Jasmine munda wamtundu wamtchire amadziwikanso kuti amakonda maluwa osokoneza bongo kapena jasmine cape. Ndizomera wobiriwira wochokera kubanja la Marenova. Idawoneka koyamba ku Asia ndipo popita nthawi idayamba kuwonekera pafupipafupi kumadera a Vietnam, South China, Taiwan, Japan, Myanmar ndi India. Chifukwa cha masamba ake obiriwira abwino komanso maluwa oyera onunkhira, dimba la jasmine limadziwika kwambiri pakati paokonda maluwa m'munda, komanso ndi imodzi mwazomera zodziwika bwino zam'madera otentha. Unakula ku China pafupifupi zaka chikwi, mpaka m'ma 1800 adatumizidwa ku UK ndikufalikira komweko. Popita nthawi, mitundu yambiri idawerengedwa makamaka kwa ulimi wamalimi - yokhala ndi ulimi wochepa, komanso mitundu yayitali komanso yayitali.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, maluwa ooneka ngati jasmine adafotokozedwa ndi katswiri wazomera waku England dzina lake John Ellis kalelo m'ma 184, posachedwa maluwa atatumizidwa ku England. Ili lidatchedwa dzina chifukwa cholumikizidwa ndi chithunzi chojambulidwa cha wojambulayo, komanso katswiri wazamankhwala wazakanthawi, a George Dionysius Eret. Anawonetsa maluwa omwe anapangitsa kuti aliyense azigwirizana ndi duwa ili. Chifukwa chake pang'onopang'ono dzinalo lidayamba ndipo lidakhala dzina lake lasayansi. M'mbuyomu, dzina lapa Cape Jasmine limachokera ku mtundu womwe adalima jasmine adapezeka pagawo la Cape Good Hope.
Mu chithunzi - jasmine bustaniia:
Umboni wa maluwa okongola a maluwa a m'munda wotchedwa jasmine ku China adayamba ulendo wapa Song Song, pomwe zithunzi zamtchire komanso zowirikiza zimasonyezedwa kujambula ndi Emperor Hu Zong, wojambula Xu Xi. Nthawi ya Dongosolo la Yuan, duwa limatha kuwoneka pazinthu zokongoletsedwa, nthawi ya Ming Dynasty - ku china. A Gardenias adawoneka m'malo osungirako ana ku Guangzhou chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 ndi Sir John Barrow. Pakadali pano, idagawidwa ku England ndi James Gordon ndikugulitsidwa bwino mtsogolo. Ku United States, idalimidwa koyamba ku Charleston ku Alexander Garden.
Maluwa a Jasmine bustani: chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe
Ichi ndi chitsamba chobiriwira mpaka mamita anayi chotalika ndi masamba obiriwira amdima komanso chofiyira. Limamasula pakati pa kasupe ndi kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Wotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha maluwa oyera, oyera maluwa onunkhira (nthawi zambiri amakula mumaluwa awiri. Mwa njira, kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophulika, akumbukira kwambiri duwa.
Onani chithunzi cha jasmine gardenia pa magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko:
Zipatso zam'munda wa Jasmine zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati utoto wachilengedwe wa zovala ndi chakudya. Ku Polynesia, maluwa onunkhira awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazithunzi zawo zamaluwa. Ku China, dimba lanyama limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe achi China pochotsa matenda okomoka.
Samalirani jasmine munda panyumba
Ngakhale kukhala ndi nyengo yabwino, maluwa a jasmine amatha kubereka chaka chonse. Amatha kumera limodzi pang'ono komanso padzuwa (komabe simungathe kuzisunga ndi dzuwa) pang'ono. Mukakonza chisamaliro chamunda wa jasmine kunyumba, kufunikira kwakukulu kumaperekedwa ku mtundu wa nthaka.
Chomera chimafuna nthaka yachilengedwe chokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe. Nthaka iyenera kuthiridwa bwino. Mitundu ina ya zitsamba imakhala yangwiro m'malo awo, pomwe ina imayambitsa mavuto ambiri - imatha kutengera tizirombo tina toopsa, kuphatikizapo tizilombo toyamwa. Mwachitsanzo, maluwa otuwa ngati jasmine amatha kuwoneka mumtambo wa zovala zoyera, zomwe zimayikira mazira pamenepo, zomwe pambuyo pake zimasanduka mphutsi.
Vuto lachiwiri wamba ndi mphutsi, chifukwa amatha kuthana nalo mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito sopo wokhala ndi chilengedwe kapena mafuta apadera am'munda. Zomera zakugwa kwambiri, mbewuyo iyenera kuyikidwa m'chipinda chofunda ndikutetezedwa moyenera ku chisanu.
