Chomera cha nettle (Urtica) ndikuyimira banja la nettle. Mitundu iyi imaphatikiza mitundu yoposa 50. Kuthengo, zimatha kukumana ndi madera onse otentha. Pakati patali, mitundu monga kukakamira nettle (lat. Urtica urens) ndi dioecious nettle (lat. Urtica dioica), yomwe imatchedwanso kuti stinging nettle, chinjoka kapena chinjoka, ndizofala kwambiri. Zomera za mitundu iyi ndizofunikira kwambiri popanga mankhwala ndi zakudya, ndipo chlorophyll chimapangidwanso kuchokera pamakampani, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale opanga mankhwala ndi mafuta onunkhira.
Mawonekedwe a Nettle
Chomera chamuyaya kapena chaka chilichonse chonga nettle chimatha kukhala chamkati kapena chododometsa. Chidutswa chimodzi, mapepala otsutsa ali ndi m'mphepete, mbali kapena mbali ziwiri. Pamaso a masamba ndi mphukira nthawi zambiri pamakhala zitsamba zoyaka. Ma inflorescence onyenga owoneka ngati kaso amaphatikizapo maluwa onunkhira kapena maluwa. Chipatsocho ndi mtedza wowonongeka wa mawonekedwe osalala, wokutidwa ndi perianth.
Kapangidwe ka tsitsi loyaka la chomera ichi, chomwe ndi selo lalikulu kwambiri, ndilofanana ndi kuchuluka kwachipatala. Mkati mwake muli madzi, m'mapangidwe ake mumakhala acidic acid, choline ndi histamine. Ngati mungakhudze tsitsi loterolo, ndiye kuti mbali yake yakumwambayo imang'ambika ndikutsamira pakhungu. Madzi omwe ali pansi pa khungu amayambitsa kuwotchera kwakuthwa kokha m'malo omwe anakhudza nettle. Monga lamulo, kuwotcha kotereku sikuvulaza thanzi la munthu. Komabe, pali mitundu yambiri ya nettle yomwe kuwotcha kwake kungaphe anthu. Ku Russia, nettle imakonda kumera pafupi ndi mipanda, m'minda ya ndiwo zamasamba, madambo onyowa, malo opanda anthu, kudutsa mitengo, pafupi ndi misewu, m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi, m'mphepete, komanso m'mipata. Mfundo yoti dioecious nettle imakhala ndi machiritso imadziwika ndi anthu kwanthawi yayitali, pankhani imeneyi, udzu wobzala udzuwu umakulitsidwa ngati olima, ndikuwulima pamalonda.
Kulima kwa nettle
Nettle imatha kumera popanda chisamaliro chapadera, koma ngati ibzalidwe m'nthaka yokonzekereratu, ndiye kuti kukula kwachitsamba kudzakula bwino. Kubwezeretsedwa kwa mbewu kotero kumachitika ndi mbewu ndi zigawo za ma rhizomes. Kukhazikitsa mbewu musanabzalire sikofunikira, koma ngati atapangidwa kwa masabata anayi pamtunda wa mpweya wa madigiri 0-5, ndiye kuti kumera kwake kudzachulukanso ndi 20-30 peresenti.
Kukhota kolimba, komwe ndi kosatha, kumalimbikitsidwa kuti ikule pamalo abwino kapena pamthunzi pang'ono, nthaka ikhale ndi mchenga kapena yopatsa thanzi komanso yothira bwino. Malowa akuyenera kutsukidwa maudzu achichepere. Kubzala kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena nyengo yozizira isanachitike, pomwe ma mbeuyo oyamba amatha kuchitika ngakhale kutentha kwa madigiri 8. Choyamba, njerezi zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga, kenako zimayikidwa mu 10-15 mm m'nthaka, mtunda woyambira 0.6 mpaka 0.7 m uyenera kutsalira pakati pa mizere. Pamwamba pamalopo ndi mbewu ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi dongo loonda (pafupifupi 0.5 cm) peat, ndipo ngati kufesa kunachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndiye mpaka mbande yoyamba itawonekera, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti dothi limakhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Ngati kufesa kumachitika chisanachitike nyengo yachisanu, mbande zoyambirira ziziwonekera mu Epulo, ndipo ngati zikumapeto - ndiye mu Meyi.
