Mitundu ya mbewuzi imaphatikizapo mitundu itatu yokha, iliyonse yomwe imamera kumadzulo kwa North America. Mbusa wamtundu wa abusa amatchedwa mosiyana kwawo, koma dzina "lozolowera" ambiri limawatcha "njati" (mu Chingerezi "buffaloberry").
Shepherdia, ngati nyanja yokhala ndi tsekwe, ndi am'banja loyamwa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi masamba apamwamba a siliva ndi zipatso za chikasu. Mu CIS ambiri, kukoma kwa zipatso zazing'ono kumatembenukira wowawasa, koma kumwera kwa Russia ndi Ukraine amapeza kutsekemera. Awiri mwa mitundu itatuyi amadziwika ndi kukongoletsa, ndikupanga chiyembekezo chogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsamba chokongoletsera chapakati pakati pa Russian Federation.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Weta siliva - mitundu yodziwika bwino, yayikulu, yokakamira kuposa mitundu ina yonse yofanana ndi nyanja. Kukula kwa mtengo wachikulire kumakhala kutalika kwa mita 6, koma nthawi zambiri ndi chitsamba chokongola, chophukika ndi minga, masamba owonda onenepa komanso zitsinde za siliva.
Mitundu ya maluwa ang'onoang'ono ndi achikasu, kusonkhana kwa amuna mwachidule, ndipo azimayi nthawi zambiri amakhala okha. Nthawi yamaluwa imayamba masamba asanaonekere ndipo imatenga masiku 20. Zipatsozi zimadziwika ndi mtundu wofiyira wowoneka bwino, kukoma kosangalatsa kwambiri kozizira komanso wowawasa ndi mainchesi 0,6, ambiri a iwo. Panthawi ya maluwa ndi zipatso, nyamazo zimalowa kuyambira wazaka 10.
Mbusa Canada lalifupi kwambiri kutalika kwake, ndi chitsamba chosachedwa kutalika pafupifupi 150 masentimita, chili ndi zofiirira, osati zozungulira. Limamasula kuyambira Epulo, komanso mpaka masamba ataphuka. Masamba ndi utoto siliva pansipa, pamwamba pake ndi wonyezimira, komanso obiriwira.
Zili zokongoletsera kwambiri, zomwe sizinayang'aniridwe konse ndi olimawo, osati ku America kokha, komanso m'dziko lathu, makamaka popeza mtunduwu, kuphatikiza apo, ndiye suthira chisanu kwambiri. Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi utoto wofiirira komanso chosakoma (ngakhale chokoletsa), chomwe chimaphatikizidwa ndi kuwawa kwambiri.
Mbusa - Kachitsamba kakang'ono komanso kowoneka bwino komwe kali ndi nthambi zambiri, pomwe pali chivundikiro cha masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Pamwambapo timapepala takhala ndi timatanda tanthete.
Ngakhale kuti nyanjazo zimamasula ndipo zimabala zipatso zambiri, zimatsamira pansi pamtunda wa zipatso zakupsa, sizingadye, ngakhale kuphuka. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ngakhale ku America, mbusawa amapezeka pafupifupi pagawo la Colorado Plateau.
Sea buckthorn Shepherdia kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera
Mbusa siliva silvery amakula bwino m'malo owuma ndi owuma, okhala ndi mpanda kuchokera kumphepo yachisanu. Zamoyo zachilengedwe zaku America sizikhala ndi nthawi yozizira pang'ono kuposa momwe zimakhalira zoweta.
Ngati mudzala kubzala pafupi ndi nyanja Kupukutira mbewu zazikazi zokwana 7-10, wamphongo mmodzi ndikwanira. Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zazimuna 1 ndi zazikazi zimabzidwa pamalopo.
Mtengowo sufuna kuthirira. M'malo mwake, chinyezi chokhazikika pamizu chimalepheretsa. Pamenepa, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale m'malo omwe madzi apansi amatuluka, ndipo ngati pali dothi lolemera komanso dothi, kutulutsa madzi bwino pogwiritsa ntchito ngalande kuyenera kuthandizidwa. Limodzi mwa malamulo ofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa nyanja yamchere yaku America ndi kusowa kwathunthu kwa madzi.
Dimba la Blueberry lilinso mabulosi othandiza kwambiri, omwe amalimidwa bwino mukabzala ndi kusamalira poyera. Mukamatsatira malamulo onse aukadaulo waulimi, mbewuyo imakolola bwino. Mutha kupeza malingaliro onse ofunikira kuti mukule ndi kusamalira nkhaniyi.
Mbusa Primer
Mwakutero, dothi lililonse ndiloyenera kubzala, chifukwa zipatso zimatha kukhala zambiri pamchenga ndi dongo. Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa abusa aang'ono zimatha kusintha ndikumasulira dothi lomwe linali pafupi ndi thunthu kuti lifike pafupifupi masentimita 6 (osatinso, chifukwa mizu yake ndi ya kumtunda) ndikuchotsa udzu pamenepo.
Kutalika kwa mulch kwamtundu wa 5c kumathandizanso. Ndikofunikira kuti mphukira kuchokera kumizu idzagwiritse ntchito nthawi yomweyo ngati zinthu zodzala, kapena kungodzula pang'onopang'ono pokumba pansi mpaka kugundana kwa mphukira ndi mizu yopingasa ndikudula ma secateurs oyamba pansi pa chigawo kuti lamanzere hemp. Maenje omwe amachokera amadzazidwanso ndi dziko lapansi.
Shepherdia kumuika
Ponena za kufalikira kwa mizu, muyenera kudziwa kuti njirayi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yofalitsira ntchito yaubusa. Zimapangidwa mwina m'masiku oyamba a kasupe, kapena masiku oyamba a Okutobala, pomwe mtengo wamayi "amawomboledwa" kuchokera kwa ana ndipo wamphamvu kwambiri amasankhidwa.
Mphukira iyenera kubzala pomwepo pamalo osatha, yogwiritsidwa ntchito pokubzala pamalo okhazikika. Momwe mizu imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa timiyendo tating'ono, komwe ndikofunikira kuti tisasunthike, tikuyenda komanso kubzala mmera.
Kukula ndi kuya kwa dzenje lobzala kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 50-60 cm, osapatula ngalande, mtunda pakati pa mbande ndi 1.5-3 metres. Ndikofunika kuwaza mizu ndi nthaka yachonde, ndiye kuthirira mbande. Mapeto ake, ayenera kuthira mitengo ikuluikulu, kugwiritsa ntchito peat, humus kapena manyowa owola.
Feteleza wa abusa
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muthe manyowa dothi lomwe limadzazidwa pakachulukidwe kamakokedwe pobzala ndi ndowa ziwiri kapena zitatu za humus kapena kompositi. Zachidziwikire, pansi pa dzenje pamenepa muyenera kukhala ozama, ndipo izi zimayenera kusamalidwa zisanachitike.
Palibenso kudyetsa kwa chefhedria. Kuphatikiza apo, imadziyimira payokha ndi nayitrogeni, poyang'anira michere ya nitrogen-ikukonzekera unicellular (mwa kufananiza ndi nyemba).
Kubzala mbewu
Pomaliza, kudulira ndikofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha chefhedria. Kuchotsa nthambi zakale zosweka ziyenera kuchitika pachaka, limodzi ndi izi, ngati kuli kotheka, kusunga mawonekedwe abwinowo a mtengo / chitsamba.
Gawo lalikulu la njirayi ndikuchepetsa nthambi zomwe zimasindikiza korona - zonse zomwe zimapanga chisanu, zophwanyika ndi zokhala ngati mawonekedwe zimadulira. Kuti izi zitheke, mitengo yomwe imabereka mbewu, kutsika kwakanthawi kwa korona kumawonjezeredwa, ndikuwonetsa kuti nthambi zotsogola potenga nthambi zazifupi zimafupikitsidwa.
Kutsitsa chisoti chachifumu kutalika kwa 2-2,5 mita kumathandizira kwambiri kusamalira mbewu komanso kutulutsa mabulosi. Pamodzi ndi kuzindikira kwa kukula kwa nthambi za axial ndi ofananira ndi ukalamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti zibwezeretsedwenso pochita kufupikitsa nkhuni zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu pachaka chilichonse cha 7 cha moyo. Ngati korona atatsikira, masamba okha ndi nthambi zake zokha zomwe zimamera vertically ziyenera kusiyidwa podulira. Zomwe tafotokozazi sizangolimbitsa thanzi la mtengowo, komanso zimathandizira kukulitsa zipatso, zipatso zambiri.
Shepherdia mabulosi kutola
Zipatso zimakololedwa mu September. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zochuluka kwambiri za izo, ndipo chilakolako chosagonjetseka chimabuka kuti chizisonkhanitse zonse mwachangu.
Kuti muchite izi, panjira, mudzakhala ndi chinsalu chachikulu chomwe mungayike pansi pa mtengo ndikudula zipatso pamenepo. Kuchokera pamtengo wachikulire muzilandira zipatso za 12-14 kg.
Weta m'busa kuuma
Siliva waubusa ndi mbewu yolimba kwambiri yozizira. Imatha kupirira chisanu mpaka -45 ℃, motero, ku Russian Federation imakula popanda zovuta m'magawo ambiri.
Chosiyanacho ndichakuti, mwina, Siberia, ndipo kunja kwa Moscow titha kunena kuti ano ndi malo abwino kwambiri olimitsira mitengo yazipatso.
Kulima mbewu za abusa
Mbusa wa siliva amafalizidwa mothandizidwa ndi njere, zodula, kapena, monga tanena kale, mbadwa za muzu. Ndiponso, pokonzekera kubzala, munthu asayiwale za kusiyanitsa mitundu, ndiye kuti, mbewu zamphongo ndi zazimuna (zodulidwa, ana) zimafunika.
