Kukula phwetekere mu wowonjezera kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito Ekomik Urozhayny

Chimodzi mwazomera zokondedwa kwambiri za masamba obiriwira - tomato amafuna njira yapadera. Kuti mukonzekere bwino, muyenera kuthera nthawi yambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akuwasamalirani bwino. Kummwera ndi thermophilic, masamba awa samapereka chisankho osati pakati pa mitundu ingapo yosiyanasiyana, komanso njira za momwe angakulire. Njira yakale yolimitsira mbewu yawo ikusinthidwa ndi matekinoloje ena atsopano, kuphatikiza omwewo atengera mbadwo wina watsopano wa feteleza omwe amakupatsani mwayi wosiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndikupanga tomato wokhala m'malo.

Tomato

Chuma chachilengedwe chatsopano

Ulimi wakachilengedwe umakulolani kuti musamangotuta tomato wambiri. Kulima kwachilengedwe sikungopindulitsa chabe mitima ya anthu ambiri olima ndi otentha chilimwe. Zowonadi, zimadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa chilengedwe, kulingalira bwino, chitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso anthu, kuphweka komanso kuchita bwino nthawi imodzi. Chofunika chakulima kwachilengedwe ndi chakudya chochuluka komanso kubwezeretsa kwachilengedwe m'nthaka. Kukonzekera kwatsopano kukubweretsa m'malo mwa zoteteza ndi feteleza zamafuta, zomwe sizimangopereka chithandizo chomera chokhacho, komanso zimasamalira kubwezeretsanso dothi.

Ekomik Urozhayny mulinso wa kukonzekera - wogwira ndi otetezeka feteleza wazachilengedwe mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi. Izi zikuyimira kukonzekera mwadongosolo kubzala masamba osavuta mwachilengedwe molingana ndi malamulo a ulimi wofunikira. Chifukwa cha kupezeka koyenera kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito, ma enzyme, yisiti ndi mabakiteriya amitundu itatu - kukonza nayitrogeni, lactic acid, photosynthetic, komanso zinthu zawo za metabolic, mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito zopatsa thanzi, zoteteza, zolimbikitsa komanso kupanga nthaka.

Mphamvu yachilengedwe ya "Ekomik Perekani" yakhazikitsidwa pakuwongolera bwino kwazomwe zimachitika kuti mbewu zikule komanso kubwezeretsanso nthaka. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timangochulukitsa phindu la dothi, kuphwanya mozama tinthu tating'onoting'ono, komanso kubwezeretsanso zinthu zachilengedwe m'nthaka ndikuthandizira kukulitsa zinyalala za nthaka. Uwu ndi feteleza wopangira michere, mosiyana ndi mankhwala osakanikirana azikhalidwe ndi zinthu wamba:

amagwira pansi;
imapereka mbewu osati zokha ndi potaziyamu wa phosphorous nayitrogeni yovuta kwambiri m'mitundu yambiri ya mafoni, yosavuta kuyamwa ndi mbewu, komanso mavitamini, biofungicides, ma organic acids ndi amino acid, polysaccharides ndi zina zina kufufuza ndi zinthu zina;
zimakhudza magulu a ma cell;
Imathandizira komanso imasintha matendawa;
amapanga malo omwe amakwaniritsa zosowa zamasamba ndi magawo a chitukuko (chokhala ndi kuchuluka konse kwa zinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu zoyambira ndi kumapeto kwa nyengo yokulira);
Amathandizira photosynthesis ndi kupuma mu mbewu;
kumawonjezera chitetezo chokwanira ndi kupirira kwa mbewu;
imakhala ndi chidwi chofananira ndi magawo apamwamba pamwambapa, ndi poyimbira;
amapanga malo osayenera ma phytopathogen, kuti ateteze kukula kwa matenda ambiri a fungus, kuyambira muzu zowola mpaka kumapeto kwa blight ndi powdery mildew;
sabwezeretsa osati chonde chokha, komanso mtundu ndi kapangidwe ka dothi (kuphatikiza kuipitsidwa ndi kusauka), kukonza mpweya ndi madzi, kupangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yopanga komanso kuchititsa manyazi;
amalimbikitsa kudziyeretsa dothi kuchokera kuzotsalira zama mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo;
amachepetsa, mpaka kuthetseratu kwathunthu, kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse oteteza kapena feteleza;
imalowa m'malo ena mwa zinthu (kuphatikiza zophukira, ma fungicides ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo);
imakulolani kuti mukule tomato pamalo amodzi kwa zaka zingapo;
amakupatsani mwayi kuti musiye tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuthana ndi dothi koyenera kuti pakhale ukadaulo wamtundu waulimi munkhokwe.

