa khonde kapena pawindo la sill.

Duwa lokhala ndi chaka chimodzi, litabzalidwa pamalo abwino chitsamba chozungulira. Kutalika kwa mbewu - 0,6−1.2 m. Chiwerengero chambiri cha masamba opitilira muyeso yakukula kumapereka maluwa opitilira lavatera kuyambira pakutseguka kwa maluwa oyambira mpaka maluwa oundana.

Mtundu wa makonzedwe, mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa inflorescence zimatengera zosiyanasiyana. Olima maluwa odziwa maluwa amalima mitundu ingapo ya lavatera pachikhalidwe chawo nthawi yomweyo, potero amapanga dimba lodzala maluwa ndi tchire tosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu.

Mitundu yotchuka yamaluwa amtundu wapachaka ndi monga:

1. Tangara - tchire laling'ono (mpaka 0,5 m). Masamba okhala ndi mawonekedwe, ofiira ofiira.
2. Mont Blanc. Chitsamba cham pachaka mpaka 60 masentimita okwera, inflorescence yayikulu, yoyera.
3. Chipewa chasiliva - pachaka chomwe chili ndi maluwa a lilac, siliva kapena pinki yowala. Kutalika kwa mbewu - mpaka 60 cm. Maluwa - kuyambira Julayi mpaka Okutobala.
4. Kukongola ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pachaka, kutalika kwa chitsamba mpaka 60 cm.Maluwa ndi ofiira, amdima pinki, pinki komanso oyera.
5. Ochotsa miyezi itatu. Kutalika kwa mbewu - mpaka mita imodzi. Maluwa oyera ndi ofiira.
6. Kapeti wa Ruby ndi mbewu yoyambirira yomwe ili ndi maluwa a ruby.

Mwa osatha, tisaiwale mitundu yosiyanasiyana Lavatera Thuringian. Ndiwosatha, mpaka 2 m kukwera, wokhala ndi inflorescence yayikulu (kupitirira 5 cm) yautoto wofiirira kapena wa pastel. Maluwa akupitilira mpaka Okutobala.

Mitundu yosakhazikika yosakhalitsa:

• Byte Sherab. Ngakhale popanga nyengo yabwino yokulira, kutalika kwa chomera sikupita masentimita 35. Maluwa ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, oyera.
• Kukongola kwapinki. Kutalika kwambiri kwa mtengowo ndi masentimita 40. Masamba ake ndi amtundu wapinki wokhala ndi utoto wokhala ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu.
• Nkhani yayifupi. Amasiyana m'maluwa oyambira ndipo ndi abwino kukula ngati chikhalidwe cha mphika, chifukwa m'malo ochepa kutalika kwa thengo sikupitilira 20 cm.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu ina ya maluwa akutchire, osiyana mu mawonekedwe a inflorescence, nthawi yamaluwa, kukula kwa chitsamba ndi mitundu yamitundu.

Njira za kuswana

Zosatha ndi chaka chilichonse zakutchire wamkulu pambewu. Kubzala kumachitika mchaka kumapeto kwa chisanu. Ngati mukufuna kudzikondweretsa nokha ndi maluwa oyambirira a duwa lakutchire, ndiye kuti mbewuzo zibzalidwe kumapeto kwa February kapena koyambirira kwa Marichi.

Nthawi yokwanira yokwanira pansi:

• Mapeto a February-Marichi. Mbewu zofesedwa mumiphika ya mbande.
• Marichi-Epulo. M'madera otentha, njere zimafesa mbewu panthaka.
• Mapeto a Epulo-Meyi. Mbande zibzalidwe ndipo njere zimabzalidwa.

Kulima mbewu

Zinthu zodzala zitha kugulidwa mu shopu yamaluwa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zanu zomwe zatulutsidwa pamalowo posachedwa.

Mbeu yabwino lavatera imachita imvi kapena kuwala kwa bulauni komanso mawonekedwe okopa.

