Kislitsa ndi gulu la zitsamba zosatha pachaka komanso zitsamba za gulu la acid. Gululi lili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 900, nthawi zambiri imakula ku Africa, America, ndipo ochepa okha ndi omwe amapezeka ku Europe.
Kwawo kwa oxalis ndi mayiko otentha, kotero chisamaliro chomera ziyenera kukhala zoyenera. Mukasinthiratu bwino zinthu zonse zabwino, mtengowo ungasangalale ndi kukula kwakukulu ndiku maluwa onse chaka chonse.
Kufotokozera kwa wowawasa, chithunzi
Mtengowo umakhala ndi masamba osakanikirana a kanjedza kapena a ternary, okhala ndi bend yovuta. Mapepala ndi cinquefoil, nthawi zina, nthenga, pindani ndi kupindika ndikusintha kwa tsiku, ndikukwiyitsidwa kapena kuwala kowala.
Ma inflorescence amakhala achizolowezi, omwe amakhala m'mizere isanu, ma petals ndi achikasu, ofiira kapena oyera, chiwerengero cha stamens ndi 10. oxygen mitundu itatu yosankha masikono osiyanasiyana:
- wamfupi (osakwana afupipafupi stamens);
- sing'anga (ili pakati pa zazifupi ndi zazitali stamens);
- lalitali (ambiri stamens).
Duwa - bokosi lomwe limatseguka pamapiko. Mbewu zingapo mu chisa, zimakhala ndi nembanemba, yomwe ikaitsegulidwa, zimathandizira kufalitsa mbewu. Mwa njira yogawa mbewu, mbewu ndizabwino.
Chomwe chimapezeka pamalowo ndi mitsempha yokongola ya pinki pamatumba a "inflorescence" "yophulika", yomwe imacha nthanga zazing'onoting'ono ndi kucha. Zina ndizakuti pofika usiku, mumitambo, pakuwala, maluwa pafupi, masamba ake amapindika ndikugwa.
Kusunthika motsogozedwa ndi zinthu izi kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kukakamiza kwamkati (kotchedwa turgor) m'maselo a masamba ndi pamakhala.
Mitundu ina ikhoza chomera poyera pansi pa mitengo ndi tchire, zina zimangokulidwa kunyumba ndi m'minda yozizira. Pakati pa wowawasa, pali namsongole, zimakhala zovuta kusiya. Chifukwa chake, samalani posankha.
Oxalis wamba. Chomera chochepa chomwe chimamera munkhalango zowuma, zotentha komanso nkhalango zachilengedwe. Kudera lathu amadziwika kuti "wowawasa" kapena "kabichi kalulu". Chomera chimadziwika ndi mitundu ingapo ya maluwa:
- Kutsekedwa, kupukutidwa modziyimira pawokha.
- Kutseguka, kupukutidwa ndi tizilombo.
Kleistogamy ndiye chomera chachikulu chomwe chimasinthidwa kukhala moyo m'nkhalango zachilengedwe, momwe muli tizilombo tambiri tomwe timayambitsa mungu. Pa kusasinthika kwa inflorescences, mbewu zimabalalika m'malo osiyanasiyana mpaka mita. Kuphatikiza apo, nyerere zimanyamula mbewu.
Ferruginous acid. Chomera chodziwika bwino kwambiri cham'munda, chachitali ndi 7 cm, ndichopanga tating'ono tambiri mpaka 17 cm. Masamba obiriwira amaphatikizidwa ndi tinthu tambiri totupa tambiri. Maluwa ndi siliva wamkulu wokhala ndi masamba ofiira. Kalasi yolimba yozizira.
Carob O oxygen. Udzu. Amadziwika ndi masamba okongola a bulauni komanso inflorescence yaying'ono yachikasu. Kutumphukira kosiyanasiyana kwa mlengalenga kumatha kubisa maluwa ndi mabedi onse, ndikuganiza zobzala mbewu zamtunduwu paphiri, ndikuwasamalira mosamala.
Kislitsa osauka. Tchire losatha, chisanu chomaliza. Kuchokera pamabowo ang'onoang'ono amapanga masamba atatu apakati pa petioles, kenako pinki yamdima yokhala ndi inflorescence yoyera. Limamasula mu kugwa, malo abwino kwambiri ndi mdera ladzuwa.
