Nidularium ndiye wowala kwambiri pakati pa bromeliads

Pakati pa bromeliad, ndizomera zochepa zomwe zitha kufananizidwa ndi kupyapyala ndi kuphatikiza kwa ma rosette okhala ndi ma nidulariums. Masamba owoneka bwino, okongola, osalala amatengedwa m'miyala yopanda magalasi. Maluwa a Nidularium, komanso kukonza masamba, sikuwoneka mopatsa chidwi kwambiri. Ma inflorescence amagona mu khola lautali pamiyendo italiitali ndipo amakondweretsa ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ngakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu, ma nidulariums amadziwika kuti ndi odalirika modabwitsa, yosavuta komanso yokongola yomwe imatha kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe abwino mkati.

Nidularium ndiye wowala kwambiri pakati pa bromeliads.

Scarlet Scarlet Nidularium wokhala ndi Masamba owoneka bwino

M'banja la Bromeliad, pafupifupi mbewu zonse zimadzala ndi ma brichi owala bwino, zokongoletsera zake zomwe zimaposa maluwa okha. Mu nidularium, mtundu uwu umatchulidwa kwambiri: kufiyira kowoneka bwino, ndikupangitsa inflorescence kuwoneka ngati nyenyezi, zofukizira za bromeliad izi zimawoneka zochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Zomera sizikuwoneka zachilendo ngati zapamwamba pakati pa ma epiphytes, zikugonjetsedwa mogwirizana komanso kukongola kwachilengedwe.

Nidularia ndi ma epiphytes ndi ma bromeliad apadziko lapansi omwe amapanga nkhokwe zokongola, zomwe zimayimiriridwa kwambiri mwachilengedwe m'nkhalango zotentha za Amazonia. Mitundu yambiri imatha kupezeka ku Brazil.

Nidularium adalandira polemekeza makonzedwe apadera a inflorescences omwe amabisala mkati mwa malo ogulitsira - kuchokera ku "chisa" cha Chilatini - "nidus".

Pakati pa ma nidularium pali ma epiphytes ndi mbewu zam'mlengalenga, zonsezo ndizopanda, zodziwika ndi ma rhizomes osazolowereka, osakhazikika, komanso odabwitsa masamba obisika. Pafupifupi, masamba pafupifupi 15 amasonkhanitsidwa mudulidwe wa nidularium, ngakhale pali mbewu zomwe zimapanga iwo mpaka makumi anayi.

Mtundu wobiriwira, womwe umakhala ndi maolivi, maonekedwe a masamba amapangitsa kuti nidularium ikhale yabwino kwambiri. Masamba amakonzedwa mozungulira, amakhala amizere, okonda kapena otambalala lanceolate, mpaka 60 cm kutalika kotalika pafupifupi masentimita 4. Mphepete yowongoka imakhala yofala kwambiri kuposa yolakwika, ndipo m'mphepete kakang'ono kwambiri nthawi zina imaphatikizidwa ndi mano ndi ma spikes. Masamba a nidulariums ndi owuma kwambiri.

Ma nidularium ena amadziwika ndi kuthekanso kukonzanso masamba amkati musanalire. Zingwe zazitali pamasamba sizachilendo.

Zonse, kupatula, ma nidulariums amapanga zovuta kutulutsa inflorescence. Amakhala mozama mu rosette pamtunda wautali mpaka 20 cm, makamaka atagona pamasamba. Mabulogu omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi inflorescence, owala, afupiafupi ndi masamba akulu, amawonekera bwino kutulutsa.

Zomangira zamkati mwa nidularium ndizofupikirapo kuposa zakunja, zomwe zimathandizira kusintha kwa maluwa apamwamba. Pambuyo maluwa, masamba otuwa amasandulika obiriwira. Pafupifupi maluwa 6 aliwonse mumlengalenga nthawi zambiri amakhala osawoneka bwino, ngakhale pali mitundu ina yomwe ili ndi maluwa owoneka bwino (mpaka 7 cm). Mitu ya inflorescence ndi yofiyira, yopanda mipanda, yayikulu, ngakhale si yayikulu.