Kusankhidwa kwa malo ndi kukonzekera dothi. Popeza duwa lakuthengo ndi chomera chachikulu, liyenera kuyikidwa m'njira yoti tchire lamtsogolo lisabisike ndi anansi ataliatali omwe akukula pafupi, komanso mpanda ndi makhoma a nyumbazi.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi:

• konzani manyowa owola;
• kukumba chiwembu;
• wogawana momwe mavalidwe azitsulo, omwe amaphatikiza nitroammophosk, potaziyamu sodium, urea ndi superphosphate, zigawo zonse zimatengedwa mu 1 tsp;
• santhani nthaka ndikadula.

Kubzala mbewu za Lavatera poyera

Mbeu zotseguka zimabzalidwa motere:

1. Patsamba lokakumbidwa bwino, malo opangirako osaya amapangidwa kutali ndi 30 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake (kwa mitundu yonse kupatula yocheperako). Potsirizira pake, mtunda pakati pa mizere uyenera kukhala 15 cm.
2. Chingwe kuti chinyowe.
3. Finyani nyemba ndi dothi (1 cm.
4. Kuti mupewe mpweya wamiyendo, pezani dothi.

Poonetsetsa kuti kumera kumera, chiwembu chokhala ndi njere zobzalidwa chiyenera kuphimba ndi filimu yowonekera. Pakma khatma ndikufalikira ndikufika kutalika kwa 5-6 masentimita, pogona amatha kuchotsedwa.

Zitatha izi, kudula koyamba kwa dothi kuyenera kuchitika, kenako ndikuwunika mbande. Nthawi yomweyo, mutha kutero kudyetsa feteleza wa mchere. Komanso kusamalira mbewu kumakhala kuthirira nthawi zonse, komwe kumayenera kuchitika ngati dothi likuuma (mpaka 5 cm).

Mitengo yamtali wamtundu wamaluwa atchire uyenera kumangidwa. Ngati mukukayikira mbeu yabwino, kubzala pafupipafupi kumaloledwa. Ngati njere zamera pang'ono, kupatulira kuyenera kuchitika.

Kukula mbande ndi chisamaliro

Makampani akulu akulu azamalimi amagwiritsa ntchito njira yolimitsa maluwa maluwa amtchire, koma njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'mabanja.

Tsiku lobzala mbewu mu malo otchingira chotseka limatsimikizika ndi tsiku lakukhazikitsa kubzala mbande mu maluwa. Ndiye kuti, ngati mukufuna kudzala lavata poyera mu Meyi - mbande zikuyenera kufesedwa mu March.

Mbewu zofesedwa m'mabokosi a mmera, komanso bwino - mumakasamba apadera a m'minda. Ngati mungayike mbeu mukaseti iliyonse, simudzabzala mbande m'mbale zosiyananso mtsogolo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mutha kupewa kuvulaza mbewuzo pozika, chitsamba chimalimba ndipo chimaphuka kale.

Ngati dothi liziwenthetsa mpaka +15 ° C musanabzale mbewu, mbande zimawonekera masiku 10-12. Nthambi zazing'ono sizitha kuthiriridwa, zimangoyenera pukuta pang'onopang'ono.

Pambuyo pofesa mbewu, zofesa muzikulunga ndi filimu ndikuyika malo abwino. Kutengera kutentha ndi mawonekedwe opepuka, mbande zimatuluka patatha masiku 14.

Tsopano filimuyo ikhoza kuchotsedwa. Chisamaliro chowonjezerapo cha kutulutsa kwa Lavatera kumakhala kuthirira nthawi ndi nthawi ndikusintha miphika mozungulira mbali yake yolunjika. Akangoopseza kuti chisanu chikutha, mbande zimabzyala panthaka.

Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa malo obzala duwa lamtchire, komanso mulingo woyenera chifukwa cha kukula ndi kutukuka kwake komanso chisamaliro chakanthawi yake zidzakuthandizani kuti mupange munda wamaluwa wamaluwa yazomera zamphamvu komanso zokongola.