"Ndafunsa phulusa ..."

Milungu yakale yachi Greek idakhulupirira kuti mitengo ya phulusa imatha kukhala zinthu zoyenera kupangira munthu. Ndipo ndakatulo ya Hesiod, "Ntchito ndi Masiku," akuti Zeus adapanga anthu kuchokera kutsinde la mkondo, womwe, monga mukudziwa, amfuti achi Greek achiboliboli opangira nkhuni za phulusa. Mzimu wonga nkhondo, womwe umakuta phulusa, umaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe adapangidwa kuchokera ku iwo. Mu Greece wakale, phulusa lidaonedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro cha kubwezera, chifukwa chake, mwina, chilango cha a Nemesis - mulungu wobwezera anali kuwonetsedwa ndi ojambula omwe ali ndi nthambi ya phulusa m'manja.

Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti njoka zapoizoni zimawopa phulusa ngati moto, makamaka msuzi wake. Amakhulupilira kuti zinali zokwanira kupukutira ndi madzi, mwachitsanzo, malaya, kenako, mutayanika bwino, valani kuti mudziteteze ku kulumwa ndi njoka. Kwa munthu wovala malaya, njokayo imakhala yotetezeka ndipo imakulolani kudzikoka nokha.

Phulusa linali la mitengo yotchuka ku Caucasus. Ku mibadwomibadwo, okonzera mapiri ateteza osati mitengo “yopatula” yokha, komanso mitengo yonse ya phulusa. Mothandizidwa ndi mitengoyo, anthu akumtengowo amachita miyambo yopereka nsembe. Mzimu wamtendere wa mtengo wa phulusa wa ku Caucasus sunafune kuti ukhale wamagazi ndipo unakhutira kwathunthu ndi mitundu yambiri yamkaka yomwe imadzetsedwa.

Magawo onse a mtengowu, kuyambira masamba mpaka mizu, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu m'nyumba ndi m'mabanja. Mphukira isanayambe, anthu okhala ku mapiri a Caucasan adatola masamba oyambira masheya ndi makungwa ku nthambi zazing'ono, kenako masamba. Malingaliro ochokera pakaka ndi impso adagwiritsidwa ntchito monga kupera kwa rheumatism ndi kupweteka. Decoctions masamba ndi makungwa ankawachiritsa odwala malungo. Alimi a njuchi amapangiratu ming'oma ya mitengo yayikulu. Pakutuluka kwa phula, kotekisiyo idachotsedwa m'magawo ambiri. Kenako adasokeka pamodzi ndi khungwa loonda, lodulidwa mbali zingwe. Kapangidwe kake kopangidwa ndi khungwa la phulusa lonyentchera pamiyala yolumikizidwa kuchokera pamwamba.

Phulusa (lat.Fraxinus) - mtundu wazomera zamatabwa kuchokera ku banja la Olive (Oleaceae).

Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 50 yomwe imamera m'malo otentha a North Hemisphere.

Iyi ndi mitengo yamphamvu yolimba, mpaka 30 m wamtali, yokhala ndi korona yozungulira, yozungulira, Nthambi zobiriwira bwino kwambiri. Masamba akutsutsana, osatupa, amatulutsa mochedwa kwambiri kuposa mitengo ina yolimba, ndipo amagwa molawirira. Maluwa amakhala osakhazikika, okonzedwa m'magulu kapena panicles kumapeto kwa mphukira. Phukira masamba asanaphuke. Zipatso - ziphuphu zakumapiko kapena mtedza.

Photophilous, khala bwino pamtengo wolemera, m'malo lonyowa m'malo okhala ndi calcium yambiri. Utsi ndi kukana gasi. Kulekerera kwazomera pang'ono. Kukula mwachangu. Kufalikira pofesa mbewu.

Kukula

Zambiri: Imakonda malo owotchera dzuwa, okhala ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe, m'malo mwa dothi lonyowa wokhala ndi calcium yambiri. Sililekerera kukhudzidwa ndi dothi komanso madzi osayenda. Chimaletsa chilala.

