Moni M'malo mwake, kukulira kaloti sikuli kosavuta. Osatinso mbande, kapena masamba obiriwira, kapena kuyembekezera masiku ofunda kuti abzale. Kungoti china: kubzala, udzu, kuwonda komanso kukolola. Mwina chakudya chochepa kudyetsa, ngati pakufunika. Monga lamulo, kaloti amapereka zipatso zambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni, koma amafunika potaziyamu nthawi yopanga mizu, chifukwa chake, kuyambitsa phulusa pakubzala kudzakhala kuchita bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, kaloti ali ndi katundu wodabwitsa: kuyamwa potaziyamu yemweyo ndi phosphorous kuchokera kuzinthu zosungunulira za dothi, chifukwa chake sikofunikira kuwonjezera phulusa lochulukirapo. Zokwanira ndizokwanira - phulusa pawiri pa mita imodzi, lomwe liyenera kukonzedwa pabedi lokhala osadula ndege kapena.
Monga beets, kaloti amakonda dothi labwino lopatsa thanzi lomwe limakhala lopepuka; Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yayitali ya kaloti kokha pamtunda wotere imatha kupereka zochuluka. M'malo okhala dothi lolemera komanso lopepuka, ziribe kanthu kuti ndi athanzi bwanji, mbewu za mizu zidzakhala zazifupi.
Kukonzekera malo komanso kusokonezedwa pang'ono ndi malingaliro
Ndikofunika kwambiri kukonzera dimba m'dzinja, kupanga feteleza ofunikira, ndipo nthawi yophukira ndikungotulutsa dothi ndikuyamba kufesa. Feteleza wabwino kwambiri pafupifupi mbewu iliyonse ya m'munda - ndi kaloti ndizosiyana - ndi mitundu yambiri yazakudya zabwino komanso manyowa abwino. Osati popanda chifukwa m'maiko olankhula Chingerezi pali mawu odabwitsa akuti: "Zomwe wokonda dimba aliyense amakonda kwambiri, zotumphuka ndi kutha kompositi", zomwe zimamasuliridwa bwino ku Russia ngati "kompositi Yabwino ndiye maziko a mbewu." Koma manyowa atsopano a kaloti ndi oletsedwa kotheratu: Mzu wazomera udzaphukira, wopanda thupi komanso wopanda pake.
Kaloti wokonzekera kusungidwaMukugwa, manyowa owola amabalalika pamabedi, pomwe amakonzekera kulima kaloti m'tsogolo, ndikutseka ndikusiya dothi. Zimabweranso ndi kompositi, koma zitha kuyikidwa zambiri. Apa ndipomwe kukonzekera nthaka yophukira kufesa kaloti kumapeto kumatha. Zachidziwikire, ngati pali namsongole osatha, amayeneranso kuchotsedwa mu zitunda. Zotsogola zabwino kwambiri za kaloti ndi mitundu ya anyezi ndi adyo wamitundu yonse, nkhaka ndi zukini; Komanso ngati mbatata ndi yomwe ili patsogolo pake. Palibe vuto kubzala kaloti pambuyo pa beets ndi parsley, makamaka ngati simumabzala kaloti m'malo amodzi zaka zingapo motsatizana. Njira yodzalirana ndi kaloti ndi anyezi kapena adyo ndiyotchuka kwambiri, ndipo ndikulimbikitsani, chifukwa njirayi ikuthandizira polimbana ndi tizirombo tina tonse tomwe tili ndi mbewu.
Kaloti nthawi zambiri amafesedwa masika, koma wamaluwa ena amayesanso kubzala nthawi yachisanu. Kutengera zomwe ndakumana nazo, ndinganene kuti kufesa kumatha kulimbikitsidwa kwa okhala pakati komanso kum'mwera. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mulandire mbewuyo kale kwambiri kuposa momwe kaloti adafesedwera mwanjira yozizira. Madera akumpoto ndi ku Siberia, mchitidwewu umapereka zotsutsana. Kumbali imodzi, zophukira zoyambirira za kaloti zimabereka mbewu kale, zomwe ndizofunikira malinga ndi nyengo yachidule yakumpoto. Komabe, mbande zoyambirira za karoti mu nthawi yayitali ya Siberia zimatha kukhalabe ndi moyo ndipo zimaphukira, koma dzuwa litayamba, chizolowezi chomera cha maluwa chidzawululidwa. Poganizira kuti ngakhale ndikubzala kasupe ndimakonda kulandira kaloti awiri kapena khumi oyambira chaka chimodzi, sindimafesa nthawi yozizira. Komabe, ngati mukufuna, mutha kuyesa njirayi ndikugawana zotsatira.
Kaloti owonongekaNgati mungafune kufesa m'dzinja, ndikofunikira kuchita izi mochedwa kuti isanayambike nyengo ya karoti yozizira musakhale ndi nthawi kuti imere. Njira yabwino ikakhala kufesa mbewu m'nthaka youmitsidwa kale, pomwe mitengo yotsekera mbewu ikuyenera kuchitika pasadakhale ndikuthirira ndi madzi. Nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kukhala ndi dothi lokwanira kapena kompositi kuti mudzaze ma gome, osatola chiputu chowunda pazifukwa izi. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kuphimba bedi (labwino kwambiri ndi mtundu wina wa agrofibre, monga spandbond) ndikusiya mpaka masika.