Ikani maluwa mumthunzi kapena mumdzu pang'ono m'chilimwe, kuti maluwa azitha kugwira bwino ntchito. Maluwa ena am'munda wa jasmine amafuna kuwala kwathunthu kuti awululidwe bwino. Zina zimatha kuphuka bwino pang'ono, komanso kubala mbewu zobiriwira komanso zabwino kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, mbali zoyang'ana dzuwa kwambiri m'nyumba ndizenera zakumwera ndi kumadzulo. Wamaluwa amalola kuti duwa likhale padzuwa kwa maola asanu ndi limodzi kapena kupitilirabe tsiku ladzuwa. Koma kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji sikowononga mbewu nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake tikukulimbikitsani kuti muziyiyika mthunzi pang'ono kwa maola atatu kapena asanu ndi limodzi. Musanagule munda wa jasmine, pezani dzina la masanjidwewo ndi momwe akulimiririratu, chifukwa izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwake kwamtsogolo.
Musakhale achangu mukamayang'anira jasmine maluwa panyumba ndi chinyezi, kuthirira pang'ono (pafupifupi masentimita atatu achinyontho pa sabata) ndikumapopera mbewuyo m'chilimwe ndi koyenera. Onaninso mawu m'masentimita 4-5 a organic mulch, omwe amathandizira kusunga chinyezi, amachepetsa kufunika kwa udzu, komanso amathandiza kuti nthaka isamatenthe kwambiri. Mukuyenera kukumbukira kuthilira tsiku ndi tsiku nthawi yakula, limodzi ndi feteleza wa feteleza.
Mitengo imafunikanso kusinthidwa kamodzi kamodzi pachaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Mukayang'ana dothi, mutha kudziwa kuchuluka komwe kumakhalako michere momwemo. Ngati dothi lili ndi zochepa, ndiye kuti mungafunike chida chapadera, osati chaponseponse. Feteleza wokhala ndi mpweya wambiri wa nitrogen amathandizira kuti masamba obiriwira komanso obiriwira obiriwira azikula. Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka kumapangitsa kuti chomera chikhale bwino. Popewa mavuto osiyanasiyana a dothi, alimi odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kuyamba kuthira feteleza kumapeto kwa nthawi yomera.
Jasmine munda wothira
Mukamaika jasmine munda, muyenera kusamala kwambiri mukakonza muzu, popeza ndizosavuta kuwonongeka. Feteleza pakubzala mu Marichi kapena Epulo ziyenera kuyikidwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, malinga ndi malangizo a wopanga.
Ndikwabwino kufupikitsa munda wa jasmine ukatha kusiya maluwa kumayambiriro kwamasika. Popeza chomera chimapuma, zitsambazo zimatha kuchiritsa mabala awo chifukwa maluwa sakula. Chifukwa chake, mutha kusangalala ndi maluwa a chaka chamawa. Mukadulira, muyenera kusiya masamba omwe mbewuyo imatha kupereka chakudya cha muzu. Mofananamo amalola kuti chitsamba chiwoneke ndikupanga kumasuka kwambiri kuti chithandizire maluwa okongola kwambiri. Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungathere kudulira maluwa:
- kugwedeza. Mitengo yaing'onoyi yachinyamata imachotsedwa kunthambi. Machitidwe oterewa amatha kupewa kudulira kovuta mtsogolo;
- kuwonda. Kuchotsa machitidwe a thunthu. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi cholinga chowululira mkati mwa chitsamba kuti mulandire kuwala komanso kuwonjezera mpweya, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri matenda;
- kumeta tsitsi. Zimathandizira kusanja dera la zitsamba pogwiritsa ntchito lumo wamba kapena zamagetsi zamagetsi. Ndondomeko amachitidwa kuti akhalebe ndi mawonekedwe a duwa;
- kukonzanso. Kuchotsa nthambi zakale kapena kulumikizana kumachepetsa kukula kwa chitsamba kuti ikonzenso mawonekedwe ake ndi kukula kwake. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musachotsepo gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a maluwa nthawi, komanso musaiwale kuti ndikofunikira kuchotsa nthambi zamkati mpaka kunja. Mukakonzanso chomera ndi zimbudzi, ndiye kuti muchepetse m'miyeso yosiyanasiyana - motere, chitsamba chiwoneke zachilengedwe.
Kuika kwa jasmine m'munda kumachitika mosamala, popeza mizu imatha kuwonongeka mosavuta. Nthawi yabwino pachaka ndi pakati pa kasupe komanso koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Duwa limakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu kwambiri, motero muyenera kuyiyika m'chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wabwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti fungo lifalikire pagawo lalikulu (panthawiyi, fungo silikhala lakuthwa kwambiri). Mukabzala, sungani mtunda wa masentimita 40 pakati pa mphukira.