Mtunda pakati pa mbewu mukabzala ndi osachepera 5 m.
Monga lamulo, mutabzala, subsidence ndi kupangika kwa dothi kumachitika, kotero muzu wa mbewa pakubzala uyenera kukhala 10-20 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka. Izi ndizowona makamaka zazikulu. Musanabzale, muzu wanu uyenera kukhala wokhuta ndi chinyezi.

Kusakaniza kwa dothi: tsamba lamasamba, humus, mchenga (1: 2: 1).

Mapa - mwala wosweka kapena mchenga - 15 cm.

Mulch-peat, nkhuni shep 8-15 cm.

Acidity pH 6-7.

Mavalidwe apamwamba: Kumayambiriro kasupe ndi kumapeto kwa masika, kuphatikiza ndi feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni (mullein - 1 makilogalamu, urea - 10 g, ammonium nitrate - 20 g pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi). Mukugwa, amadyetsa Kemira-konsekonse kapena nitroammofoskoy-20g pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi.

Kuthirira: Kuvomerezeka podzala ndi masiku atatu otsatira. Munthawi yowuma, kuthirira kowonjezera kumafunikira 1 ndowa / 1 sq.m. kuchuluka kwa korona, ngakhale chilala chochepa chimapilira.

Kumasulira: Mukamadalira, masentimita 5-7.

Kumeta tsitsi: Phulusa sililekerera kudulira, choncho tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mucheke nthambi zouma ndi kuyeretsa nsonga za nsonga.

Matenda ndi tizirombo:

1. Ashenic shpunkka. Kinmiks, decis, urbofos, kawiri.
2. Ashen oyisitara. Karbofos, kawiri.
3. Cancer mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi. Kudula zilonda zam khansa, kenako ndikutsatira mankhwalawa ndi antiseptic ndi putty munda var.

Kututa nyengo yachisanu: Zomera zokhazokha, zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za 2-3
wokutidwa ndi burlap.

Mitundu

American Ash - Fraxinus americana.

East North America. M'nkhalango zowirira pamadzi akuya, olemera, onyowa, opezeka bwino pafupi ndi mitsinje yamadzi komanso pamalo otsetsereka a mapiri ndi mapiri, mpaka 1050 m pamwamba pamadzi. nyanja.

Mtengo wamtengo wapatali wamtali, mpaka 35 m wamtali, wokhala ndi korona wooneka ngati dzira, wophukira wachichepere ndi masamba opepuka. Masamba ndi ovuta kupindika, kuchokera pamasamba 7 (5-9), ovate, matako am'maso kapena amano, okongola, obiriwira pamtunda pamwamba, amtambo pansi, mpaka 12 cm. Imakula msanga, imagwirizana kwambiri ndi chilala komanso yolimbana kwambiri ndi chisanu kuposa phulusa wamba, siyiwonongeka ndi masika masentimita, chifukwa masamba amatsegula patatha masiku 8-10 kupitilira mitengo ina ya phulusa. Imalekerera momwe zinthu ziliri mzindawo, zolimba. Kufalikira pofesa mbewu zophatikizika. Chifukwa chakukula msanga, korona wokongola ndi kukhazikika, ndi mtengo wofunika kubzala, magulu ndi mitengo yolimbirana. Pa chikhalidwe kuyambira 1874.

Phulusa loyera, kapena duwa - Fraxinus ornus.

Gawo la ku Europe la Russia, Western Europe, Middle East. M'maluwa osungirako sizikusonyeza. Photophilous xero-mesophyte ya nkhalango zowola.

Mtengo wawung'ono, mpaka 12 m wamtali, wokhala ndi korona wanthawi zonse, wozunguliridwa. Masamba ndiwobiriwira, ochokera 7 oblong-ovate, osasanjika bwino masentimita 9 kutalika, pubescent m'mitsempha yapakati. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina yamtunduwu kudzera pamaluwa ake oyera, onunkhira, okhala ndi tinsalu titalitali, tating'ono tomwe timatisonkhanitsa kumapeto kwa mphukira, masamba obiriwira mpaka masentimita 15. Panthawi ya maluwa, yomwe imatenga masiku 7-10, ndizokongoletsa kwambiri.