Ndisanapitirize, ndimalolera ndemanga yaying'ono yokhudza nthawi ya phulusa. Pamadothi olemera, ndibwino kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi ndi kukonzekera zitunda mu kugwa, komanso pazoyala zazingwe zamchenga - kasupe. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu dothi lopepuka, potaziyamu imadziunjikira mwachangu, ndimosavuta kusamba, chifukwa chake imatha kuchotsedwa mu dothi ndikusungunuka madzi, omwe, kumene sitikufunika. Tsopano bweretsani kaloti.
Kubzala ndi malingaliro ena
Kaloti ndi odabwitsa chifukwa mutha kuwabzala ngati nthaka ikulolani kuchita izi, osadikirira kutentha kwambiri. Mbeu za karoti zimayamba kumera pa kutentha kwa madigiri atatu, kotero zimabzalidwe koyambirira pafupifupi kulikonse. Zachidziwikire, ndisanafesere ndizotheka (ndipo ndikanalimbikitsa) kutenthetsa nthaka m'mundamo, ndikuphimba kwa masiku angapo ndikukulunga pulasitiki. Patsiku lodzala mabedi kapena pamwamba pa mabedi timataya ndi madzi ofunda, osakhazikika, ndikufesa mwakachetechete.
Pali njira zambiri zofesa mbewu za karoti, kuwonjezera apo, mitunduyi imakhala chifukwa chakuti mukufuna kubzala kaloti kawirikawiri. Anthu okhala kuchilimwe ndi olima sakonda zovuta zowonjezerazi ndi kupatulira kwa kaloti. M'malingaliro mwanga, yabwino kwambiri ndi mbewu za karoti pa riboni, yoperekedwa mokwanira mumagulitsa ogulitsa mdziko lathu komanso akunja.
Mitengo ya karoti pa tepiOkonda ena pawokha amakonza matepi oterowo, kumamatira mbewu za karoti pamipando yachisanu ya pepala la chimbudzi ndi phala la ufa. Komabe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zodziwika bwino, monga kufesa kaloti wosakanizika ndi mchenga, kugwiritsa ntchito mmera wofesa mbewu zing'onozing'ono, kupopera madzi ndi mbewu m'mundamo, monga momwe agogo athu amachitira, kufesa kaloti mu zakudya ndi zina. Zachidziwikire, musaiwale za kufesa mbewu kwapakatikati, ngati zingatheke, kuziyika kambiri. Njira imeneyi idakali ndi moyo, ndipo ndimayigwiritsanso ntchito. Kwenikweni, ineyo ndimadzala patepi ndipo mwanjira imeneyi, m'magulu ofanana.
Mbande za mbewu zofesedwa monga momwe zimakhalira m'nkhokweMutabzala, mbewu zimakonkhedwa ndi kompositi kapena dothi lakuya masentimita 4 pamapapu, mpaka mpaka masentimita awiri pamiyala yambiri. Zitatha izi, mbewu zimanyowa bwino, kuyesera kuti zisalimbitse kwambiri pamwamba. Njira zabwino zochitira izi ndikuphimba mbewu zatsopano ndi agrofibre, ndikutsatira ndikuthilira pamwamba pake. Madzi amatha kutuluka pang'onopang'ono, kuphatikiza apo, sikufunikira kuchotsedwa: kumapangitsa kuti mbewu zikhale zolimba, zimalola chinyezi ndi kuwala kulowa pansi. Kuthirira pambuyo pake, kumene, kuyeneranso kuchitidwa popanda kuchotsa zakuthupi. Iyenera kuchotsedwa mutamera mbande kapenanso pambuyo pake, mbande zikamakula ndikukula.
Mbeu za karoti zimamera kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa kukula kwa zolepheretsa kukula kwa mbeu mumtundu wamafuta ofunikira. Kwenikweni, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa zinthu zoterezi, kufesa kaloti nthawi yachisanu ndizotheka, zomwe ndidakambirana pang'ono pamwambapa. Samalola kuti mbewuyo idzuke m'mbuyomu kuposa momwe madzi angatsukire mafuta awa, zomwe zimatheka pokhapokha ngati pakuyenda kutentha.
Pamenepa, ndizotheka kuthamangitsa kumera kwa kaloti pomalowetsa nyemba m'madzi ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 40-50 kwa maola angapo. Kusunga kutentha kotere, testmos wamba m'nyumba ndi yangwiro. Kuthira mafuta ofunikira kumathandizira kuwiritsa mbewu za karoti mu vodka kwa mphindi 20, kutsatiridwa ndikumatsuka ndi madzi otentha. Komabe, izi ndizosafunikira, mwa lingaliro langa, zinthu, popeza ndizotheka kufesa mbewu zouma, koma zitatha izi zimafunikira kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso kokwanira. Pakadali pano, kaloti amafuna chinyontho. Zachidziwikire, sikuyenera kukonzekera dambo kuchokera m'makola: kumangofanana, kumakhala kokhazikika komanso kuthirira kambiri.
