Mtengo wokongola wopangidwa ndi mtedza umamera m'maiko ambiri ku Europe ndi Asia Minor, kumwera kwa Kyrgyzstan komanso kumpoto kwa China. Kuti mupeze zipatso zakupsa, ku Russia mpaka posachedwa, chomera cha thermophilicchi chidangobadwa kokha pamitunda ya Voronezh. Koma chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa, zidatha kubzala mitengo ina ku Southern Urals ndi m'chigawo cha Central. Amadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri, kuuma kwa nyengo yachisanu, zipatso zabwino kwambiri, komanso kukana matenda ndi tizirombo.
Walnut: kufotokozera, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi
Mtengo wamtali wokhala ndi korona yofalikira amakula mpaka 30 metres. Mtengo wowongoka wamtengo wokhala ndi makungwa aimvi opepuka m'milimita awiri umafikira mamita awiri. Wovuta, wokhazikika kumtunda wamtunda kuchokera pamtunda wa 4-7 masentimita wautali wa masamba 5-9.
Maluwa a Walnut ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono amtundu wobiriwira. Pam nsonga za mitengo pachaka, ma inflorescence a maluwa azimayi awiri amapangidwa. Mphete zazimuna zamitundu yambiri zimapezeka m'makoko amitengo. Maluwa amatulutsa kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi koyambirira. Maluwa odabwitsa kwambiri a walnuts amakhala masiku 15.
Pazaka 8-12 mutabzala chomera amabwera. Zipatso zake zomwe zimakhala ndi mitengo yolimba komanso yolimba zimakhala ndi mbewu imodzi yonyamula anayi. Akucha kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake kwa zipatso zimatengera malo omwe mtengowo umakula komanso mitundu yake. Maonekedwe a mtedza amatha kukhala ovoid, chowulungika, chozungulira. Chipatso chaching'ono kwambiri chimalemera magalamu 8 okha, chikulu chimatha kukhala ndi zochuluka kuposa magalamu 12.
Mtengo wa mtedza umabweretsa zokolola kwambiri pazaka pafupifupi makumi asanu. Chiwindi chachitali chonchi m'minda yamaluwa chimatha kubala zipatso kwa zaka mazana awiri kapena kupitilira.
Mitundu yotchuka - chithunzi
Lero m'dziko lathu mwakula mitundu yoposa 20 ya mtedza. Zonsezi zimagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu chaching'ono, zimapereka zokolola zabwino ndipo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kosangalatsa. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa:
Walnut "Wochulukirapo" - mtengowu umakula mpaka mamita 5 ndikuyamba kubereka zipatso mchaka chachinayi mutabzala. Zipatso zimapangidwa ndi masango, iliyonse imatha kukhala ndi mtedza eyiti kapena kupitirira. Nyengo, chomera chimatha kubereka 30 makilogalamu a zipatso zazikulu bwino. Zochulukirapo "Zambiri" sizilekerera kutentha. Musalole kuti muwoneke bulauni.- Zotuta "Zosiyanasiyana" zimasiyana korona wozungulira ndipo amakula mpaka 6 metres. Zipatso zokhala ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri zimakhala ndi magalamu a 9-11. Awa ndi mtundu wapakati pa nyengo yomwe mtedza umacha kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Zomera sizigwirizana ndi chisanu ndipo zimazindikira pang'ono matenda.
- Gulu "Labwino" ndi mtengo wamphamvu wokhala ndi korona wokhala ndi masamba abwino. Chomera chimakula mpaka mita isanu, chimapatsa mbewu mchaka chachisanu mutabzala, chimabala zipatso kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Zosiyanasiyana ndizosagwira chisanu, zosagwira chilala, zimakhala ndi chitetezo chachilengedwe ku tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Matalala akuluakulu okha ndi omwe amatha kuwononga maluwa ndi mitengo. Pakakulidwa bwino, mtengo umodzi umabala zipatso zopitilira 20 ndikulemera 11 g uliwonse.
- Mitundu ya Dessert ndi mtengo wapakatikati womwe umakula mpaka mamita atatu. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi korona wakufalikira ndi zipatso zazikulu mu chipolopolo champhamvu. Ayamba kubala zipatso mchaka chachinayi mutabzala. Kuchokera pachomera chilichonse mkatikati mwa Seputembala, mutha kusonkhanitsa mpaka 25 makilogalamu a mtedza. Zosiyanasiyana ndizopirira chilala, koma sizimakonda kwambiri chisanu, momwe makungwa ndi maluwa amakhudzidwa.
