Zithunzi zamtengo wapatali masiku ano zimabzalidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana a dzikolo ndipo zimakondedwa ndi olima minda chifukwa cha mkwiyo wawo wosapindulitsa, kulowa mwachangu nthawi yopanga zipatso komanso zipatso zokoma zambiri zokongola. Koma ngakhale zitakhala zachikhalidwe chotani, anthu okhala chilimwe amafunika kuzindikira matenda omwe amamva bwino, kufotokoza kwake ndi zithunzi ndi njira zochiritsira matenda zimathandizira kuthana ndi vutoli mwachangu komanso moyenera.
Nzika za Old and New Worlds zidadziwana ndi matchuthi akakhala ndimapiri kapena aku China kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19. Mbiri yakufalikira kwa chikhalidwe chosangalatsa mu Russia idayamba pambuyo pake. Mbande zoyambirira zamatchire odabwitsa ochokera kum'mwera kwa Soviet Far East kufikira pakati penipeni pa dzikolo zinaperekedwa m'nthawi ya nkhondo. Kenako mbewu yoyamba idawonekera. Koma I.V.Michurin adatchuka kwambiri wamatcheri. Adapanga mitundu yosinthasintha machitidwe kumadera ambiri a USSR yakale.
Mitundu yamakono yopirira chisanu mpaka -40 ° C imasiyanitsidwa ndi hardiness yozizira kwambiri, imakhalabe ndi moyo nthawi yayitali, yobala zipatso komanso yayikulu.
Kwa zaka makumi angapo, zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso zambiri zomwe zimawoneka ngati zipatso zimayesedwa ngati mtengo wolimbikira komanso wosasamala pakati pa zipatso zonse zamiyala. Zitsamba sizinakhudzidwe ndi matenda oopsa kwa mitundu yofanana. Mwachitsanzo, chitumbuwa chomverera sichikhudzidwa ndi coccomycosis, yomwe yakhala bingu lamatcheri wamba. Ndipo ambiri tizirombo, mwamwambo kuwopseza yamatcheri, plums, ma apricots ndi mapichesi, anawuluka mozungulira kumbali ya alendo aku China.
Komabe, matenda amchere ndi kuwalimbana nawo ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa alimi ambiri ku Russia. Tsoka ilo, zitsamba zinali pachiwopsezo cha matenda ena achimuna, zomwe zimakhudza ma cherries wamba, plums, ndi zipatso zamwala zam'mwera: mapichesi ndi ma apricots.
Pocket Felt Cherry matenda
Matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bowa kuchokera ku banja la a Taphrina amawonekera pa chitumbuwa chomverera ngati mtundu wosavomerezeka wa m'mimba. Zipatso zopangidwa pambuyo pa maluwa zilibe mbewu ndipo zimatikumbutsanso zipatso zosazolowereka, koma zikwama zofewa. Mu "matumba" oterewo mabowo akuvunduka, ndipo osachotsa zipatso zosalimba ziuma ndikusintha matenda omwe amafalikira kumtsempha wotsatira.
Matenda a chitumbuwa amatha kulepheretsa wolima gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a zipatso zonse mumsika umodzi.
Ngati njira zowonongera bowa ndi mbali za kachilombozo sizingatenge, m'zaka zotsatira, matendawa atha kudzetsa mbewu. Zomera zina zokhudzana ndikadzala pafupi ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali, chiopsezo cha matendawa chimakulanso nthawi zambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, pama plums, matenda a chitumbuwa chomverera amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofananawo, ndipo mapichesi amapangitsa masamba opindika.
Popewa matenda amtundu wamtchire ndikulimbana nawo, zitsamba za zipatso ndizofunikira:
- obzalidwa m'malo otentha komanso owuma bwino, pomwe malo owuma a fungus owopsa sangathe kukula, kupulumuka ndikutsitsa mbewu;
- kudulira pafupipafupi, pewa kuchulukana kwambiri korona ndikuchotsa nthambi zokhala ndi matenda.
Ziwalo zonse zamatenda zimatenthedwa, zimachitidwanso ndi thumba losunga mazira ndi masamba.
Monga prophylaxis, ma cherries amadzimva amathandizidwa kawiri mu Marichi ndi nthawi ya masiku 5 ndi 1% yankho la mkuwa sulphate kapena 3% ya Bordeaux yamadzimadzi.
Zosagwiranso ntchito zochizira matenda pamatcheri amtundu wamakono ndi zamakono zamitundu mitundu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa. Pambuyo pa kukula, m'dzinja, zitsamba zimadulidwa, kuchotsa nthambi zonse zouma, zowonongeka kapena zofooka, ndiye kuti maatcheriwo amathandizidwanso ndi mkuwa wamkuwa.
Moniliaz anali wamatcheri
Ambiri akumva zamatchupi akuvutika ndi moto wowotcha kapena moniliosis. Matenda otchedwa putrefactive matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bowa, woyamba amakhudza zipatso, kenako, kuchokera ku zipatso zouma mutmified, kufalitsa mphukira, maluwa ndi masamba.
