Kwawo kwa mkate kapena vwende ngati papaya (Carica papaya) ndi South America. Komabe, mtengowu si wachibale wa mavwende kapena mbewu zina zamasamba. Amayesedwa ngati chikhalidwe chosiyana, kubala zipatso ndi vwende yapadera ndi kununkhira kwa sitiroberi.
Zomera zotere si mtengo kapena mtengo wa kanjedza. Ndipo ichi ndi chomera cha herbaceous osatha, pomwe tsinde lake lili lofanana ndi msungwi (limakhala mkati). Papaya ndi chomera chomera msanga (zonse zachilengedwe komanso nyumba). Tsinde lake limatha kufikira ma 3-5 ndi mamita ambiri m'zaka 1 kapena 2 zokha. Kubala kumayamba mchaka chachiwiri. Akakula m'nyumba, papaya amafunika kudulira, zomwe zingalepheretse kukula kwake, pomwe chitsamba chimakhala ndi mphukira yayambiri.
Poletsa kukula kwa mbewu, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha mphamvu yosabzala yayikulu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, muyezo wa lita zisanu, kukula kwake kudzakhala pafupifupi masentimita 200. Ndi zokolola izi, papaya imaberekanso zipatso. Komabe, zokolola sizikhala zochuluka. Koma mbewu ngati imeneyi nthawi yotentha ibzyalidwa panthaka kapena kuiika pamalo ena akuluakulu, ndiye kuti iyambanso kukula mwachangu.
Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mbewu iyi, ikakula m'nyumba, imangokhala zaka 5 zokha. Koma izi siziri choncho. Ngati itayang'aniridwa bwino ndikupanga zinthu zoyenera, ndiye kuti imatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 20 komanso kupitirira apo.
Kusamalira Papaya Kunyumba
Njira yotentha
Homeland papaya - madera otentha a South Africa. Komabe, mothandizidwa ndi anthu, wafalikira pafupifupi konsekonse. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti chomera chamtundu wotere chimakumana ndi mavuto ambiri kutsika kwa kutentha kochepera madigiri 0. Ngati matenthedwe satsika mtengo wake pachaka chonse, ndiye kuti papaya imakula ndikukula msanga, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imakolola zochuluka. Zipatso zazikulu kutalika zimafika masentimita 40.
Komabe, kukulira mbewuyi m'nyumba kapena wowonjezera kutentha, sizingatheke kukwaniritsa zipatso zambiri. Ndipo kukoma kwa chipatso kudzakhala kosiyana pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, mkati mwake papaya imatha kusangalatsa mwini wake ndi zipatso ziwiri kapena zitatu, kutalika kwake kumasiyana 20 mpaka 25 sentimita.
Papaya samva kutentha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, onse osachepera 1 degree, mizu yake ndi tsinde lake ndi masamba zimafa. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yozizira, ndikadzala m'nyumba kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti muzikhala kutentha osachepera madigiri 14-16. Komabe, mbewu imamveka bwino pamadigiri 25-28. Koma ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti papaya amathanso kufa chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri (madigiri oposa 30).
Momwe mungamwere
Mizu ya mbewuyi ili pafupi ndi nthaka, chifukwa chake, nthawi yotentha, imafunika kuthirira yambiri. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala kapena Novembala, kutsirira kumafunika kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, chifukwa kuzizira kwa mizu kumachepa, komwe kungayambitse kusayenda kwamadzi mu gawo lapansi, zomwe zingayambitse kukula kwa mizu. Pali akatswiri omwe amakhulupirira kuti papaya ndi mbewu yabwino. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa mpweya, kumatha kupirira kupumira kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, Bay nthawi imeneyo idamuvuta.
Zimachitika kuti kamodzi mutakhala pamalo abwino, papaya amataya masamba ake onse. Pankhaniyi, kuthirira ndi kuvala kwapamwamba kuyenera kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu ndikulola kupuma.
Kuletsa
Chomera chimafunikira mpweya wabwino pafupipafupi, koma nthawi yozizira iyenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa, chifukwa mpweya wozizira ungathe kuwononga. Masamba akakumana ndi mafunde ozizira amadzimenya, amawotcha. Potere, amatha msanga kapena kutaya turgor. Pankhaniyi, mbewu iyi imakhala yotentha kapena yopanda, koma sizoyenera kuti mpweya wozizira uzilowa.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Popeza chikhalidwe ichi chimadziwika ndi kukula kwambiri, chimangofunika kudyetsedwa pafupipafupi ndipo chimayenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe. Nthawi yomweyo, kuthira nthaka m'nthawi yophukira-nyengo yachisanu ndizoletsedwa. Chifukwa chake, amayamba kudyetsa chomeracho m'mwezi wa March ndikuchichita kawiri pamwezi. Pakudyetsa, mutha kutenga feteleza wovuta aliyense. Pankhaniyi, feteleza onse owuma ndi amadzimadzi ndioyenera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa papaya papepala (munjira yoyendera).
Maluwa
Zomera zoterezi ndizosiyanasiyana. Komabe, chifukwa cha obereketsa, mitundu iwiri yowoneka bwino inabadwa. Chifukwa chake, pa mbewu izi nthawi yomweyo maluwa amphongo ndi amuna amakula, ndipo amatchedwa kudzala. Ngati papaya timabulu tam'kati, koma osabala chipatso, izi zitha kutanthauza kuti muli ndi wamkazi kapena wamkazi. Pakadali pano, mitundu yodzala yokha yomwe ingagulidwe mwaulere m'malo ogulitsira apadera ndiyotchuka kwambiri. Kuchokera pamalingaliro okongola omwe amakula m'nyumba kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndizovuta kuti zitheke. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera mbeu ziwiri: chachikazi ndi chachimuna. Zofunikanso kuti maluwa awo ayambike nthawi imodzi, pokhapokha ngati mungu ungachitike.
