Radish, yemwe adatulukira ku Europe chifukwa cha Marco Polo, yemwe adaphunzira moyo ndi miyambo ya anthu aku China, ndi imodzi mwazomera zambiri zofesa ndipo ndi ndiwo zamasamba zodziwika bwino zamayiko ambiri padziko lapansi.
Mtengo waukulu wa radish ndi msuzi wobiriwira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena owongoka, chifukwa chomwe masamba adapeza dzina, kuchokera ku radix, kutanthauza "muzu".
Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la XIII, pomwe nzika za Old World zidadziwana ndi chomera chatsopano, mitundu yambiri yosangalatsa ya radish idabadwa. Ngati mbewu yolima dimba yolumikizana ndi mitengo yamtchire sipangakhale mizu, mtundu wa nthambizo si wapinki kapena wofiyira, koma utayera, ndiye kuti umayera kupikisana m'mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Pamabedi mutha kuwona atakutidwa ndi khungu loonda lopakidwa pamitundu yonse ya pinki ndi yofiyira, komanso mizu yoyera, yachikaso komanso yofiirira.
M'minda ya ku Russia, radish ndi imodzi mwamasamba oyambira kwambiri ndipo amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukhwima kwake, chisanu komanso chisakanizo chatsopano, chomwe chikhalidwecho chimayenera kukhala ndi mafuta a mpiru pamizu.
Kutentha Kwambiri
Mitundu yoyipa iyi ndi imodzi yakale kwambiri. Radish Heat idapezedwa ku Vitenskaya OSS ku mabungwe a Baltic mkatikati mwa zaka zapitazi ndipo pofika 1965 idagawidwa m'magawo ambiri adzikoli.
Kuchokera pakuwonekera kwa mphukira yoyamba mpaka kuphatikizira mbewu zabwino za m'mizere, zimatenga masiku 20 mpaka 30, pomwe mbewu yolemera mpaka makilogalamu 2.8 itha kukolola kuchokera pa mita imodzi yokhazikitsa mitengo yamitundumitundu. Pansi pamdima wofiyira pamizu pali zipatso zoyera kapena zonyezimira, popanda voids, thupi lokoma, lonunkhira bwino. Kulemera kwa mizu yozungulira kapena yotentha ya radish ya Heat ndi magalamu 15-27. Sokosi ndi yamphamvu, kufalikira, radish imakhala yobisika kwathunthu m'nthaka. Mtundu wamtundu wamtunduwu ndi wabwino ukadzala pansi pa kanema.
Zambiri Dabel F1
Dabel F1 wosakanizidwa radish amapereka zokolola kale m'masiku 18-20 kuyambira nthawi yomwe mphukira imatuluka. Zodabwitsa za chomera ndichotsekera kwambiri komanso chokhazikitsidwa bwino ndi mizu yambiri yokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amtundu woyera ndi kakomedwe kakang'ono. Chikhalidwechi sichigonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndipo sichigwira chisanu.
Kukula kwa mbewu yamizu kumapitilirabe ngakhale kutentha pang'ono. Ndi kuchedwa kukolola radware mkati muzu muzu, voids sakhazikika, kusasinthika sikungokhala kokhazikika komanso kovunda. Panalibe milandu yoyambitsa kapena kupukusa radish ya Dabel F1. Kupanga zimatengera kuchulukana kwa kubzala. Ngati gawo losachepera 5 cm likuwonongeka pakati pa mbeu ndi chinyezi cha dothi likhalebe, masamba ake satambalala, mbewu zampangidwe zimapangidwa zokulirapo, ngakhale, ndi malonda komanso kukoma.
Radish Dabel F1 ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito panokha komanso kukhazikitsa. Mpweya woyambirira wakale wobala kwambiri ndi woyenera kulimidwa mu mitundu yonse ya masamba obiriwira, pansi pa kanema komanso poyera.
Kutenga Red Giant
Mtundu wokolola wobiriwira womwe unakhazikitsidwa ku Far East ndipo mkati mwa zaka zapitazi unangopangidwira dera lino, komanso ku Europe ku Russia, komanso ku North Caucasus.
Nthawi kuchokera kufesa mpaka kulandira mizu ya Red Giant radish mitundu, kutengera dera ndi nyengo, ndikuchokera masiku 34 mpaka 50.
Mpaka mpaka 4,2 radad zapamwamba zamtundu uliwonse zimakololedwa pa mita imodzi ya mabedi amunda. Rad Red Red Giant ili ndi chikwangwani chokulirapo chachikulu. Zomera zokhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, womwe ndevu zosiyanasiyanazo zimawoneka bwino. Radishi imakhala ndi ma cylindrical mawonekedwe ndipo imatha kulemera magalamu 45 mpaka 80 ndi kutalika kwa 13 cm. Thupi loyera la zonunkhira zopanda mphamvu, silitaya kuchekemera kwake komanso kusangalatsa kachulukidwe komanso kukoma kosangalatsa kwakanthawi.
Zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana ndi chisanu ndipo ndizoyenera kuyala. Pazomera zamtundu wamtunduwu, palibe mivi. M'malo osungirako firiji, amasunga katundu ndi malingaliro kwa miyezi ingapo itatu.
