Pakati pa nkhuku zopangidwa m'mafamu aku Russia, ma turkeys alibe mpikisano potengera kulemera ndi kukula kwake. Chifukwa chake, kuswana, kusunga ma turkeys ndikuwasamalira kunyumba kwayamba kutchuka kwambiri ndi okonda nkhuku.
Kusankha kosangalatsa ma turkeys ndikosavuta kufotokozera. Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndimakudya osankhidwa bwino, kutsatira chikhalidwe chokhala m'ndende ndi chisamaliro chokwanira, kamwana kakang'onoko kamasandulika mbalame yayikulu. Kulemera kwa nkaka yayikulu, kutengera mtundu, ikhoza kusiyana 8 mpaka 30 kg. Ndipo ngakhale ma turkeys ali ocheperako pang'ono, nawonso amalemera pafupifupi 6-8 kg ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kukopa kumawonjezeredwa ndikuti ku Russia kuli mitundu ingapo yotsimikiziridwa bwino yoyenera ngakhale yolera agalu kunyumba ndi alimi ogulitsa nkhuku.
Komabe, sikuti aliyense amakwanitsa kupeza mbalame yabwino kwambiri? Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani alimi ndi eni nyumba nthawi zina amakhala ndi mitengo yambiri ya kufa, kuwonda kwambiri kapena kudwala?
Zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto ambiri ndizofanana - kusowa kapena kusamalidwa bwino kwa anapiye ndi mbalame zomwe zikukula.
Zikuwonetsa kuswana ma turkeys kunyumba kwa oyamba kumene
Nthawi zambiri, ma turkeys amapatsidwa chakudya chambiri. Ngati mumagula nyama zazing'ono kuti ziwonjezere kutha kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe, ndiye kuti nthawi yophukira mutha kusangalala ndi nkhuku za ku Turkey kuchokera ku famu yanu. Pazofunikira zanu zokha, amagwiritsanso ntchito mazira omwe siotsika poyerekeza ndi nkhuku pazofunikira.
Ntchito zazikuluzikulu pakusamalira ma turkeys kunyumba ndi nthawi yomwe ma poults ang'onoang'ono aku turkey amawoneka. M'masiku oyamba ndi masabata amoyo, amafunikira chisamaliro chokhazikika komanso zakudya zapadera mpaka 10 pa tsiku. Akafika zaka zakubadwa mwezi umodzi, nkhuku zamtundu wa turkey zimakulirakulira ndikusintha kuti zizipangidwira chakudya cham'madzi ndi zosakaniza za tirigu. Amatha ndipo amayenera kumasulidwa poyenda, omwe amapulumutsa chakudya chobiriwira ndipo samalola kuti mbalame izisonkhanitsa mafuta ochulukirapo.
Kunyumba, kwa kubereketsa ma turkeys, ndikokwanira kuti alimi azithuku ogula azitha kugula banja limodzi lopanga timagulu tachimuna ndi 4-5, pomwe chisa chimodzi chidakonzedwa.
Turkeys amayamba kuyenda pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi itatu, kupereka mazira angapo pachaka. Pezani ana a mbalame pogwiritsa ntchito makulitsidwe. Kwa nyama zazing'ono zomwe zinali zaka zofanana, mazira amachotsedwa pachisa ndikusungidwa pamalo otentha pa kutentha kwa 10-15 ° C. Nthawi yomweyo, kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali kumakhudzanso ubwamuna.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuswana kwa ma turkeys kunyumba komanso mawonekedwe a makulitsidwe zimapezeka m'mabuku apadera ndi zolembedwa zina patsamba. Akaganiza zopereka kubadwa kwa ana kunkhandwe, chisa chachikulu chimadzutsira mbalameyo. Kapangidwe kazunguliridwa ndi mbali, pansi amapanga zinyalala zofewa. M'masiku 26-28 kuchokera nthawi yomwe nkhuku itagona pansi, matumphukira akuoneka.
Poyamba, ma poults a turkey amasungidwa pansi pazowunikira kowonjezera komanso kutentha kwam'mlengalenga:
- M'masiku asanu oyamba, mpweya uzitenthe kufikira +33 ° C;
- sabata lotsatira anapiyewo ali pa +27 ° C;
- kuyambira tsiku la 11, kutentha kwa chipinda kumatsika mpaka +23 ° C.
Kusamalira ma turkeys moyenera, kubereka kwawo ndi kukhalabe kunyumba sikungakhale kovuta ngakhale kwa alimi a nkhuku omwe sadziwa zambiri. Kuphatikiza pakusunga kutentha kofunikira, ma turkeys, mpaka atalimba, amatetezedwa ku zojambula ndi kuzinyalala, komanso matenda opatsirana. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera:
- khowetsani nyumbayo mosamala kwambiri;
- onetsetsani kuti mwatsuka zinyalala ndikuchotsa chakudya chodyedwa;
- kukonzekera malo osungira anapiye ndi mbale zowumwa zabwino.
Kuyambira tsiku loyamba la moyo, nkhuku za ku Turkey zimalandira chakudya chamagulu chokhazikitsidwa ndi phala lonyowa ndi mavitamini obiriwira owonjezera. Akamakula, zosakaniza zouma zouma kapena zophatikiza zapadera zimayambitsidwa m'zakudyazo.
Kanema wonena za zovuta za kuswana kwa agalu kunyumba ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa alimi oyamba nkhuku, komanso kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidziwitso pakusunga nkhuku ina, koma ingoyang'anani pa turkeys.