Achinyamata mbande za phwetekere. © Karen Jackson

Kukonzekera kubzala tomato m'malo obiriwira

Kukula tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha kumayamba ndi mbande. Kufesa kumachitika m'mawu achikale kuyambira pa Okutobala mpaka kumapeto kwa Marichi, kuyambira kumapeto kwa mitundu. Kuthira nthangala za phwetekere kwa mphindi 30 kapena ola limodzi mu yankho la madontho a 5 (asanu) a Ekomika Urozhayniy pa chikho 1 (200 ml) chamadzi kutentha kwa chipinda kumathandizira kukhala ndiubwenzi wambiri komanso msanga, kupewa matenda ndikukana kwathunthu chithandizo chothandizira ndi fungicides. Kuwaza ndi umuna wokhala ndi microscinological kuti mupezeke wathanzi, mbande zolimba zimayamba patatha masiku 3-4 zitatha kutuluka, ndikubwereza pambuyo posambira gawo lachiwiri la masamba awa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi kuthirira pafupipafupi nthawi 1 m'masabata 1-2. Mwa njira ntchito yankho la mankhwala "Ekomik Kututa" (10 ml pa 10 l madzi).

Chofunikanso bwino pakukula kwa tomato mu malo obiriwira ndizoyikika dothi koyenera: "maziko" omwe adayikidwa musanadzale adzatsimikizira thanzi ndi kukula kwachilengedwe kwa tomato kuyambira gawo lobzala mbande mpaka nthawi yomaliza. Kusintha kubzala usanachitike imachitika masabata 1-2 tsiku lodzala mutabzala.

Kukonzekera kwa nthaka yamasamba kumayamba ndi kukumba. Kuti tikule tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka osati chonde chambiri, komanso mawonekedwe ake, mpweya ndi madzi. Mukakumba m'nthaka ya malo obiriwira, feteleza wachilengedwe amafunika kuthira - kompositi, manyowa, manyowa, ndi zina (kuchokera pa 2-3 kg pamtunda wapamwamba mpaka 8 makilogalamu pa 1 m² - kwa osauka), ndipo ngati pangafunike, kukonzanso kwa mchenga, peat kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

Gawo lomaliza - chithandizo cha dothi ndi yankho la Ekomik Urozhayny kukonzekera - kumalola kusiya kutengera chikhalidwe komanso kuphatikizidwa mu dothi la feteleza wathunthu wa mchere. Pomwepo njirayi isanachitike, dothi limamasulidwanso ndi pitchfork kuti zitsimikizire kuti kagawidwe koyenera kamankhwala. Nthaka mu greenhouse amathandizidwa ndi yankho ndi kuzungulira kwa 100 ml ya kwachilengedwenso mankhwala pa 10 l madzi ndi kutentha 25 ... 30 °. Pa wowonjezera kutentha pa 1 m² nthaka, pafupifupi lita imodzi ya zosakaniza zakonzedwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukathirira, dothi limamasulidwanso, ndikuthira dothi lakumtunda, kenako makoma ndi kudenga zimathandizidwa.

Masabata awiri okha atatha kukhazikitsidwa kwa feteleza wa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mutha kupitilira mwachangu kubzala mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha. Kwa tomato pakati pamsewu wapakati, ndikofunikira kubzala mbande zolimba zaka 45-50 masiku koyambirira kapena pakati pa Meyi, m'nthaka yofunda komanso yamadzi ndi kutentha osaposa 12 ... 15 °. Kubzala kumachitika m'mabowo amodzi, ndikukulitsa pang'ono mbewuzo poyerekeza ndi m'mbuyomu. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu mwachindunji umatengera kukula kwa mitunduyo: Matenga obiriwira otsika amaikidwa patali 35 cm masentimita pakati pa tchire, lalitali - pa 60-70 masentimita.Mayendedwe a 50-70 masentimita amasankhidwanso molingana ndi kukula kwa tchire, motsogozedwa ndi malangizo amtundu wina.

Musanabzale mbeu zobiriwira, dothi liyenera kuthandizidwa ndimtundu wa Ekomik Urozhayny wachilengedwe. © cabinorganic

Kusamalira mosamala zotsatira zabwino

Kuvala kwapamwamba ndikofunikira pakukula kwa tomato m'nyumba. Mu greenh m'nyumba, masamba awa amafunika feteleza pafupipafupi - zovala zisanu zosavala bwino zisanu. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zatsopano zachilengedwe molingana ndi mfundo zaulimi wokhala ndi chilengedwe kumakupatsani mwayi wosiya feteleza wa mchere ndi kupewetsa njirayi momwe mungathere.

Kwa chithandizo chobwera ndi kuvala mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera "Ekomik Urozhayny" - 10 ml pa 10 malita a madzi. Pa dothi lililonse la 1 m2, ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito malita awiri a 2-3.

Mutathira mbande m'nthaka, kuthirira koyamba kumachitika ndi feteleza woperewera, ndikupatsirana masinthidwe, zomwe zimathandizira kubwezeretsa mwachangu komanso kukula kwanthete zamatomedwe. M'tsogolomu, kukonza kwa mankhwala "Ekomik Kututa" kumachitika ndi pafupipafupi 1-2 nthawi pamwezi. Mukathirira, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti musalole kuti dothi lisungunuke kwambiri ndikuwonjezera chinyezi pamwamba 90%.