Waldivian acid. Chomera chokhala ndi masamba onthi petioles (35-40 cm) ndi maluwa achikasu okhala ndi masamba ofiira. Nthawi zambiri mumadzalidwa ngati mmera wamalire, chifukwa chobzala pagulu pamaluwa ndi maluwa.
Mitundu yayikulu yamitundu ya oxalis oxalis
Kislitsa Ione Hacker. Amadziwika ndi maluwa okongola komanso akuluakulu, onunkhira bwino okhala ndi mitsempha yakuda. Amayamba maluwa mu June. Nthawi zambiri chogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zitsamba za alpine. Imafunikira dzuwa labwino komanso malo oyowamo.
Nasturtium acid. Chikamba chaching'ono chomwe chimakhala ndi masamba ofiirira komanso maluwa achikasu otentha omwe amasinthika nthawi yonse yotentha. Zoyenera malire ndi mabedi a maluwa ojambula.
Mafuta acid. Mwa mitundu yotsalira, imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa masamba anayi ovuta komanso inflorescence ya pinki hue. Tchire limakhala lalikulu masentimita 35 mpaka 40, limamasuwa nyengo isanayambe. Mtengowo umalimidwanso kunyumba, ngati mbewu ya ampel.
Duwa la Oxalis. Chitsamba chokongola. Miyoyo, monga lamulo, m'nkhalango zachilengedwe. Zomera zosatha mpaka 25 cm, zoyenera kubzala panthaka. Leaflets mpaka 6 masentimita kukula, kumbuyo kotetezedwa, yopanda chopondera pamwamba ndi mbali zakuthwa mbali.
Sorelo. Mitundu yabwino kwambiri yozizira. M'chilimwe, maluwa achiwongola-pinki amawonekera pachitsamba. Mitundu yovuta ya masamba osakhazikika imakhala ndi masamba osavuta a 6-9.
Hedisaric acid. Tchire lobiriwira lotalikirapo, mpaka 25 masentimita, limakhala ndi masamba otuwa komanso masamba atatu. Mbale wabwino wokhala ndi maluwa angapo achikasu. Oyenera kukula pakhomo.
Asidi ofiira. Chomera chachikulu kwambiri chokhala ndi mphukira mpaka masentimita 45. Tchire nthawi zambiri limabzalidwa m'mabokosi maluwa. Masamba pafupi ndi maziko ndi a fleecy ndi atatu. M'chilimwe, maluwa ofiira amaposa iwo.
Triangular acid. Ili ndi masamba obiriwira komanso opinki komanso masamba ofiirira. Chitsamba chosagwira chisanu chimamera mchombo kapena m'nyumba.
Ziphuphu acid. Zomera zosatha mpaka masentimita 11. Imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira ozungulira masentimita 6, ndikupanga ratchtes masamba 7. Maluwa ndi oyera kapena ofiira. Kufika panyumba komanso poyera.
Kislitsa Depp
Kislitsa Depp ilibe zimayambira; Asidi amtunduwu adabadwira ku Mexico. Imakhala ndi maluwa otuwa-pinki, koma nthawi yake maluwa ndi yayitali: imayamba masika ndikutha kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Amafunikira kuwala kambiri, koma kuwonetsa mwachindunji ku dzuwa kuyenera kupewedwa.
Kuthirira kwambiri sikofunikira, koma chisamaliro chikuyenera kuchitidwa kuti dothi lisaphwe. Kudzanulira sikofunikira. Munthawi yopumira, kuthirira kumatha palimodzi. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi imeneyi imachokera ku mwezi umodzi ndi theka yozizira.
M'nyengo yozizira, mphika womwe uli ndi mbewuyo umatsukidwa m'malo ozizira koma owuma. Pankhaniyi, kutentha kuyenera kukhala 12-140C. M'nyengo yotentha, mutha kupita ndi chomera kupita kumlengalenga.
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timapangidwa pamtundu wa Depp wowawasa, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka. Chomera chimatha kufalitsa ndi mwana wamkazi anyezi.
Kusamalira chomera
Mitundu ina sifunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Zitha kubzalidwa pansanja pansi pa zitsamba ndi mitengo, pomwe zina zimangobzalidwa m'malo obisalamo.
Pakati pa izi namsongole amapezeka, Kuyimitsa kuberekanso komwe nkovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, samalani mukamagula. Nthawi zambiri zimalimidwa ngati mbewu zakunyumba, ngakhale tchire ndizochepa kwambiri.