Mlimiyo ayenera kusamala kwambiri ngati:
- kumva maluwa chitumbuwa pambuyo maluwa;
- maluwa amafota, kukhala ndi mthunzi wonyezimira wamkuwa;
- masamba owuma omwe amapanga thumba losunga mazira ndi achinyamata mphukira.
Chifukwa chakugonjetsedwa kwa moniliosis, kumva kuti chitumbuwa chimatha kutaya korona ambiri munthawi yochepa, ndipo nthawi zina kubzala kumafa kwathunthu.
Matenda amapezeka nthawi ya maluwa ambiri. Spus zambiri zowononga kudzera mu pestle zimamera mu peduncle ndikuphatikizira mpaka mu minofu yowombera. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimadziwika kale kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena masiku oyamba achilimwe. Nthambi zowuma zimawoneka ngati zikuyaka moto. Imfa ya nthambi imakhala yachangu komanso yayikulu, ndikupanga chinyengo kuti chitsamba chinagwera m'dera la chisanu chamvula. Tsoka ilo, izi siziri choncho!
Ngati simumachotsa ndi kuwononga mphukira yomwe ikukhudzidwa munthawi yake, musayambe chithandizo cha matenda omwe amva chitumbuwa, ndizosatheka kupewa kubweretsanso bowa. Pakadali pano, spores amalowera mu chipatsocho, ndikupangitsa kuti akonzedwe. Zipatso zimakhala cholandilira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri omwe amakhala okonzeka kupitilizidwanso kwazaka zina ziwiri.
Moniliosis imakhalanso yoopsa chifukwa imakhudza pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zipatso zamwala, kuphatikiza ndi chitumbuwa chofala kwambiri. Ikamveka kuwuma kwa chitumbuwa, ndizachidziwikire kuti zizindikiro zofananazi zimawonekera posachedwa pamitengo yazipatso zina. Chifukwa chake, njira zoyendetsera ndi kuchiza matendawa ziyenera kukhudza zikhalidwe zonse zomwe zili pachiwopsezo.
Amasamalidwa makamaka kwa alimi omwe amakhala m'malo omwe mvula yamkuntho imagwera nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe. Nthawi zambiri, moniliosis ya Cher imakhudzidwa imakhudza kubzala m'dera lomwe silili la Chernozem komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo. Apa, wamaluwa akuyembekeza kukolola bwino ndikuteteza thanzi labzomera ayenera chaka chilichonse kukonza masimba ndi fungicides. Komabe, pansi pazovuta, matendawa amadziwonetsera okha mu gawo la steppe, kumwera kwa Black Earth Region komanso m'chigawo cha Volga. Apa, mankhwala azitsamba azitsamba amachitika pofunikira.
Njira zodziwikiratu zochizira matenda amchere
Nthawi yomweyo, munthu asaiwale kuti kupewa ndikofunika kwambiri kuposa kulimbana ndi matenda omwe amva chitumbuwa, pomwe tayamba kale kusinthika. Tetezani dimba lithandiza:
- kudulira koyambirira kwam'mawa kwa korona wofowoka, wowonda kapena nthambi zowuma kwathunthu;
- kukonzanso nthawi zonse kubzala kumadzimva ma cherries ndikudula mphukira zakale ndikusintha pang'onopang'ono ndi nthambi zamphamvu;
- Kuchotsa ndi kuwotcha masamba akugwa omwe amakhalabe pamitengo yazipatso ndikudula mbali za mbewuyo;
- chithandizo cha masika a zipatso zonse zamwala m'derali ndi yankho la 3% ya Bordeaux fluid;
- kuchotsa udzu ndi kumasula dothi pansi pamakona;
- pa mapangidwe masamba, kawiri mankhwala a mbewu ndi Foundationazole kapena fungus ina yogwira motsutsana ndi causative wothandizila wa moniliosis.
Mukadula nthambi, nkhuni zonse zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo popeza mycelium ya moniliosis imalowa kwambiri, ndibwino kudula mphukira masentimita 7-10 kuposa malo owuma.
Zomera, zouma kapena zowonongeka mwanjira ina sizingasiyidwepo pachomera. Amafooketsa chitsamba chachipatso, chimapangitsa kukhala chandamale osati cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso tizirombo tatsitsi tomwe timamva.
Mwa tizilombo timene timagwirizana pa chikhalidwechi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi nthata za ndulu zingathe kutchulidwa. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za kuwoneka kwa tiziromboti, ayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti athetse.
Pambuyo pa kudulira mwaukhondo ndi mankhwala kuti mubwezeretse mphamvu, ndikofunikira kudyetsa zitsamba kuti mbewuzo zithandizireni msanga gawo lomwe latsala korona ndipo chaka chamawa zimakondweretsa wosamalira mundawo ndi zokolola zabwino.