Kusamalira mbewu
Ndi zikamera za mbande za karoti, zinthu zophimba zingachotsedwe, ngati, kapena kungosiyidwa kwakanthawi. Munthawi imeneyi, kaloti amafunika kuti azikhala udzu mosamala. Mbande za karoti ndizokoma kwambiri, motero muyenera kugwira ntchito mosamala. Ili ndiye gawo logwira ntchito kwambiri paukadaulo wa kaloti, ndipo ngati mwathana nalo, zitha kukhala zosavuta.
Gawo lotsatira ndikuchepera kwa mbewuzo, zikangomera msanga masamba awiri enieni. Komanso, ngati njere zidabzalidwa pa tepi kapena mu ngalande, ndiye kuti njirayi imachepetsedwa, ngati ayi. Koma njira zakale zobzala zimafotokoza zomwe sizingachitike. Ndikofunika kuwonda osang'amba mbande, koma kudula mofooka ndi lumo. Kuthamangitsa oyandikana nawo pamchenga wopepuka kumakhala kowopsa kwambiri: chifukwa dothi lomasuka, kuwonongeka kwa mizu yotsalira pakama kumatha kuchitika, zomwe chifukwa cha izi zitha kukhudza mawonekedwe a mbewu yakucha. Masamba odulidwa samachoka pakama, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amatuluka kuti apewe kuwonongeka kwa mbewu ndi ntchentche ya karoti.
Mphukira zopindika. Kuphatikizika kwa kaloti ndi anyezi.Kuponya, ngati kuli kotheka, kuzibwereza pambuyo pake. Mwambiri, ndikofunikira kukwaniritsa mtunda pakati pa mbewu za pafupifupi masentimita 5-7, ndiye kuti karoti wabwino kwambiri wogulitsa adzakula. Khalani omasuka kuti muchepetse osadandaula.
Pambuyo pa kupatulira, chisamaliro chimakhala kuthilira komanso ngakhale kuthirira, kudulira kwakanthawi ngati kuli kofunikira, ndi kuvala kwapamwamba, ngati pakufunika koteroko, kumayambanso, chifukwa momwe tidakonzera mabedi otsiriza.
Ndizonse, nsonga zitatsekedwa, kudula sikofunikira konse: kungoyambira kuti namsongole amatha kubisa kaloti wofowoka, ndiye kuti ndizopindulitsa.
Kaloti m'mundaPhunziro lofunika: ngati nsonga za mbewu muzu ziyamba kuwonekera pamwamba pa nthaka, ndiye kuti kaloti ayenera kudalilidwa, apo ayi ndiye kuti pamwamba pazayamba kubiriwira ndipo kukoma kwa kaloti kumatha kuwonongeka.
Timatola kaloti kuti tidye ndi mbewu
Kututa kaloti kumachitika bwino patsiku lozizira komanso lotentha, nthawi yomweyo kudula nsonga, kusiya mapesi pafupifupi masentimita angapo. Zowuma, kaloti amachotsedwa bwino pamthunzi pansi pa denga, kuteteza ku dzuwa ndi mphepo. Komabe, musachite mopambanitsa.
Ziloti zokolola zomwe zimatsukidwa kumvulaSungani kaloti m'mabokosi, owazidwa ndi mchenga wowuma, mu firiji ndi ma cellars, mumphika wa dongo (kaloti amayenera kumizidwa mu njirayi ndikuwuma, ndikusungidwa).
Kaloti ndi masamba ena amathawa masiku mvula yamvulaNsonga za kaloti zomwe zatsalira kuti zilandire mbewu zake chaka chamawa zimadulidwa pang'ono, ndipo zimasungidwa mumchenga. Musaiwale kuti mitundu yokhayo yolimbana ndi mbewu ndiyoyenera kupeza njere, ndipo osati hybrids mwanjira iliyonse. Sizingatheke kuchokera ku mbewu zomaliza zomwe zili ndi mitundu yofananira monga iwonso: malinga ndi lamulo lachiwiri la Mendel, genetics yakale imatiuza kuti m'badwo wachiwiri udzalandira cholowa cha makolo a wosakanizira mu gawo la 1: 4 kwa otchulidwa okhazikika komanso otchuka. Zomera zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zitheke mbewu zimabzalidwa mu kasupe mu zitsime nthawi yomweyo ndi kufesa mbewu za karoti. Pakapita kanthawi, zikumera, kenako ambulera, pomwe mbewu zimacha ndi nthawi yophukira. Mwa njira, maambulera a karoti ndi msika wabwino kwambiri wa uchi, ndichifukwa chake amakopa njuchi ndi ma bumblebe kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunika kubzala kaloti wa mbewu pafupi ndi mbewu zomwe zimafunikira mungu, mwachitsanzo, pafupi ndi njuchi mungu wa nkhaka.
- Zhek Volodin - Oyang'anira Bwino Oyang'anira Bwino