Zambiri Cherriet F1
Cheriet F1, muzu woyamba wosakanizidwa wazipatso zamtengo wapatali, unalandiridwa ndi obereketsa achi Dutch. Potengera ukadaulo waulimi ndi nyengo yabwino, ngati chomera chimalimidwa poyera, chipatsochi chimatha masiku 18 chikamera pamwamba pa nthaka. Chipinda chimakula bwino pa mabedi nthawi yabwino, komanso chaka chonse mu greenhouse. Zomera zokhala zazikulu, yosalala, yokhala ndi wandiweyani, wopanda mawonekedwe komanso kukoma kwambiri. Danga lamdzu lofiirira lakuda limafikira 6 cm.
Mtundu wosakanizidwa wa F1 wosakanizidwa umagwirizana ndi mapangidwe a mivi yamaluwa ndi masamba obiriwira otsika. Mtunda wolimbikitsidwa pakati pa mbewu ndi 5-6 cm.
Zambiri Celeste F1
Kucha koyamba wosakanizidwa Celeste F1 kumapereka mbewu yoyamba ya mizu itatha masiku 23-25. Zokolola zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri. Zomera zokhazikitsidwa ndizokhazikika, zozungulira kapena zopindika pang'ono. Mitundu yamtunduwu imakopa chidwi ndi mtundu wofiyira wowoneka bwino wazipatso zamizu ndi zamkati wowoneka ngati chipale chofewa komanso wowala bwino. Pafupifupi mizu ndi 5 cm.
Mtundu wa nyengo yonse ya Celeste F1 umamera paminda yotsegulidwa komanso m'malo okhala filimu. Kubera kapena kupha zamkati sizimawonedwa.
White radish Mokhovsky
Mitundu yoyambirira yoyera ya Mokhovsky yoyera imayenera kuyang'aniridwa osati chifukwa cha zamkati zoyera ngati chipale ndi mtundu womwewo wa khungu. Mizu yoyambirira yozungulira yamtunduwu ikhoza kupezeka masiku 19-31. Kuyambira mita yobzala, 0,7 mpaka 1 makilogalamu a muzu wazokolola.
White radish imakoma kwambiri ndipo imakhala yowutsa mudyo kwambiri, khirisipi.
Chokhazikitsidwa ndi zowongoka. Mbewu yokhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 4cm ndipo yolemera mpaka 23 magalamu imakhala 70% yodzalidwa ndi dothi, yosavuta kutulutsa.
Zambiri mitundu Autumn chimphona
Mid-nyengo radish Autumn chimphona chakonzeka kukolola m'masiku 25-29. Chachilendo cha mitundu yachilendoyi ndi yayikulu kwambiri yozungulira kapena yamizere yooneka ngati mazira yolemera mpaka magalamu 150. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa mizu ndi 8 - 10 cm, mnofu wa radish Autumn chimphona ndi choyera, yowutsa mudyo, kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe owala.
Zomera zamtundu wamtunduwu zimasungidwa kwa miyezi isanu, popanda kutaya kachulukidwe ndi kakake, chifukwa chake, ngakhale nyengo yozizira, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano. Ndikofunika kusiya mizu yomwe yakhwima m'nthaka, chifukwa imayamba kukhazikika ndikusiya kukoma kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Maonekedwe ndi mtundu, radish yoyera iyi ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wina wofesa radish - daikon. Ngati ku Europe zotchuka kwambiri zamtundu uliwonse zamtundu wa radish zimalandira radish, ndiye daikon, wotchedwa Japan kapena Chinese radish, ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimakonda ku East.
Mutha kusiyanitsa masamba amizu ya daikon kuchokera pamizere yoyera popanda kukhalapo kwa kukoma kofalikira. Palibe mafuta a mpiru mu zamkati mwa daikon, koma pali fungo lapadera. Mitundu ya masamba amasiyanasiyana pazikhalidwe ziwiri zapafupi. Mosiyana ndi radish yoyera, masamba a daikon ali ndi mawonekedwe opangidwe komanso akuluakulu.
Dzinalo la daikon latanthauzidwa kuchokera ku Japan ngati "muzu waukulu". Zowonadi zake, zomwe zimayamba kutchuka mu Dziko Lakale, zimakula mpaka 60-70 cm, ndipo zimalemera 500 magalamu mpaka 3-4 kg.
Zambiri Zlata
Kuphatikiza pa radish yoyera, mu mitundu yamakono yamitundu iyi pali mitundu ya mitundu yosangalatsa. Kupereka m'masiku 20 mpaka 20, kukolola koyambirira, Zlata radish imasiyana ndi mbewu zachikasu zachikasu. Guwa ndi loyera, lili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Zosiyanasiyana ndizodzipereka kwambiri, zimalekerera kusowa kwa chinyezi, ndikuthirira komanso chisamaliro chokwanira panthawi yakututa mizu yamtunduwu wama radish imakhala ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 10-12, ndipo patatha sabata imodzi kulemera kumawonjezeka mpaka 20-25 magalamu. Kulemera kwambiri kwa ma radish ndi magalamu 60.
Zomera za Zlata zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi malonda apamwamba, omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali atatuta.
Zapamwamba malaga
Mitundu ya Malaga yosiyanasiyana imasiyana osati pokhapokha pakuyamba kwaukadaulo kwa mizu, komanso mtundu wake wofiirira. Mbewuyi imapangidwa pamodzi, mbewu za muzu ndi zosalala, zozungulira, zolemera mpaka magalamu 16 mpaka 20 zimasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali mutakumba, osataya kapangidwe kake kamtundu wowoneka bwino, kukoma kwake komanso kukoma kwakanthawi.
Pakakhala nyengo youma, radish ya Malaga sikhala mivi ndipo imatha kudzalidwa kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu mpaka chisanu.
Kubzala Autumn kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pokolola posunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu kwa miyezi 1-1,5.