- "Zabwino" zosiyanasiyana ndi mtengo womwe umakula msanga womwe umayamba kubereka zipatso mchaka chachitatu kapena chachisanu cha moyo. Pa chomera chimodzi chachikulire osachepera zaka 12, mpaka 120 makilogalamu a zipatso atha kupangidwa. Unyinji wa pachimake chilichonse umafikira 10-12 g. Zosiyanasiyana "Zoyenera" zimakonda madera abwino komanso owuma, dothi lonyowa. Imafunika kubzalidwe kutali ndi nyumba, chifukwa mizu ya mtengo ndiyamphamvu kwambiri.
- "Black Walnut" yosiyanasiyana imakula mpaka 50 m ndipo imasiyanitsidwa ndi zipatso ndi wandiweyani, wandiweyani, wakuda. M'chaka cha khumi, mtedza wakuda wokhala ndi mizere yambiri, yomwe ndi yayikulu kuposa miyambo, imayamba kucha pamalowo. Peel yamtunduwu imakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri. Pakatikati pawo mumakhala mafuta, chakudya, mapuloteni. Mtengowo umalekerera chisanu ndi chinyezi chambiri. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndiyime m'malo abwino. Zomera zazing'ono zimabisala zaka zingapo zoyambirira.
- Walnut "Memory of Minov" ndi mitundu yambiri yakucha kwambiri ndipo ndi wotchuka kwambiri m'dziko lathu. Mtengo wamphamvu umadziwika ndi kukula msanga komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono korona. M'chaka chachisanu ndi chimodzi mutabzala, mtedza umayamba kuphukira pamtanda wa apical, womwe unyinji wake umatha kukhala 15 mpaka 18,5 magalamu. Zipatso zochepetsedwa pang'ono zimakhala ndi chipolopolo chofooka cha siliva wofowoka.
- Mitundu "Kalashik" ndiyotchuka chifukwa cha kukoma kwambiri kwa chipatso. Mtengo wokhala ndi korona yozungulira ndi maluwa olimba amaluwa koyambirira. Mtedza waukulu wokulira mpaka magalamu khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi ali ndi nthiti pang'ono, mawonekedwe ozungulira. Amakhala ndi maziko osalala, pamwamba kozungulira, chipolopolo.
Walnut "Wochulukirapo" - mtengowu umakula mpaka mamita 5 ndikuyamba kubereka zipatso mchaka chachinayi mutabzala. Zipatso zimapangidwa ndi masango, iliyonse imatha kukhala ndi mtedza eyiti kapena kupitirira. Nyengo, chomera chimatha kubereka 30 makilogalamu a zipatso zazikulu bwino. Zochulukirapo "Zambiri" sizilekerera kutentha. Musalole kuti muwoneke bulauni.Walnut: Kubzala poyera
Mtengowo ndiwofera, chifukwa chake umakonda bwino madera opepuka. Mtunda pakati pa mbande uzikhala mita pafupifupi isanu, chifukwa mitengo yokhwima imakhala ndi mizu yolimba.
Ma Walnuts sakonda dothi lomata komanso louma kwambiri. Chimakula bwino pang'onopang'ono chonyowa. Mukabzala mbewu, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa manyowa osakanikirana ndi phulusa m'nthaka.
Dzenje lobzala liyenera kukhala ndi masentimita 40x40. Mbeu zibzalidwe mosamala kwambiri. Mizu yake ikamatera idayalidwa pamalo opingasa ndikuwazidwa ndi lapansi. Chidziwitsani kwambiri chomera chomwe sichiri cholimbikitsidwa. Mizu yapamwamba iyenera kukhala pakuya kwa masentimita 6-7 okha.
Mawonekedwe a Walnut Care
M'zaka zoyambirira, mbewu zazing'ono zimafuna chisamaliro mosamala.