Kuchita kuvala mizu ndi yankho la chinthu chachilengedwe. © Woodblocx

Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wakachilengedwe "Ekomik Kututa" kumathandizira:

kukula bwino kwa tchire, kusintha kwa kukula, kutalika kwa ma internodes, kukula kwa masamba ndi mtundu wawo;
kubwezeretsa kwa zofooka, zowonongeka, zobiriwira;
kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mbewu;
kupangidwa kwa ambiri mazira, kukulitsa kwawo mwachangu komanso mwachangu;
kucha kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi kuyunifolomu kwa zipatso;
kuchuluka kwa zokolola (mukamagwiritsa ntchito chinthu chachilengedwe kuchokera pamera lomera - mpaka 200%);
kukonza zokongoletsera ndi kakomedwe ka tomato;
kukonza zipatso;
Kuchepetsa mulingo wa nitrate wambiri zipatso, ndi kututa tomato.

Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi yambiri pa chisamaliro cha phwetekere zobiriwira ndikuthirira. Kukhazikitsa kwa madontho kumathandizira kukonza njira zama hydrate ndikupewa zoopsa zambiri. Koma ndi kuthirira kwamanja, muyenera kusamala kwambiri:

musanyowe masamba;
kuwongolera kutentha ndi kutentha kwa madzi (22 ... 25 °);
yambani kuthirira nthawi zonse pokhapokha mutazolowera mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha, kuyambiranso kwa kukula kwake (patatha masiku 8-12 mutabzala);
kuchita m'mawa osati pafupipafupi, ndi masiku 4-6;
gwiritsani ntchito malita 4-5 amadzi pa 1 mita imodzi ya nthaka musanakhazikike ndi malita 10 mpaka 13;
malizani kuthirira kulikonse ndikumasulira nthaka mwachidwi (m'malo mwake ndi mulching).

Tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha.

Kubzala nthawi zambiri kuyenera kuthandizidwa, makamaka kuthirira, kusungitsa kutentha kuyambira 18 mpaka 26 ° masana, kutengera nyengo, osati kutsika ndi 15 ... 16 ° kutentha usiku.

Kusamalidwa konse kwa tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha kumawira mpaka:

garter, yomwe imachitika pamzere kapena mizere yama tremu (yaulemu wotsika - zikhomo);
Stepsonovka - kuchotsedwa kwa masamba omwe akukula kuchokera m'machisa am'mphepete mwa mbali;
kupukutira kwa buku (gwiritsani ntchito kugwedeza kwa maburashi, kugwiritsa ntchito fanizi kapena burashi ndi kuwonjezereka kwa chinyezi - kuthirira kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa);
Mapangidwe azomera mu tsinde limodzi (kwa akuluakulu akuluakulu osiyanasiyana);
Kuchotsa masamba otsika mutabzala ndi chiyambi cha kucha kucha;
kukolola tsiku lililonse.

Mukakolola, malo osungira masamba ndi dothi liyenera kuthandizidwanso ndi Ekomik Urozhayny.

Kukonzekera nyengo ikubwera

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa maziko a zokolola zabwino chaka chikubwerachi kuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha kusonkhanitsa zipatso zomaliza mu nyengo yapano. Chithandizo cha nthaka itatha kukolola m'malo obiriwira sichimangobwezeretsa mawonekedwe ake, komanso kupewa mavuto ambiri omwe amabwera chifukwa chakukula tomato m'nthaka yotseka.

Ngati ndiukadaulo wamakono wokula tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha, ntchito yophukira imaphatikizira kupha tizilombo komanso kusinthanitsa pang'ono ndi dothi, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa Ekomik Urozhayny kumakuthandizani kuti muiwale za fungicides, kusimba ndikuchotsa dothi. Pochita kukolola pambuyo pokolola m'makomo obisalamo, ndikokwanira:

chotsani zinyalala zachomera;
kukumba dothi ndi kuyala feteleza wachilengedwe;
gwiritsani ntchito dothi ndi kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe ka Ekomik Urozhayny kukonzekera (mu gawo la 100 ml kwa malita 10 aliwonse a madzi, kuthira dothi pamlingo wa lita imodzi yankho pa 1 m² wa nthaka).

Kukonzekera kwa Microbiological "Kututa kwa Ekomik"

Wothandizira aliyense pokhapokha ngati mbewu yabwino

Kukula kwa mankhwala "Ekomik Kututa" sikuti amangokhala ndi tomato wokha. Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa microbiological kuti mupeze zochuluka komanso zapamwamba kwambiri za nkhaka zachilengedwe, tsabola, biringanya, anyezi, beets ndi masamba ena, mungagwiritse ntchito: