Maluwa a Hibiscus: kukula, chisamaliro ndi chithunzi

Hibiscus ndi gulu la mbeu kuchokera pagulu la Malvaceae. Monga lamulo, awa ndi mitengo yobzalidwa ndi zitsamba, koma maluwa othetsa udzu amatha kupezekanso. Mu nyengo yozizira imakula movutikira, chifukwa chake, hibiscus imakonda kukhala ngati maluwa amkati, ndipo nthawi yotentha imatengedwa kupita ku veranda kapena loggia. M'madera otentha, maluwa amenewa amatha kupezeka poyera.

Malo obadwira hibiscus ndi China komanso Asia. Itha kupezekanso ku Africa, USA, Australia. Ndipo ku Hawaii, ndi maluwa amtundu.

Maluwa a Hibiscus: chithunzi ndi kufotokoza

Monga lamulo, hibiscus ndi yofunika, mitengo yaying'ono yobiriwira kapena tchire 2,5 mpaka 5,5 kukula. Tsinde la mbewuyi ndilopanda, masamba ali pa petioles. Mawonekedwe akulu okongola kwambiri owonekera pafupifupi masentimita 6 mpaka 32. Maluwa a maluwa a hibiscus ndi osiyanasiyana. Zipatso ndi timabokosi tating'onoting'ono timene timadula masamba 5. Mkati mwake muli nthangala kapena nthangala, koma mumtundu wina mbewuzo zimakhala zopanda chilichonse.

Hibiscus amakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 22. Mukakonza chisamaliro choyenera cha hibiscus ndikupanga zonsezo, mbewuyo imatha kukula mpaka mamita 3. Lero pali maluwa ndi maluwa am'nyumba a hibiscus, athunthu, pafupifupi mitundu 300.

Mtengo hibiscus

Olima munda ambiri amakonda mtundu uwu wa mbewu zazikulu (pafupifupi 11 cm.) Maluwa okongola ndipo amawagwiritsa ntchito bwino ngati mpanda wamoyo, akumakongoletsa ziwembu zawo. Kutsirira komanso dothi lachonde ndizofunikira kwambiri hibiscus. Masamba ooneka ngati mazira, ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri adzapatsa mbewuzo kumera bwino.

Msambo Hibiscus

Chomera chokhala ndi maluwa akulu owala, chokongoletsedwa ndi malo a carmine pafupi ndi corolla. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, chimaphukira kwa chaka. Anthu okhala pachilimwe amakonda kubzala mbewuyi ngati thithi.

Hibiscus yakunyumba yosamalidwa ndiyosazindikira kwenikweni, maluwa awo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsera komanso mankhwala.

Wotchuka kwambiri pakubzala kwathu hibiscus chinese. Imakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu owotchera komanso osinthika. Hibiscus limamasula kwa nthawi yayitali: kuyambira koyambirira kwa masika mpaka m'dzinja. Maluwa akulu owala sakhala masiku. Mtunduwo, monga lamulo, ndi wofiyira owoneka bwino, koma m'masitolo mutha kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yoyera ndi yosavuta mitundu yoyera, yabuluu, ndi yofiirira.

Hibiscus ndi asthmatous. Mtundu wa herbaceous wamitundu iyi umamera kumwera kokha. Masamba a chomera amawoneka ngati mpendadzuwa. Maluwa akulu okhala ndi kufiyira kukhosi, osatsegulidwa kwathunthu tsiku limodzi.

Terry hibiscus. Chomera chimakhala ndi maluwa akulu oyera pafupifupi masentimita 14 kukula kwake tsiku limodzi. Duwa lokhazikika nthawi zonse lokhala ndi masamba obiriwira owoneka bwino kwambiri komanso owoneka bwino. Amakonda kuthirira komanso kuwala kowala.

Utatu hibiscus. Ichi ndi chomera chomwe chimapangidwa pachaka pogwiritsa ntchito mbande. Amasiyana chifukwa maluwa ake otsekemera amatsegula nthawi ya 7 m'mawa ndikutseka 20.

Hibiscus ndiyotheka kusintha. Amasiyana chifukwa maluwa ake okongola ndi ofanana ndi mitengo ya rose ndipo nthawi yamaluwa amasintha mtundu kuchokera pamitundu yoyera mpaka kumapeto kwa maluwa. Kutalika kungakhale mpaka 4.5 m.

Okra nayonso imamera pambewu. Ili ndi duwa la pachaka, lomwe limatha kutalika mamita 3. Maluwa akuluakulu achikasu kapena ofiira ali m'machimowo, ndipo ukufalikira, kupanga zipatso zomwe zimafanana ndi biringanya kapena katsabola kuti azilawa.

Hibiscus

Ichi ndi chomera cholimba kwambiri ndipo sichofunikira kwambiri pakukula pakhomo. Imakula mwachangu kwambiri. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, imakhala ndi maluwa ambiri, zimachitika kuti pachimake ngakhale nthawi yozizira. Chofunikira kwambiri chomwe hibiscus imafunikira ndikuwunikira kowala, kuthirira kosalekeza ndi kupopera mbewu zamaluwa.

Ndikofunikira kuyiyika pamalo otetezedwa ndi mphepo, koma kuyatsa bwino. Nthawi ndi nthawi amafuna nyambo: Pa nyengo yonse yakukula, pafupifupi nthawi imodzi m'masiku 14, feteleza wa mchere amawonjezeredwa ndi madzi othirira. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, limodzi ndi kufalikira, duwa limadulidwa, izi zimathandizira nthambi.

Kuyatsa ndi kuthirira

Hibiscus ndi chomera chamkati chomwe chimayenera kumatsanulidwa nthawi zonse ndikuthiriridwa. M'chilimwe, mutha kuchita kawiri pa tsiku, ndipo kasupe akwanira kamodzi. M'nyengo yozizira, monga lamulo, kutsirira kumachepetsedwa, ndipo nthawi yakula amamwetsedwa madzi ambiri. Dziko lapansi limakakamizidwa kuti lizikhala lonyowa komanso lotayirira. Thirani hibiscus makamaka ndi madzi ofewa komanso okhazikika.

Mbewuyo imakonda kuwala kwachilengedwe. M'chilimwe, ndikofunikira kuyiyika kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwawindo. Ngati mawindo ali kumbali yakumwera, ndibwino kuyikira hibiscus pawindo kapena kuteteza chomera kuti chisawonekere padzuwa, ndikuchiphimba ndi nsalu. Nyengo yotentha, hibiscus imatha kuwululidwa panja, koma muyenera kuteteza ku mphepo ndikuwunika dzuwa.

Kutentha

Kutentha koyenera kwambiri kwa hibiscus pakukula mwachangu ndi 17-24 C. Mokulira ndichomera chomera bwino, koma sichikhala pachimake mwachangu. M'nthawi yachisanu osalola kutsitsa kutentha pansipa 12 Capo ayi mbewuyo igwetsa masamba ake.

Masamba a inflorescence a mbewu amayikidwa madigiri 13-18. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu, kutuluka kwa nyengo yadzuwa, duwa limakhala m'malo amdima, kutenthetsa, pano hibiscus ili mpaka mwezi wa Marichi. Pakawonekera masamba, ngakhale masamba asanapangidwe, mbewuyo imapangidwanso.

Chinyezi

Pankhaniyi, hibiscus ndi odzichitira ulemu, koma akulangizidwa kupaka nthawi ndi nthawi. Chomera chamaluwa chimalishiridwa ndimadzire pakusintha kwa madzi firiji. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa Hibiscus ndi njira yabwino yopeweretsanso.

Malo okula

Nthaka ya hibiscus iyenera kupuma, kumasulidwa bwino, mumphika, muyenera kupanga madzi. Monga lamulo, dothi limakhala ndi turf, tsamba, dziko lotukutira, peat, manyowa, mchenga, makala ochepa. Chinyezi chapansi sayenera kulowererapo: pH 6.5-7.5. Ngati acidity ya dziko lapansi ili munjira ina, zimakhala zovuta kuti hibiscus imbe michere.

Feteleza ndi nyambo

Nyambo yokhala ndi michere ndi nayitrogeni imapangitsa maluwa kutuwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake limathandiza kwambiri m'chilimwe komanso masika. Duwa limadyetsedwa kamodzi pamwezi ndi feteleza wosungunuka ndi madzi okhala ndi mkuwa, chitsulo, potaziyamu, phosphorous, manganese, nayitrogeni, magnesium, ndi zina.

Chapakatikati, ndikofunikira kudyetsa ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera zambiri, nthawi yotentha - phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Zowonjezera zowonjezera bwino "Zoonjezera utawaleza" kapena "Zabwino".

Thirani

Zomera zazing'ono zimayenera kusinthidwa chaka chilichonse m'miphika yayikulu. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika mkati mwa masika. Kuziika mpaka kukula kwa mphikawo ndi pafupifupi 35 cm.

Kusuntha kwamaluwa akuluakulu m'mbale zazikulu zaka zitatu zilizonse. Ngati acidity ya dziko lapansi ndilabwinobwino ndipo mulibe tizilombo zovulaza, ndiye kuti hibiscus ingasiyidwe mu chidebe chomwechi, ndikungotchotsa kumtunda (pafupi masentimita 6) ndikuyambitsa yatsopano. Chapakatikati, mutha kudula kukula kwa mbewu ndi 1/3 ya kutalika kuti ipange chitsamba. Kudulira kwapachaka kumayambitsa maluwa.

Kuswana

Chomera chimafalikira mothandizidwa ndi mbewu, ma bend kapena mpweya. Zidulidwa zimadulidwa mchilimwe kuchokera kumtunda wa kukula kwambiri. Duwa, lomwe limafalikira ndikudula, mizu yake bwino bwino m'mwezi umodzi kapena m'madzi, kapena mumiphika yokutidwa ndi mtsuko. Mizu yake ikapangidwa, mbewuyo imayikidwa mu chidebe pafupifupi masentimita 10. Kupangitsa kuti duwa likhale lozikika kwambiri, pakapita nthawi, ikanikizeni korona ndi nthambi zammbali pafupi ndi tsinde. Zodulidwa zitha kumanikizidwanso. Monga lamulo, izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Nthawi zambiri, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, achinyamata amaphukira pachaka choyamba.