Pakufalikira kwa nettle pogwiritsa ntchito njira yophukira mu kasupe, ndikofunikira kuti mutulutse dulidwe wake kuchokera m'nthaka, womwe umaduladulidwa, pomwe kutalika kwake kumayenera kutalika kuyambira masentimita 8 mpaka 10. Kenako Delenki yobzalidwa m'malo atsopano mpaka akuya masentimita 8, pomwe mtunda pakati pa mabowo uyenera kusungidwa patali pafupifupi mamitala 0.6.Ngati zophukira mwanjira imeneyi, chiyambi cha budding chimawonedwa masabata 4 m'mbuyomu poyerekeza ndi mbewu.
Chisamaliro cha Nettle
Miyezi iwiri yoyambirira, mbande zimakhala zofooka kwambiri, pomwe kukula ndi kutukuka kwake kumachepera kwambiri. Koma tchire limayamba kumera msanga, ndipo posachedwa limakhala lokwanira komanso nthambi. Palibe chilichonse chovuta posamalira mbewuyi. Aonetsetse kuti kuthirira, kumasula, kuvala pamwamba komanso kulimira. Pothirira, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kuchokera kuchitsime, chitsime kapena mvula, pomwe iyenera kuyatsidwa choyamba ndi dzuwa.
Nettle imafuna nayitrogeni yambiri, koma siyikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamamineral podyetsa. Ndikwabwino kuzisintha ndi kompositi kapena manyowa.
Kusamalira chomera ichi kumathandizidwa chifukwa chakuti amalimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Komabe, agulugufe agulugufe amatha kukhazikika pamenepo, adzafunika kusungidwa pamanja mu Juni. Ndiosavuta kutolera, chifukwa amakhala m'magulu, koma musaiwale zachitetezo, popeza nettle imatha kuwotcha koopsa m'manja mwanu.
Kututa kwa nettle ndi kusungirako
Maukonde amagwiritsa ntchito ma rhizomes, nthanga, ndi masamba amtundu monga chothandizira kuchira. Masamba a dioecious amakolola mu June-September, pomwe mbewu zimaphuka. Alimi ena amalimbikitsa kutola masamba pongovala magolovesi, ena kutchetcha udzu, ndipo ndikangosungika, amapukutira masamba ndi masamba m'manja. Amakhulupirira kuti ndibwino kusonkhanitsa masamba Lachiwiri m'mawa chakumapeto kwa mwezi woyamba. Malinga ndi kalendala yoyendera mwezi, zopangira zoterezi zimakhala ndi mphamvu yapadera yochiritsa.
Masamba osungidwa amayenera kuyikidwa kwina pamalo osakhazikika (chapamwamba kapena pansi pa denga), nsalu yofalitsa isanayambike kapena pepala. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti makulidwe osanjikiza sayenera kupitilira masentimita 3-5. Ngati ziuma padzuwa, ndiye kuti zina mwazinthu zomwe zimachiritsa zimatayika, ndipo masambaawo sangakhale opanda utoto. Kupukuta, ngati mungafune, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito uvuni, ndikukhazikitsa kutentha mpaka madigiri 50, ndikusiya chitseko chikutseguka. Masamba owuma kwathunthu, mitsempha yapakati ndi petioles imasweka popanda khama. Amakhala ndi fungo labwino, mtundu wobiriwira wakuda ndi zipatso zowawa pang'ono. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti potulutsa voliyumu ya zida zopangira adzakhala 1/5 a voliyumu yoyambirira. Masamba owuma amafunika kusinthidwa, pomwe ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba onse achikasu, akuda komanso a bulauni, komanso zinyalala. Kuti zisungidwe, zimathiridwa m'matumba a nsalu kapena pepala, pomwepo liyenera kuyikidwa m'malo abwino, owuma komanso amdima. Zida zowonongeka sizitha kusungidwa osaposa zaka ziwiri.
