Ndikosavuta kuganiza chomera choyambirira kuposa singano, makamaka. Pakati pazomera zamkati, ndizodabwitsa kwambiri. Chozizwitsa chokhazikika chokhazikika, momwe mphukira zosinthidwa zimawoneka ngati masamba, ndipo ngakhale zipatso zofiira zomwe zimapatsa kukongola kodabwitsa - singano idzagunda aliyense. Koma kuoneka kwa chitsamba chowoneka bwino ichi ndi chiyambi chabe cha zozizwitsa. Kupatula apo, singano zimatha kukula ngakhale m'malo ovuta kwambiri.
Iglitsa (Ruscus).
Zoyambira Russian
Pamene singano imatchedwa chomera chamnyumba chambiri, panjira pachowonadi. Izi zimangowoneka ngati shrub wapamwamba. Koma machitidwe, zimapezeka kuti zonse zomwe zili mmenemo sizachilendo - kuyambira mizu mpaka mphukira, masamba, maluwa ndi zipatso. Chomera ndicholimba kwambiri kotero kuti kugawa pang'ono kwa singano kumanyoza malingaliro alionse.
Dzina la botanical la singano ndi ruskus (Russian), ngakhale dzina "lotanthauzilidwa" ndilodziwika kwambiri pakati pa alimi, chifukwa likuwonetsa bwino zazikulu zazikulu zakukongoletsa za anthu okhala m'mapiri. Masingano akuimira banja la Asparagaceae mchipinda chachipinda. Mwachilengedwe, ruscus imatha kupezeka makamaka kumadera okhala m'mapiri a mayiko a Mediterranean.
Oimira mtundu Iglitsa (Ruscus) - zitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse kapena zipatso zazitali zokhala ndi mphukira yamphamvu kwambiri. Kutalika kwambiri kwa singano, ngakhale mwachilengedwe, ndi masentimita 70 okha. Izi ndi mbewu zowoneka bwino komanso zowala kwambiri, zowoneka bwino, mosatengera nthawi yomwe idakula.
Singano zimawoneka ngati zitsamba zometana, zokhala ndi masamba. Ndipo ichi ndiye chododometsa chachikulu. M'malo mwake, masamba enieni a singano siovuta kuzindikira. Masamba ochepa kwambiri komanso osakwanira, masamba enieni amatuluka mobisa ndipo "amatha" njira yophukira yaying'ono. Koma pamwamba pa nthaka zimawonetsedwa ngati masikelo oyera oyera.
Chowoneka chapadera mwa mbewu izi ndi mphukira ngati masamba osinthika, kapena masamba abodza - phyllocladies. Amawoneka kwambiri ngati masamba wamba kotero ndizovuta kwambiri kuti akhulupirire. Mphukira zooneka ngati masamba kapena zowongoka ndipo zimalimbikitsa chinyengo cham'maso.
Koma pokhapokha pazomera zachilendo zonse zozizwitsa zomwe singano zimakonza sizimatha pamenepo. Chomera chojambulachi sichodabwitsa, koma chimatsogolera chiwonetserochi chowoneka bwino. Mtundu wonyezimira, wosasinthika komanso waung'ono kwambiri, wamtambo wokhala ngati nyenyezi ndi "petals" zisanu ndi imodzi amawonekera pakati, pansi kapena pamwamba pa phylloclad.
Ngati kupukusa kumachitika, ndiye kuti pamakhala maluwa, tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 2 cm. Raby yoyera, yonyezimira bwino, imodzi kapena ziwiri, zipatso zamtunduwu moyang'ana masamba a pseudo zimawoneka ngati zodzikongoletsera. Chokhacho chingakhale ndi masingano okongola: kuti zipatso zitheke, muyenera kuyeserera kudziyambitsa nokha.
Mitundu ya singano
Ngakhale kuti singano ndizopadera m'njira zonse ndipo zimadziwika mosavuta, izi zimathanso kudabwitsidwa ndi chisankho chosayembekezeka cha mitundu yofanana kwambiri. Pachikhalidwe cha zipinda, singano zimayimiriridwa ndi mitundu itatu.
Singano ndiyabwino kapena Pontic singano,kapena Singano molimbika (Ruscus aculeatus) ndiye chomera chotchuka kwambiri cha Ruscus chotalika masentimita 60. Mtunduwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi mphukira zolimba. Mphukira ngati zowondera kapena zowombera pamtima zokhala ndi lingaliro lochokera kutali ndizosavuta kulakwitsa masamba wamba. Kutulutsa kwa singano ya prickly kumveka bwino, maluwa okutidwa ndi mabulangeti sangathe kuzindikirika, koma zipatso zofiira zowoneka bwino ndizothandiza kwambiri. Amakongoletsa chomeracho.