Dothi lolimitsa jasmine liyenera kulemezedwa, acidic, kusunga chinyezi komanso kuyikiramo. Gulani kapena gwiritsani ntchito dothi lokonzedwa bwino lomwe lili ndi pH yayikulu kwambiri; peat ndi kompositi ziyeneranso kuphatikizidwa ndi dothi. Kulima kumatha kuwononga mizu yaying'ono, choncho muyenera mulch masentimita 2-3 a tchipisi, khungwa la pansi kapena utuchi, komwe kumapangitsa nthaka kukhala yonyowa komanso kuzizira komanso kuchotsa udzu. Gardenia salekerera nthaka yamchere, chifukwa chake ngati duwa la duwa silikhala lokhazikika, ndiye kuti pali zovuta zosiyanasiyana.
Timapereka zithunzi za jasmine bustaniia:
Kufalitsa kwa Gardenia ndi mbewu za jasmine
Pali njira zitatu zokulitsira mbewu:
- pindani nthaka yosasunthika komanso yosunthika pansi;
- kudula kwa masamba obiriwira;
- munda wa jasmine.
Jasmine munda wamtunda ungapezeke kokha kudzera kudula kapena kuikidwamo, amathanso kumera pambewu.
Pansi pa mphika (makamaka lonse) ikani ngalande yabwino (pafupifupi 1/3 ya thanki yonse), kenako mudzaze ndi dothi ndikufalitsa mbewuzo. Osaya nthanga ndi kuwaza ndi lapansi. Kenako nyowetsani nthaka ndi mbeu moyenera ndi madzi ofewa pogwiritsa ntchito botolo lothira. Kenako mutha kuwotha mphikawo ndi thumba la pulasitiki ndikuyika pamalo otentha chilimwe, mwachitsanzo, pazenera lakumwera. Dzuwa loyamba kutenthedwa 25 ° C lidzaonekera masiku 25-30. Kenako amayenera kuyikidwa kutali ndi dzuwa mwachindunji ndikupitiliza kukula mumphika. Zikumera zikamera, chilichonse chimatha kuzisungidwa muchiwiya china chokhala ndi dzenje lokwanira. Mphukira zazing'ono kwambiri zam'madzi ziyenera kuthiriridwa ndikuthiridwa mankhwala kwa nthawi yonseyi kufikira zitakula. Akakulitsa masentimita ena awiri, ndikofunikira kuziwasinthira mumphika watsopano (ziyenera kukhala zokulirapo kuposa kale). Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kuyamba kuthira feteleza ndi feteleza.
Chifukwa chiyani maluwa a jasmine achikasu
Masamba a jasmine munda amatembenukira chikasu (matenda ofanana amatchedwanso chlorosis) ngati dothi limakhala lamchere, mutha kuwachitira ndi chitsulo mogwirizana ndi malangizo a wopanga. Kuthana ndi vutoli, ndikofunika kuthira dothi nthaka ndikusunga chinyontho m'nthaka yokwanira. Ndikosavuta kudziwa komwe kulibe chifukwa chani jasmine gardenia chikasu. Koma zochitika zotsatirazi zimaperekedwa:
- nadzatsuka mbewu yonse ndi yankho la sopo wamadzimadzi wonyowa;
- kuchitira ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda;
- kuthira dongo ndi madzi ndi msuzi wa theka la mandimu omwe amatsanulira mwa iye lita imodzi yamadzi.
Zifukwa zake zimatha kukhala kusowa kwachitsulo m'nthaka komanso kuthina kwambiri.
Jasmine gardenias sikuti amatha kutenga matenda ambiri, ngakhale kuti tizilombo tambiri tomwe timayamwa timawavutitsa. Ma nsabwe za mphutsi, nyongolotsi, nthata za ma kangaude ndi ma chinsalu cha mbewa zimatha kuwononga masamba ndi timadzi tokoma.
Khungu la kaboni ndi bowa lomwe limakula ndipo pambuyo pake masamba a masamba a jasmine amasanduka akuda. Komanso, njirayi imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kufalikira koyipa kwa mpweya kapena kusowa kwa dzuwa. Njira yokhayo pamenepa ndikutsuka pepala lililonse ndi sopo wapadera mogwirizana ndi malangizo a wopanga.
Kugwiritsa ntchito sopo wophera tizirombo molingana ndi malangizo a wopangirayo kuyang'anira kufalikira kwa tizilombo zovulaza.
Masamba a masamba a jasmine amatha kugwa chifukwa chochepa chinyezi, kuthirira kwambiri, kusowa kwa kuwala kapena kutentha kwambiri.