Mbewu zabzalidwa m'nthaka kuyambira kumapeto kwa dzinja. Nthaka iyenera kutenthetsedwa (24-28 gr.), Ndipo ndikofunikira kuti zilowerere mbewu zisanabzalidwe tsiku limodzi. Mtengo wachitatu ukadzamera mmera, duwa limatha kusunthidwa kumiphika. Mphukira zimayamba kuphuka patatha zaka zochepa.

Munda wa Hibiscus

Kubzala chomera panthaka ndikuthekanso, koma madera akum'mwera hibiscus amakula popanda chisamaliro chambiri, koma kumadera akumpoto ayenera kusamalidwa.

Hibiscus chikasu ndioyenera kulimidwa panja, mbewu zimayamba kuphuka kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto. Mitengoyi imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, imadzibwereka yokha mwadongosolo kuti ipange.

Mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu mwachilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, hybrid hibiscus) imamera m'minda yathu. Mtengo woteteza mizu ku chisanu komanso pakuuma, mulch ndi masamba kapena udzu wouma. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewuyo imatsekedwa. Kubwera kwa masika, nthambi zakale zimadulidwa, ndipo mphukira zomwe zimapangidwa zimang'ambika kuti zipange korona wambiri.

Malangizo a Wam'munda

Chisamaliro chipinda cha Hibiscus ili ndi zina:

• Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa alangizi amalangiza kudyetsa mbewuyo yankho la shuga (0,5 tsp shuga pa chikho cha madzi).
• Mutha kusintha nthawi yamaluwa, ndipo hibiscus imaphuka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira kapena nthawi yozizira. Chifukwa chiyani mukufunikira "kusintha" nthawi yonse yopuma: kufikira kumapeto kwa kasupe, ikani duwa pamalo amdima ndikuthirirani madzi, kenako ndikudulira ndikubwereza kudulira pakati pa chilimwe.
• Ndikwabwino kugula chomera m'masitolo odziwika bwino mchaka. Nyamula duwa laling'ono ndi masamba ambiri.
• Mukatulutsa firiji, mutha kupeza supuni imodzi yokha ya nyama kuchokera nyama. Magazi angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kudyetsa hibiscus posakaniza ndi madzi othirira: duwa amakonda michere yopezeka m'magazi.

Zisanu

M'nyengo yozizira, duwa liyenera kukonza bwino kuwala tsiku lililonse kwa maola osachepera 8, mutha kuyikapo nyali za fluorescent poyiyika motalikirana ndi 0,5 mamita kuchokera pachomera. Ngati kuyatsa pang'ono, mbewuyo imaphukira bwino kapena siyikaphuka kwathunthu. M'nyengo yozizira, nyambo imachitidwa pafupipafupi, koma poganizira momwe duwa limakhalira (kamodzi pamwezi ndi theka la potaziyamu ndi zina zowonjezera phosphorous) kapena pamene hibiscus ili kuzizira komanso pafupifupi malo owuma, nyambo imayimitsidwa kwathunthu. Onjezani nyambo mutathirira. Kutentha kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira ndi 15-17 gr.

Gwiritsani ntchito

Makhalidwe ofunikira a hibiscus:

• Chomera chili ndi machitidwe abwino a anti-kutupa ndi he hetiaticatic, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zilonda zam'mimba;
• duwa lili ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira: phytosterols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, pectins (kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, kulimbitsa mitsempha yamagazi).

Makhalidwe ochiritsa a karkade:

• ali ndi antispasmodic zotsatira;
• normalizing kukakamiza;
• kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana;
• kumawonjezera chitetezo chokwanira, kuyeretsa thupi, kuteteza chiwindi, kuyambitsa mapangidwe a bile;
• imakhala ndi mphamvu yosintha;
• otetezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso;
• tiyi amathetsa ludzu;
• kudya nthawi yayitali kumathandiza kubereka;
• amathandizira ndi otsogola;
• ntchito ngati mankhwala ofewetsa thukuta;
• Zabwino kwambiri pakuchepetsa thupi.

Ngakhale duwa limathandiza kwambiri, pali zotsutsana kugwiritsa ntchito:

• duwa lili ndi mphamvu ya choleretic, chifukwa chake sibwino kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osatha a ndulu agwiritse ntchito;
• muyenera kuganizira kuopsa kwa chifuwa;
• pa mimba, osafunika kugwiritsa ntchito hibiscus, popeza yogwira zinthu za maluwa kuyambitsa chiberekero, kuyambitsa msambo;
• ana ochepera miyezi 12 zakubadwa amatsutsana mu hibiscus;
• mosamala ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito hibiscus kwa zilonda (ndikofunikira kuonana ndi dokotala).

Kusamalira mbewu moyenera kumathandiza pangani mtengo wokongola. Kutsatira malangizowo onse, mutha kukula duwa lokongola lachipinda chachikulu kapena holo, ndipo chomera chaching'ono chamaluwa chimakhala chokongoletsera chabwino kwambiri.