Amadziwika ndi Photophilia wamkulu ndi kulekerera chilala. Chimakula pang'onopang'ono. Osakwanira kokwanira. Chalangizidwa kuti pakhale kumodzi, gulu ndi ma alley kumwera kwa Russia. Pa chikhalidwe chisanafike 1700.

Ash lanceolate, kapena wobiriwira - Fraxinus lanceolata.

Zimapezeka zachilengedwe kum'mawa kwa North America, kuchokera komwe adayambitsa chikhalidwe m'zaka za zana la 18 ndikufalikira kwambiri. M'nkhalango zowola (nthawi zina zimakhala ngati malo oyima), m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yamadzi, pamapiri achinyontho.

Imakongoletsedwa kwambiri ndi thunthu lonyowa, korona wopindika ndi masamba owala, masamba obiriwira amdima, obiriwira otuwa pansipa. Imafika kutalika kwa 15 m. Amadziwika ndi kukula mwachangu, kulekerera kwakukulu kwachilala. Zosafunikira kwenikweni pamtunda kuposa mitundu yina, khokhazikika m'malo amatauni. Simalimbana ndi chisanu. Kukula bwino ku Moscow ndi St.

Phulusa wamba - Fraxinus excelsior.

Kugawidwa ku gawo la ku Europe la Russia (sikufika ku Volga), m'nkhalango zamapiri a Crimea ndi Caucasus, ku Western Europe konse, ku Mediterranean ndi Asia Minor. Zimapezeka m'malo ambiri. Mu nkhalango zambiri zotambalala nthaka zachonde za carbonate, Photophilous mesophyte.

Woimira wotchuka kwambiri wamtunduwu. Mtengo mpaka 30 m wamtali, wokhala ndi chowulungika chochuluka, korona wowonekera, wokhala ndi nthambi zowongoka, zopanda masamba ndi masamba osatamba. Makungwa a thunthu poyambirira amakhala otuwa, pafupifupi osalala, pambuyo pake ndi ming'alu yakuya, yayitali komanso yaying'ono. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala maliseche, imvi. Mphukira zakuda ndi velvety pubescence, zothandiza kwambiri poyerekeza ndi maziko a nthambi. Masamba sakuvundika, a 7 sessile, lanceolate yotambalala, serrate m'mphepete, pamwamba pamaso obiriwira obiriwira, kuchokera pansi - obiriwira, abweya m'mphepete. Maluwa opanda perianth, nondescript. Zipatso ndi lionfish, mpaka 5 cm, zomwe zimasungidwa nthawi zonse nthawi yozizira.

Ikukula mwachangu, posachedwa. Mukakula, kulekerera kutentha kumatsikira mpaka -40 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, gawo la mphukira limatha kuzimiririka, choncho ndibwino kuti mubzale m'malo otetezedwa. Amakhala ndi masika ozizira masika, koma kenako amayambiranso. Imalekerera kuuma kwa mpweya bwino, dothi - loyipitsitsa. Kugwera panthaka, osati utsi ndi mpweya. Zofesedwa ndi mbewu zomwe zimamera popanda chaka chokha mchaka chachiwiri. Mitundu yokongoletsera imafalitsidwa ndikulumikiza pazowoneka zazikulu. Amakhala mpaka zaka 300.

Mtengo wofunikira kwambiri pomanga nyumba yobiriwira chifukwa cha kukula kwake mwachangu, kukula kwamphamvu, thunthu lonyowa ndi korona wowonekera. Chimawoneka bwino pakusintha kofananira, nyimbo zovuta, tikamadutsa misewu.