Kuthirira
Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, mitengo yaying'ono imafunikira nthawi zonse kuthirira kwambiri. Pafupifupi ndowa imodzi ya dothi imatenga ndowa zitatu zamadzi. Mbande zimamwetsedwa kawiri pamwezi. Mitengo yomwe yakula mpaka mita inayi itha kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri. Komabe, nthawi yachilimwe, chinyezi cha nthaka chimayenera kuyang'aniridwa.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Panthawi yogwira ntchito, mitengo ya mtedza iyenera kuphatikizidwa. Chapakatikati, amadyetsedwa ndi nayitrogeni, ndipo pakugwa - ndi feteleza wa phosphorous. Nthawi yomweyo, kuthira feteleza ndi nayitrogeni kumachitika kokha zaka ziwiri mutabzala. Zimayambitsidwa mosamala, popeza nayitrogeni amakonda kukula kwa mabakiteriya ovulaza mbewu.
Mtengo woposa zaka 20 kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:
- pafupifupi 10 kg ya superphosphate;
- 2 kg wa potaziyamu mchere;
- 7 makilogalamu a ammonium nitrate.
Kudulira
Mtedza suyenera kupanga korona. Komabe, nthambi zouma ndi zosafunikira ziyenera kudulidwa chaka chilichonse. Chapakatikati, izi sizikulimbikitsidwa, popeza mmera umataya madzi ambiri ndipo sukula bwino.
Nthambi zosafunikira wokonzekera mbali ziwiri ndipo nthawi yotentha yokha:
- M'chaka choyamba, nthambi imadulidwa kuti pakhale mfundo pafupifupi 7 cm.
- M'chaka chachiwiri m'chilimwe, mfundo imachotsedwa pamtengo.
Madera odulira ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi mitundu ya maluwa.
Kutola zipatso
Amayamba kutola mtedza pokhapokha pericarp itatembenuka kukhala yobiriwira ndikuyamba kusweka. Zipatso zololedwa pafupifupi sabata zimatha kusungidwa munsi. Pankhaniyi, zimakhala zosavuta kuziyeretsa za khungu lakuda ndi lofewa. Kenako, mtedza udzafunika kutsukidwa ndikuwuma padzuwa.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyeretsa zipatso ndi magolovesi a mphira, apo ayi manja atha kuyima kuchokera ku ayodini, omwe amakhala ndi pericarp.
Kufalitsa Walnut
Pali njira ziwiri zokulitsira mbewu:
- Mbewu.
- Katemera.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Podzala, mtedza wamitundu yanu amasankhidwa. Ayenera kukhala akulu, okhala ndi chipolopolo chakunja chosawonongeka komanso osawonongeka. Mbewu zokolola ziyenera zouma firiji.
Kutchera nthaka kukumba pakugwa. Mtedza umabzalidwa kum'mwera koyambirira kwa Epulo, komanso ku Urals komanso m'chigawo chapakati cha dzikolo mkati mwa Epulo.
Mtunda pakati pa mizere yomwe kufesa udzachitikirepo uyenera kukhala wosachepera 50. Pakati pa zipatso zomwezo, mtunda uyenera kukhala 15 cm.
Asanafesere, stratization ya mbewu ndikulimbikitsidwa. Zikatero, zimera bwino. Chifukwa cha izi, zipatso zokhala ndi chipolopolo chocheperako komanso chapakatikati zimakhala pa kutentha kwa +CC kwa mwezi ndi theka, ndipo mtedza wokhala ndi chipolopolo chachikulu - pamtunda wosaposa + 7C, umakhala wopindika kwa masiku pafupifupi zana.
Walnuts amaphuka pang'onopang'ono. Mbande zoyenera kubzala zidzakhala zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha mutabzala mbewu.
Kufalitsa katemera
Kukhalabe zabwino za mayi mtengo, mtedza kufalitsa katemera. Pachifukwa ichi, mbande zazaka ziwiri zimasankhidwa, zomwe zimabisidwa mumiphika ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 12. Mu Disembala, mbande za chitsa zimabweretsedwa m'chipindacho, pomwe panthawi ya katemera zimakula ndikupereka mphukira zabwino.
Katemera, amene amachitika mu February, mbewu zimasungidwa pa kutentha kwa 24-26C. Pakati pa Meyi, mitengo yaying'ono yolumikizidwa ingabzalidwe pamalo otseguka.
Mutabzala mtengo wa mtedza m'dera lanu, mutha kusangalala ndi maluwa ake mchaka, ndi zipatso nthawi yakugwa. Sizimangobala mbewu zochuluka, komanso zikuyimira chuma ndi chuma. Ku Moldova ndi Caucasus, mwambo adasungapo kalekale ngati kubzala kubzala walnuts m'dera lawo mwana akabadwa.