Njira yofesayo imaphatikizapo kuyembekezera kucha kucha, kupatula mbewu kwa iwo ndikubzala pakati yophukira panthaka yachonde. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba mbewu ndi masamba atagwa kapena agrofibre osakhala opangidwa.
Mbande zomwe zimatuluka mchaka zimayenera kusamalidwa bwino, kudulira ndi kuthirira nthawi yonse yotentha, ndipo nthawi yozizira ziyenera kuphimbidwa. Kwa kumera, ndibwino kusankha malo achonde pomwe, pakatha zaka 1-1.5, chefhedria ipeza mphamvu zokwanira. Kenako ikhoza kuikidwa ku tsamba lililonse lokhazikika kale.
Kufalitsa ubusa ndi odulidwa
Kukolola zodulidwa zomwe zimachitika mchaka. Zidutswa za mitengo yobiriwira yaying'ono yayitali masentimita 15 mpaka 20 kuchokera pamitengo yopanda thanzi / zitsamba zazikazi zonse zobzalidwa mosiyana. Ngati, asanabzalidwe, adanyowa mu mizu yopanga biostimulator, ndikubzala mu nthaka yothilitsidwa ndi michere, azizika mizu mosavuta.
Mutha kupitilizanso kutha kuzika mizu pogwiritsa ntchito mitsuko yagalasi kapena kudula mabotolo apulasitiki ngati chivundikiro. Nyengo inayake ikadutsa, ndipo masamba oyamba ayamba kuwonekera - umboni waukulu wakukula bwino. Osathamangira kuchotsa pogona, m'magawo oyamba izi zimachitika pongofuna mpweya wabwino. Kutentha pakubwera, kukula kumayambira.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Siliva waubusa samakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo tina aliyense. Mu chomera chokhazikika kwambiri komanso cholimba, matenda ndi osowa kwambiri.
Wetani siliva zofunikira
Shepherdia sabisa phindu la zipatso zake, monga momwe zimawonera ndi maonekedwe ake okongola. Amwenye adawazindikira koyamba ndikuwapatsa zakudya zabwino, zomwe zidawathandiza kudwala matenda ambiri. Ngakhale kukoma kumapezeka ndi zipatso, popeza kumakhala kuzizira, ndizothandiza kwambiri zimasankhidwa kumayambiriro yophukira, wowawasa, ndi zipatso zowawa.
Izi ndi zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga kwambiri, ma tannins, ma acid okhala ndi Vitamini C. Zomwe zili kumapeto zimasinthitsa mwaluso kuchokera ku nyanja yam'madzi yotchedwa sea buckthorn yomwe imadziwika ndi tonsefe - imakhala yokwanira kangapo. Chifukwa chake, pakudya zipatso za m'busa ngati chakudya, munthu amathandizira kulimbitsa chitetezo chathupi komanso amakonzanso thupi. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa carotene kumapangitsa chidwi cha kaphatikizidwe ka vitamini A, kukhala ndi mphamvu pa zowoneka ndi zida zamkhungu - pogwiritsa ntchito zipatso za chefhedria, mutha kukwaniritsa kusalala kwake komanso kukongoletsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, antiseptic, heestatic, anti-yotupa, choleretic ndi diuretic mankhwala a zipatso, kuthekera kwawo kochulukitsa kukana ndi kusokonekera kwa mitsempha yamagazi ndi capillaries kumadziwika. Chifukwa cha chinthu chapadera - tetrahydroharmol yopezeka mu zipatso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lawo likhale ndi zovuta kuzindikira thupi.
Maphikidwe abusa ofiira am'madzi
Pophika, pamenepo, kunalibe malo abwino kwambiri awa. Mndandanda wa maphikidwe momwe m'busa amawonekera umaphatikizapo zakumwa zamitundu mitundu, zakudya za nyama ndi zina zotero.
Pa tsiku lotentha lotentha, mutha kuzindikira kuyamwa kwamphamvu kwa zakumwa za zipatso za mtengo uwu, zokonzedwa motere:
- timatenga magalamu 500 a zipatso ndikuziyika mu poto yodzaza ndi malita awiri amadzi;
- ikani kusakaniza pachitofu, kubweretsa;
- onjezani 3 kg wa shuga;
- zilekeni.
Kuphatikiza pa chakuti chakumwa chimatha kuthetsa ludzu, ilinso ndi diuretic.
Msuzi wa Abusa
Pokonzekera msuzi wokoma komanso wathanzi, muyenera magalamu 200 a zipatso zatsopano. Zimafunika kudutsa chopukusira nyama, ndikutsanulira misa mu poto. Timawotha pamoto wotsika, ndikuwonjezera mchere, shuga ndi tsabola, potengera zomwe amakonda.
Mutha kupangitsa kuti ufa ukhale waukulu ndikufinya supuni ziwiri za ufa ndi madzi ndikuthira mu msuzi wokonzedwa. Olimbitsa, timapitiliza kuyitentha kuti isakhale madzi. Onjezani kukoma kwa zonunkhira ndi batala. Msuziyo ndi wokonzeka kudya ndi nyama ndi nsomba.