Mbeu za mbola ndi zopindika zimayenera kutengedwa pokhapokha ngati zapsa kale. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika patatha masiku 20 mbewu itatha mu September. Mbali zapamwamba za nettle ziyenera kudulidwa, zouma pang'ono ndikupunthwa.
Ma dioecious nettle rhizomes tikulimbikitsidwa kuti atulutsidwe mu kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira. Zinyalala zonse zimachotsedwa kwa iwo, kenako zimayatsidwa ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 40. Kuti musunge, sankhani malo amdima, owuma komanso owongolera. Ma Rhizomes amakhalabe ndi machitidwe awo opindulitsa kwa zaka zitatu. Ngati mukukolola ma nettle ma rhizomes, ndiye kuti dziwani kuti muyenera kusiya masamba khumi ndi asanu pamasamba kuti mukonzenso, chifukwa nthawi yomwe mukusonkhanitsa zopangira muyenera kuwononga mbewu yonse. Nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kudziwa kuti m'derali ndizotheka kutolera ma rhizomes pokhapokha patatha zaka zitatu.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maukonde okhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Mitundu ya nettle yochiritsa:
Kukhota tambala
Chomera chamtundu wa herbaceous chomwechi chimakhala ndi mizu yolimba, pomwe chizungulire chake chimakhala chammbali, chophukira. Kutalika kwa thengo kumasiyana kuchokera pa 0.6 mpaka 2 m. Pamwamba pa mbali zonse za mlengalenga muli tsitsi lowotcha. Pa mphukira zazitali ndi zowongoka kapena zomwe zimakwera m'mabowo. Masamba adapangidwa moyang'anizana. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira, amodzi mbali, masamba ofanana ali ndi kalekale. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 17 ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 8. Masamba amatha kukhala ndi ovoid-lanceolate, oblong kapena ovoid-mtima mawonekedwe, nthawi zambiri pamakhala maulalo amisono okhala ndi maziko ozama amtima. Makina owoneka ngati mapikidwe oboola pakati amakhala ngati maluwa achikasu achikasu osayamwa, pistillate ndi staminate. Chipatsochi ndi mtundu wothinikizidwa wa mtundu wa biconvex wa mtundu wotumbululuka kapena wowoneka wachikaso. Pafupifupi mbewu 22,000 zimatha kukhwima pach chitsamba chimodzi.
Kukhota tambala
Chomera chamtunduwu chamtunduwu chamtundu wazaka zophukira chapanga maziko autali wautali, kutalika kwake kungafike masentimita 15 mpaka 35, tsitsi louma lomwe limakhala pamwamba pawo. Mtundu wobiriwira, serrate, masamba omwe amapezeka molimba amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owumbika kapena ovoid, ndipo kutalika amafika 20-60 mm. Pamaso pawo pamakhala tsitsi lambiri. Maluwa aang'ono a axillary amapaka utoto wobiriwira, amatengedwa mu khutu kapena ndi amodzi. Maluwa oterowo ndi staminate kapena pistillate. Chipatsocho ndi mtedza kapena bokosi lamitundu yambiri.
Katundu wa Nettle: kuvulaza ndi maubwino
Kuchiritsa katundu
Masamba a nettle ali ndi mavitamini A, H, C, E ndi K, B1, B2, B4, B5, B6, B9, niacin, macro element chlorine, calcium, potaziyamu, magnesium, phosphorous, sodium, kufufuza zinthu zamkuwa, bariamu, aluminiyamu, molybdenum, chitsulo, nthaka, selenium ndi manganese. Ndimu imakhala kangapo ka ascorbic acid kangapo. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa vitamini A pachomera ichi ndiwokwera pang'ono kuposa momwe zimakhalira panyanja, kaloti, sipinachi ndi sorelo. Komabe mu chomerachi muli ma tannins, osakhazikika, chlorophyll, flavonoids ndi ma organic acid - gallus ndi formic.