Kusamalira moyenera chomera cha oxalis kumatha kupereka zinthu zingapo:
- Kutentha M'nyengo yotentha ndi yophukira, mbewuyo imakonda kutentha kutentha 2121C. M'nyengo yozizira, ili nthawi yopumula, chitsamba chimasungidwa nthawi zonse kukumbukira 1111C. Kwa nyengo yozizira, Ortgis imafuna kutentha kwa 15-17C.
- Kuwala Chomera chimakonda kuyatsa kowoneka bwino. Zabwino kwambiri kukhazikitsa pawindo lakum'mawa. Mukakhazikitsa pazenera kuchokera kumwera chakum'mwera, shading kapena bungwe la kuwala komwazikana ndi chowunikira ndikofunikira.
- Chinyezi cha mpweya. Chitsamba chimakonda kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, makamaka nthawi yotentha komanso masika. Kupopera kwa nthawi yonseyi sikofunikira.
- Kuthirira. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, ndi kukula kwakukulu, kuthirira yambiri kumafunikira, pamene nthaka imuma. M'dzinja, ndimatsitsa kuthirira.
- Feteleza. Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembala, mbewuyo imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa mchere. Bait imapangidwa mosiyanasiyana pamwezi.
Njira zofalitsira za maluwa a oxalis acid
Oxalis imafalikira mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito mbeu, zofesedwa masika. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, mphukira zamkati ndi masamba a masamba okha zimawonekera, ndipo nyengo yotsatila, nsalu zotchinga masamba zimayamba kupangika, malo atsopano amapanga mphukira kuchokera kumtunda.
Komanso itha kufalikira ndi maina a mphuno. Zabzalidwa kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February, zidutswa 7 mpaka 7 muchitsulo chimodzi, zowazidwa pamwamba ndi dothi la 1 sentimita. Kapangidwe kazinthu: turf, tsamba ndi mchenga, pazowerengera 2: 1: 1. Mizu isanayambe, mutabzala, chitsamba chimasungidwa m'malo abwino ndi kutentha kwa 4-9, kuthiriridwa ndi madzi pang'ono. Kuyambira pakati pa kasupe, kutentha kwakhala kukukulira.
M'maluwa azithunzi zamatumbo mumatha thirani nthawi iliyonse. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kudzala pakati pa nthawi yophukira ndikupeza tchire lomwe ndilopanda masamba a Chaka Chatsopano. Ikani zigawo zingapo mu masentimita 8 mu mchenga, nthaka ndi kompositi m'njira 1: 1: 2. Mizu isanawonekere, zotengera zimayikidwa m'malo ndi kutentha kwa 4-9C, ndipo poyambira kukula zimasunthidwa ndikukhala kutentha.
Mukamaona nthawi yamaluwa, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi yonse ya chitukuko kuyambira nthawi yobzala timatumba imatha kukhala pafupifupi masiku 45. Chifukwa chake, mbewuyo ikadzabzala mu nthawi ya masika imaphukira mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Mitundu ina imatha kufalikira ngati ma bulu, ndi odulidwa, pa kutentha koyenera kwa 24C, amazika mumchenga m'masiku 19-22. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kupereka shading kuchokera kumayendedwe a dzuwa mwachindunji.
Pali zinthu zina pamtundu waulimi. Zosiyanasiyana zomwe gawo la mlengalenga silifa nthawi yozizira limakhazikitsidwa m'chipinda chozizira komanso chowala bwino (15-17C) ndipo sichithilira madzi ambiri patatha masiku awiri, nthaka yapamwamba itatha, ndi madzi ochepa.
Zosiyanasiyana, momwe mlengalenga zimafa nthawi yozizira, zimachepetsa kuthirira miyezi ingapo chisanachitike nyengo yozizira. M'nthaka mumakhala timinofu tokha tomwe timatha kusungidwa m'malo abwino komanso owala bwino (11-13C). Munthawi imeneyi, chisamaliro chapadera sichofunikira.
Nthaka iyenera kusamalidwa bwino, koma osaphwetsa dothi. Mphukira yoyamba itawonekera, chitsamba chimachedwa kusamukira kumalo otentha. Maluwa amachitika patatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi.
Kislitsaza ndi chitsamba chokongola ndi maluwa okongola. Chomera ndichoyenera kubzala m'zipinda zoyatsa. Nthawi yomweyo, acidic ali ndi kusiyana kofunikira kuchokera ku mbewu zina zamkati: maina angabzalidwe nthawi iliyonse ndipo kuwerengetsa maluwa pofika tsiku linalake.