Ili ndi mitundu yambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polima minda. Zosangalatsa kwambiri ndizo izi: zozizwitsa (zowoneka bwino kwambiri, kukula kwamphamvu, ndi korona wa piramidi; wotsika (pang'onopang'ono, wokhala ndi korona wopindika; kulira - mtengo mpaka 8 m wamtali, wokhala ndi korona wolimba komanso nthambi zazitali atapendekera pansi, zochititsa chidwi kwambiri paokha. Kubzala; yopingasa - yokhala ndi nthambi zazikulu zokulirapo, korona wosalala komanso nthambi zokulira; lopotana - yokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono, opindika, amdima wobiriwira; odulidwa bwino - okhala ndi masamba ochepa, ochepa pang'ono; tsamba lamasamba - mtengo waukulu wokhala ndi masamba osavuta, amodzi kapena pang'ono patatu, umawoneka wachilendo kwambiri pakubzala kamodzi; wachikasu-wokhala ndi masamba achikasu; golide - wokhala ndi mphukira zachikasu ndi masamba ang'ono; golide-motley; kulira kwa golide; siliva-motley; mphukira zazing'onoting'ono zokhala ndi mikwingwirima yapinki ndi yoyera yomwe imakongoletsa mtengowu mopanda masamba.

Argenteo-mosagata. Mtengo wowala, pafupifupi yoyera, yaying'ono kuposa mawonekedwe oyambayo, kukula kwake. Masamba amakhala ndi malire ndi mzere wa siliva oyera, ndipo m'malo ena ndi loyera. Ash ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Mzere yoyera mozungulira m'mphepete mwa pepalalo nthawi zina umatembenuka bulauni, ndipo pepalalo limapindika pang'ono.

Phulusa la Fluffy, kapena Pennsylvania - Fraxinus pubescens.

Cofala kwambiri m'chilengedwe cha North America, pomwe chimakula m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, pamafesi osefukira.

Mtengo wa kukula kwapakatikati (mpaka 20 m). Mtengo wokula mwaulere umakhala ndi korona wobiriwira, wosapangika bwino. Akuwombera ndi kumverera kwa pubescence, bulauni. Masamba ochokera masamba 5-9, otumphuka pamwamba, obiriwira, obiriwira pansi. Maluwa a Nondescript m'magulu. Lionfish yopapatiza, mpaka b cm.

Chonde chonde sichofunikira kwambiri kuposa phulusa wamba, koma chofunikira pa chinyezi chake. Zimalekerera kusefukira kwakanthawi komanso kusokonekera pang'ono. Mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu kwambiri yamtunduwu. Imalekerera zinthu zakumata bwino kuposa phulusa wamba. Makhalidwe awa amalola kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri pochulukitsa zigawo zapakati ndi kumpoto kwa Europe gawo la Russia. Ali aang'ono kumpoto chakum'mawa amakhala ndi chisanu ndipo ali ndi chitsamba. Amapereka mthunzi wabwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala m'misewu. Pa chikhalidwe kuyambira 1783.

Imakhala ndi mawonekedwe aucubolic - masamba achikasu achikasu amitundu yochepa kuposa momwe amachitira kale.

Aucubaefolia. Mtengo wokongola wokula msanga, wopepuka kwambiri, wagolide wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati korona. Masamba akuluakulu, okhala ndi mawanga agolide, mikwingwirima, ndipo izi ndi zofanana ndi mawonekedwe a Pacific Aucuba. Panyengo yamvula, yamvula komanso m'malo ometa, kusiyanasiyana kumatha kufotokozedwa mofooka.

Phulusa la Manchurian - Fraxinus mandshurica.

Mtengowo ndi wamtali 30 mamilimita, thunthu mulifupi mamita 1.0. Kumpoto Kummawa, East Asia. Imapezeka m'malo ambiri a Far East. Amamera m'nkhalangozi komanso m'nthaka zambiri zokhala ndi dothi louma komanso louma bwino.

Phulusa lakuda - Fraxinus nigra.

Mtengowo ndi wamtali 25 m. East North America. M'malo osakanikirana ndi madambo, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje. Imalekerera kusayenda pang'ono kwa madzi. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mayimidwe abwino.

Phulusa la nasosolic - Fraxinus rhynchophylla.

Mtengo wautali 12 m wamtali, mulifupi wamtali masentimita 25-30. Far East, East Asia. Ipezeka m'malo ambiri osungirako Far Far. Amamera m'nkhalango zazitali zamiyala. Photophilous mesoxerophyte.