Foliage imakhala ndi hypoglycemic komanso he hetaticatic, komanso imalimbana ndi kutupa. Masambawo amathandizira kuti hemoglobin iwonjezeke, kamvekedwe ka chiberekero, komanso kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi. Mankhwala opangira mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a chikhodzodzo ndi chiwindi, kuchepa magazi, chifuwa chachikulu, chifuwa chachikulu, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Nettle yasonyezedwanso kukhala yothandiza kwambiri pochiza matenda osapatsirana a prostatitis ndi Prostate adenoma.
Mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse, muli ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala othandizira, okodzetsa, anticonvulsant, machiritso a bala, expectorant komanso ambiri olimbitsa. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito masamba a mbewu iyi mwadongosolo, mutha kuthana ndi mabala ndi zilonda zikuluzikulu, pomwe kulowetsedwa kwa nettle, kogwiritsa ntchito ngati kusamba, ma compress ndi lotions, kumatha kupulumutsa tsitsi kuti lisagwe. Kuyambira kale, chomera choterechi chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pochapa tsitsi, chifukwa muyenera kuphatikiza 200 ml ya madzi ophika kumene ndi ma supuni awiri kapena atatu amtundu wowuma, pambuyo pa ola limodzi, kulowetsaku kuyenera kusefedwa. Pazifukwa zomwezo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito msuzi wa nettle. Kuti muziphika, muyenera kuphatikiza 1 tbsp. madzi, supuni imodzi yayikulu ya zouma zouma zouma komanso gawo lofanana la masamba owuma. The osakaniza kuwiritsa kwa mphindi 30, kenako pang'ono bwino. Iyenera kutipaka pakhungu, pomwe simukufunika kutsuka tsitsi lanu mutatha, amapukuta pang'ono ndi thaulo.
Chomerachi chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga chisakanizo chopatsa thanzi, chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa kudyetsa tomato. Kuti muchite izi, mbale zamtundu wabwino ndi mphukira ziyenera kudulidwa mbewu zisanapangidwe. Chidebe chachikulu chimatengedwa ndikudzaza zitsamba, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi zotsalira zamafuta ophika. Zotsatira zake, botilo liyenera kudzazidwa kokha ndi ¾. Kenako madzi amawonjezeredwa ndi osakaniza omwe yisiti amayenera kusungunuka, pomwe gawo lomwe lingakonzedwe silitha kupitilira. Chidebechi chimayikidwa m'malo otentha kwa masiku 3-5, chomwe chingapangitse kuti osakaniza azikola, musaiwale kusakaniza mwadongosolo. Tomato ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi osakaniza kamodzi masiku 7.
Msuzi wa Nettle ndi wotchuka kwambiri. Mafuta a azitona amathiridwa mu poto ndipo maula ndi anyezi oyera amawotchera kwa mphindi 7. Madzi amchere ndikuphika mbatata mmenemo, pomwe puree amakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito blender. Potere, chidebe chokhala ndi mbatata sichichotsedwa pamoto wochepa ndipo pang'onopang'ono kirimu, batala la ng'ombe ndi mkaka zimayambitsidwa mu puree. Pamapeto, onjezani anyezi ndi masamba a nettle ndikusakaniza zonse mwachangu. Mu msuzi, wothiridwa pambale, mutha kuwonjezera tchizi cha Gaudi kapena zonona wowawasa. Kwa 1.5 makilogalamu a mbatata ya mbatata, 0,5 l mkaka, 0,3 l kirimu, supuni zazing'ono ziwiri za batala la ng'ombe, gulu la nettle watsopano amatengedwa. Zosakaniza zotsalazo zimayilidwa.
Contraindication
Simungagwiritse ntchito zitsamba ndi zinthu zopangidwa pamaziko ake, amayi oyembekezera, makamaka mu trimester yomaliza. Komanso, iyenera kusiyidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la thrombophlebitis.