Kusunga ma turkeys kunyumba kwa oyamba kumene
Mwalawapangodya pakubzala ndi kusunga ma turkeys kunyumba ndi chisamaliro cha mbalame, bungwe lomwe limadyetsa ndi kuyika. Pokhala m'nyumba zouma, zowuma, kupeza chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso kukhala ndi mwayi woyenda, ma turkeys amakula bwino.
Kusunga kutentha, kuwunikira bwino komanso kuchuluka kwa zolinga mdera lanu ndizofunikira kwambiri. M'malo opsinjika, ngakhale ndi chisamaliro chonse, ma turkeys amawoneka oponderezedwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kugwidwa ndi matenda, amakula.
Pafupifupi, kachulukidwe ka mbalame pa lalikulu lalikulu sayenera kupitirira:
- Zolinga 15 za anapiye mpaka masiku 5;
- Zolinga 10 za nyama zazing'ono zomwe zafika pamiyezi iwiri;
- Zolinga 5 za ma turkeys mpaka miyezi 4;
- 1-2 anthu amodzi mbalame yayikulu, kutengera mtundu ndi kulemera.
Kupanga mikhalidwe yosunga ma turkeys kunyumba, obereketsa nkhuku oyambira ayenera kusamalira mpweya wabwino kwambiri wamalo, kuchotsa chinyezi chochulukirapo, kosapeweka pakakhala gulu lalikulu m'nyumba komanso kutentha kovomerezeka m'chilimwe ndi nyengo yachisanu:
- Chinyezi chikuyenera kusungidwa pakati pa 65-70%.
- M'nyengo yotentha, nyumba siyiyenera kutentha kwambiri kuphatikiza ndi 18-20 ° C.
- M'nyengo yozizira, amaonetsetsa kuti nyumbayo siizizira, ndipo kutentha kwake sikutsika pansi -5 ° C.
Ngati kutentha kwaulere sikumalemekezedwa, kukonzekera kumayenda kuzungulira nyumbayo, mbalameyo imamva kusakonzeka, ndikutentha kwambiri, kapena, matendawa, imakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, ma turkeys amathamangira bwino, kukula kwa achinyamata pafupifupi sikukulemera.
Posunga ndi kuswana ma turkeys kunyumba, chisamaliro chimaphatikizapo kuyeretsa kovomerezeka kapena kuchotsa zinyalala, kuonetsetsa kuti nthawi zonse kumakhala kouma. Dothi lonyowa limasinthidwa, ndipo ngati ma turkeys amasungidwa pa zinyalala zakuya zomwe zimatsanuliridwa pamtunda wa laimu wosenda, ndiye kuti umakonkhedwa. Kuphimba koteroko kuyenera kusinthidwa mu kasupe ndi yophukira, nthawi imodzimodziyo ndikuyeretsa kwathunthu komanso kupewera tizilombo ta nyumbayo.
Pobereketsa panyumba, mbalame nthawi zambiri imavutika chifukwa chosayenda. Ma Turkeys ali ndi mavuto ndi mafupa, mutuwo suunjikira nyama, koma mafuta. Mutha kupewa mavutowa ngati muphatikiza nkhuku kuyenda mnyumba kusamalira turkeys. Kuti muchite izi, madera okhala ndi mpanda wolimba wokhala ndi odyetsa ndi mbale zomwera amakhala ndi malowa kapena kupitirira malire ake.
Kukhala panja momasuka komanso kudya zakudya zobiriwira zobiriwira kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pakupanga mwachangu kwa nyama zazing'ono komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga kwa mazira kwa ma turkeys akuluakulu.
Kubala ma turkeys ngati bizinesi: yopindulitsa kapena ayi?
Cholinga chachikulu cha kuswana ndi kusunga ma turkeys ndikupeza nyama yokoma komanso yathanzi. Pofika zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, nyama yofedwa yophera mbalameyi ili ndi 80% yazakudya zamtunduwu, malinga ndi zizindikiro zingapo kuposa nyama ya nkhuku ndi kalulu. Kuphatikiza apo, pali nyama yoyera yoyera kwambiri ku Turkey kuposa nyama yofiira.
M'mafamu ang'onoang'ono omwe amatulutsa thukuta kuti lizigwiritsa ntchito, dzira la mbalameyi limagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chakudya. Mpaka mazira akuluakulu 100 amatha kupezeka kuchokera ku nkhuku yodula pachaka, yomwe imakhala yotsika ku nkhuku mu kukoma ndi chakudya, koma yosungidwa bwino.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera kunyumba, ma turkeys amakula ndikulemera kwambiri mwachangu kuposa atsekwe, nkhuku ndi abakha, ndiye kuti, ndi atsogoleri pakati pa nkhuku. Kutengera ndi mtundu, kulemera kwa wamwamuna wamkulu kumatha kufika 8-30 kg, ndipo turkeys mpaka 12 kg.
Kubwezeretsa kwakukulu kwa ndalama ndi ntchito ku nkhuku zazitali kukugula mazira, makulitsidwe ndi mwezi woyamba wamoyo wa anapiye. Kenako, zolowa zimagwera chifukwa chophatikizidwa ndi chakudya chotsika mtengo cha chimanga komanso msipu waulere m'zakudya.
Ndiye kodi ndizopindulitsa kapena kuswana ma turkeys ngati bizinesi? Kuchulukana kwa malo ogulitsa, komwe kulira kwa mbalame yayikulu kumamveka, zikutsimikizira kuti ma turkeys m'mafamu ndi kunyumba ali ndi tsogolo labwino.