Singano ya masamba (Hypphorphorphous) ikuwoneka ofanana kwambiri ndi prickly. Kusiyanaku kungawonekere mu mthunzi wopepuka wa mphukira ngati masamba ndi maluwa kutulutsa kokha kuchokera pansi pam masamba abodza.
Singano ndi yopingasa (Ruscus hypoglossum) ndi mtundu wa Ruscus, womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba ake amtali-lanceolate pseudo ndi ma brichechi oyera oyera, zomwe zimapangitsa maluwa kukhala okongola kwambiri. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amatulutsa pamwamba pa masamba opendekera pachifuwa cha masamba ofunika kwambiri a masentimita awiri. Zipatso zofiira zokhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 2 cm ndizofanana.
Singano ndi prickly, kapena singano ya Pontius (Ruscus aculeatus).
Singano ya masamba (Ruscus hypophyllum).
Hypodermic singano (Ruscus hypoglossum).
Chisamaliro cha Russian kunyumba
Masingano amatengedwa ngati mbewu zapadera osati chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa masamba a pseudo. Zikhalidwe izi sizimangokhala zosasangalatsa, komanso zamikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri. Ma Ruscus amatha kukula popanda kuwunikira, amafunikira chisamaliro chochepa, apanga zophonya zilizonse mosamala. Ndipo alibe ofanana kungawononge mbewu.
Kuwala kwa Russia
Sich pachabe kuti chikhalidwe ichi chimatchedwa kuti cholimba kwambiri: ndizosatheka kupeza chikhalidwe chomwe chimaletseka kwambiri pakugwedezeka. Kuperewera kwa masamba kumapangitsa kuti masinganowo athe kupirira ngakhale chithunzithunzi champhamvu, kupilira pazowunikira pansi pa 200 lux, momwe Spartans wolimbikira kwambiri amafa. Pankhaniyi, kusowa kwa kuwala koyenera sikungakhudze kukongola kwa mbewuyo ndipo sikuti kumangolira nthawi yozizira.
Kulekerera kwamithunzi sikutanthauza kuti ruscus sichingakule mwakuwonjeza kwambiri: maboma aliwonse kupatula dzuwa lowongoka likugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe ichi. Koma popeza ndizovuta kupeza mpikisano wa singano, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mwayi kuyika mbewuyo kumbuyo kwa chipindacho ndikutsitsimutsa mkati.
Kutentha kosangalatsa
Munthawi yazomera zomwe zikugwirika, singano imamva bwino pafupifupi nthawi zonse, kupatula kuzizira: chinthu chachikulu ndikuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa mpweya kupitirira madigiri 16. Ruskus imatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito komanso kutentha konse, koma amakwaniritsa kwambiri kutentha kwamphamvu (pafupifupi madigiri 18).
Kwa singano zotulutsa maluwa komanso kukula kwokhazikika kwa mbewu yonse, nthawi yozizira ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kusinthika kwanyengo yonse kwadzaza ndi kutentha kwa mpweya. Ruscus imakonda nyengo yachisanu yotentha pafupifupi madigiri 13 Celsius, kulolerana kuchokera 12 mpaka 15 degrees.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Iglitsa ndi imodzi mwazinthu zosazolowereka kwambiri m'nyumba. Zimafunika kusamala kwambiri, kuthirira moyenera, komwe sikuloleza kuthirira kwamadzi, ngakhale kwakanthawi kochepa. Gawo laling'ono liyenera kuloledwa kuti liume pakati pa kuthirira, yesetsani kuchita pafupipafupi ndi madzi ochepa.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino zakapangidwe kenakake kosowa koma kosalekeza ndikulolekerera kwake kouma. Kwa singano palibe chifukwa chochitira zinthu zowonjezera chinyezi cha mpweya ngakhale kupopera mbewu kosavuta. Kutentha chilimwe, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumakulitsa masamba, koma sikofunikira. Mosiyana ndi mbewu zina zambiri zamkati, ma rusks amakhala ndi bwino m'zipinda zokhala ndi zowongolera ndi zida zamagetsi, ngakhale ndibwino kupewa kuyandikira kwawo.
Njira zoyendetsera chisamaliro chomera zimaphatikizapo kuyeretsa masamba kuchokera kufumbi, lomwe lingathe kupukutidwa pang'ono ndi nsalu iliyonse yofewa.
Iglitsa (Ruscus).