Zipatso papaya chilimwe ndi yophukira. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zipatso zosapsa zimatha kudyetsedwa kwambiri, chifukwa zimakhala ndi madzi amkaka. Mukamatha kucha, msuzi wamkaka umataya zinthu zapoizoni ndipo umakhala madzi.
Njira zolerera
Itha kufalikira ndi mbewuKututa kuchokera kucha. Kukula kwawo ndikofanana ndi kukula kwa mbewu za phwetekere. Kuti mbewu zanu zimere bwino, muyenera kukumbukira kuti amafunika kutentha kwambiri kuyambira madigiri 25 mpaka 28, omwe amayenera kusamalidwa nthawi zonse. Kubzala kumachitika ndi dothi lotayirira, lomwe limalola madzi ndi mpweya kudutsa bwino; nthawi yomweyo, amafunika kuzamitsidwa theka la sentimita. Pofesa, mutha kutenganso sphagnum.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kuzizira kwake kumakhala mchipindacho, nthawi yayitali mbande imawonekera. Ngati aikidwa pamalo otentha (madigiri 25-28), ndiye kuti mphukira zoyambirira zizowonekera patatha masiku 8. Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti kumera kwabwino kwa mbewu kumatha kukhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali (zaka zingapo). Kuti zikusungidwa, gwiritsani ntchito chidebe chilichonse chopangidwa ndi galasi ndikuchiyatsa.
Komanso, mbewu iyi imatha kufalitsidwapo ndi kudula.. Ndi njirayi, mawonekedwe onse a chomera cha mayi amasungidwa. Kutalika kwa chogwirira kumayenera kuyambira 10 mpaka 12 cm. Ndipo mainchesi awo sayenera kupitirira sentimita ndi theka. Pankhaniyi, kudula kuyenera kupangidwa mwa ngodya ya madigiri 45. Pogwiritsa ntchito secateurs kapena mpeni wakuthwa kwambiri, muyenera kuchotsa mbale zonse zam'munsi, ndipo 2 zokha ziyenera kukhala pamwamba kwambiri. Kenako phesiyo imasiyidwa kwa masiku 2-3 (makamaka sabata) kuti iume, pomwe malo odulirayo akuyenera kuwonekera, omwe angathe kulepheretsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri kuti tisalowe mu tsinde. Musanabzale m'nthaka, kagawo kamayenera kuthandizidwa ndi makala ophwanyika. Komanso, ngati mungafune, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chida chomwe chimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu, kenako pokhapokha muzika mizu.
Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa 2-3 cm, kenako dothi limapangidwa pang'ono ndikuthirira. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito madzi oyera. Shank iyenera kuyikidwa pamalo abwino-oyaka (opepuka), ofunda (25-28 madigiri), ndipo mmenemo ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chinyontho chachikulu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba chigawo ndi mtsuko wagalasi, thumba la pulasitiki kapena kapu yopangidwa ndi botolo la pulasitiki. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti m'mikhalidwe yovuta mizu ya phesi siziwonekera. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikotheka kubzala tsinde mu vermiculite, perlite, mchenga kapena peat, ndipo zosakaniza zomwe zimakhala ndizofanana ndi mchenga ndi peat zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito.
Kudzala chomera chaching'ono kumapangidwa mumphika wopanda kwambiri. Kumbukirani kuti chomera chaching'ono chimakhala ndi mizu yaying'ono, chomwe sichitha kuphimba gawo lonse m'mbale zambiri, chifukwa chomwe kusefukira kumayamba kuvunda. Papaya obzalidwa mumphika wamkulu amathanso kuyamba kumera zipatso, ndipo maluwa atha kukhala ochepa. Mukabzala chomera, mainchesi achidebe chatsopano azikhala ochepa masentimita awiri kapena atatu okha kuposa oyambawo.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Mbewuyi imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Mukakula mu chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wouma kwambiri, nthata za akangaude zimatha kukhazikika papaya. Pankhani imeneyi, kuti tipewe komanso kuthana ndi tizirombo, tifunika kukonza chomera ndi mizimu. Muyenera kusamba masamba onse ndi madzi ozizira kapena ozizira. Ngati muli ndi matenda oopsa, kukonzekera bwino kwa zoyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuyenera kukonzedwa.
Matenda osiyanasiyana a fungus amatha kuoneka. Chifukwa chake, mukathirira mbewu panthawi yachisanu yozizira (osachepera madigiri 15) ndi madzi ozizira, muzu wowola umayamba kukhazikika, womwe umatsogolera kuimfa yonse.
Zochita Zamakhalidwe
Kupezeka, kuchokera papaya wamkulu ndi dzanja, zipatso, mutacha, mutha kudya popanda mantha. Zipatso zoterezi zili paliponse ndipo ndizoyenera kudya osati zatsopano. Chifukwa chake, zipatso zosapsa kwathunthu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masamba. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira kuphika ndi kuphika. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti zipatso zosapsa zokha ndi zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito muzakudya zosaphika. Amapanga ma cocktails onunkhira, amapangira saladi wazipatso kapena amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati chodzaza mkate. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti msuzi wa chipatsochi umafewetsa nyamayo bwino, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati marinade. Amafewetsa nyama yolimba kwambiri, choncho ku America imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida za nyama.