Kudyetsa Kwa Rusk
Feteleza wa chomerachi pokhapokha ngati chitsamba chikukula mwachangu, mphukira zatsopano zimawonekera ndipo unyinji wobiriwira umakula. Koma ngakhale panthawiyi, kudya mokwanira ndi pafupipafupi nthawi 1 m'milungu itatu.
Chomera cham'nyumba chamtunduwu, feteleza wopezeka paliponse ndi woyenera.
Kudulira singano
Kupanga kwa korona kumaganiziridwa kuti ndi njira yachisangalalo pakukula chomera ichi. Ndikokwanira kuchotsa mphukira zowuma kapena zowonongeka. Chidziwitso ndikuti ngakhale osakonza, singano sayenera "kugwa", kutayika kwaumbidwe, chisokonezo chowoneka. Koma akafuna, mbewuyo ikhoza kupangidwa. Kupatsa mizereyo kukhala yolimba, ndipo ma silhouette akuwonekera, ngati angafune, chaka chilichonse chepetsa mphukira zowonjezerazo, kufupikitsa nthambi zazitali, kuwongolera kachulukidwe ndi kachulukidwe korona, kutsogolo kwa chitukuko.
Kupatsirana kwa Russian ndi gawo lapansi
Masingano amakhutira ndi gawo lochepera - lotayirira, lopatsa thanzi komanso lopepuka. Gawo lililonse logulidwa lazonse ndiloyenera kwa iwo, pokhapokha silikhala wandiweyani. Ngati mumasakaniza gawo lapansi nokha, onjezerani zochuluka zofanana ndi mchenga, dothi lamasamba ndi humus nthaka magawo awiri a sod nthaka.
Ndikwabwino kuziika singano pokhapokha ngati chofunikira, pomwe mbewuyo ilibe malo oti ipangikepo. Nthawi yosamutsidwa imangokhala miyezi ya masika.
Kwa singano pansi pazotengera muyenera kuyikamo madzi. Ndipo kusankha kwa chidebe chokha kuyenera kutengedwa moyenera: mawonekedwe ake, kutalika kwake ndi mainchesi kuti awone mawonekedwe a kukula. Miphika yayitali komanso yopapatiza, masingano amapanga ngati mitengo kapena zitsamba zonenepa, mulifupi ndi otsika - ngati zitsamba zobiriwira zokhala ndi ndulu yayikulu. Chifukwa chake kusankhaku sikumapangidwa ndi magawo ena othandiza, koma mawonekedwe omwe akufuna ndi mawonekedwe a mbewuyo.
Maluwa ofunikira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Kusowa kwa singano kumawonekeranso chifukwa chakuti chomera chamkati chimadwala kwambiri. Pokhapokha pamavuto kwambiri pomwe pali nthata za akangaude, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi kuponyera koopsa kwa Russian Ndikwabwino kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuswana kwa Russian
Singano zitha kupezeka kuchokera ku mbewu kapena pogawa tchire takale.
Njira ya mbewu ndiyovuta kwambiri, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti mbande zazing'ono sizitha kutayika, ndipo nthawi zina mbewu sizimamera ngakhale zaka zingapo (bwino, mbewu zimangopezeka patatha miyezi itatu), ndipo sizivuta kuti mbewu.
Mbewu zimamasulidwa ku sera wokutira m'madzi ofunda, zouma asanafesedwe. Kuzungulira kwazizira pamtunda kuchokera kutentha mpaka madigiri 0 mpaka 10 mumalo otentha kumathandizira mbande, komabe kudikirira nthawi yayitali.
Kubzala kumachitika mu zosakanikira zapadziko lapansi. Kuti zikhale mbande, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kutentha kokhazikika kwa madigiri a 18-20 ndi chinyezi chopepuka pansi pagalasi kapena filimu. Zomera zimabyalidwa pamene zimakula, koma nthawi zambiri zimatha kutenga pafupifupi chaka chisanafike kumimba: kupatsirana kumachitika pamene ziphukazo zimatambasulidwa mpaka 7-8 cm.Young Ruscus nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa mtundu wa stratization wozizira, kutentha kwapansi kuti uthandizire kukula mpaka madigiri a 13.8.
Njira yosavuta yoberekera singano ndiyo kudzipatula. Imachitika pa kumujambulitsa ndipo pokhapokha pazomera zakale kwambiri. Dzungu limagawika zidutswa zokhala ndi mizu yambiri komanso mphukira zitatu zapansi. Ndikofunikira kusamalira mbewu mosamala, kuvulala kwa mphukira sikovomerezeka. Mizu imatenga nthawi yayitali.