Nidularium imadziwika ndi nthawi yodabwitsa maluwa.

Zomerazi zimatha kusangalatsa mitu yowala kuyambira kasupe mpaka Disembala, ndikuwonetsa kukana. Nthawi zamaluwa zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera ndi momwe amamangidwira.

Mosiyana ndi ma bromeliad ambiri, nidularium imakula nthawi yayitali ndikupanga mawonekedwe a magulu - makulidwe akunyowa a mbewu zambiri. Amapanga ana ambiri.

Nidularium Innocent (Nidularium innocentii).

Nidularium purpurea (Nidularium aimureum).

Mitundu ya nidulariums yokulira mzipinda

Chomera chodabwitsa m'chilengedwechi chimayimiriridwa ndi mitundu yoposa khumi ndi iwiri yomwe ili yofanana ndi inzake masamba, koma imasiyana mu mtundu wa inflorescence. Muchipinda chachipinda, mitundu yosakwana khumi ya mbewuyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Nidularium Innocent (Nidularium innocentii) - mawonekedwe okongola ndi masamba osiyanasiyana. Masamba mpaka 30 cm mulitali, ali ndi lamba, wokhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wowoneka bwino komanso mikwingwirima yopepuka, yomwe imawoneka mosiyanasiyana. Mphepete mwa serawo imatsindika kachulukidwe ka rosette, pomwe masamba ndi kukhazikika kwamasamba kumapangitsa chomera kuti chiwoneke chowopsa. Masamba achichepere amakhala ofiira. Masamba akumwambamwamba, nsonga zake zimadulidwanso zisanakhale. Maluwa oyera a Nondescript mu spikelet inflorescence amasonkhanitsidwa m'mitu yovuta kubisika pansi pa bracts. Nidularium Innocent blooms kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa dzinja.

Nidularium Magenta (Nidularium aimureum) - Zofanana kwambiri ndi momwe tawonera ndi masamba ochepera mzere, kuteteza kukongoletsa mosasamala kanthu kozungulira kwa maluwa. Masamba amasandulika ofiira osafanana, makamaka mtundu wofiyira wowala amawonekera posachedwa maluwa. Maluwa ndi okongola, omwe ali ndi manda ofiira ndi ma petals, mpaka 5 cm, atasonkhana mu spikelets mu axils zazikulu, zofiirira, zotsekemera kwambiri. Nidularium wachikuda amatha pachimake mu chilimwe ndi chilimwe.

Nidularium wanzeru (Nidularium fulgens) - mitundu yowala kwambiri yamitundu mitundu ya nidulariums. Epiphyte wam'malo otentha komanso otentha amakhala otchuka chifukwa cha masamba ake owoneka bwino. Amakhala ndi utoto wobiriwira, wobiriwira, komanso kutuwa kowoneka bwino komwe kumasunthika kumtunda kwa chinsalu chofiirira komanso chofiirira. Masamba apamwamba amafupikitsidwa pang'ono. Kutulutsa kwamtundu wa nidularium kuyambira Meyi mpaka Disembala, kutengera kukula kwa nyengo ndi kuwunikira.

Nidularium bilberg woboola pakati (Nidularium billbergioides) - Matenda obwera ku Brazil omwe amakula bwino m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Epiphytic kapena semi-epiphytic wokhala ndi maluwa okongola opangidwa ndi masamba 10-16, osalala. Kutalika kwa masamba kuyambira 30 mpaka 50 cm ndi kutalika kwa 4 cm, kumawathandiza kuti azioneka okongola. Ma rosette okhala ndi mawonekedwe ooneka bwino amaoneka bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ndi masamba osongoka.

Mtundu wonyezimira wowoneka bwino umaphatikizidwa ndi m'mphepete mwamtambo wokongola, kutsindika mtundu wa mbewu izi. Mitu yovuta kuimirira 8 masentimita imakhala ya spikelets yachilendo ndi maluwa oyera oyera oyera kapena oyera ofiira, obisika kwathunthu m'matanthwe a mandimu. Pambuyo maluwa, nyenyezi zachikaso za inflorescence zimasanduka zobiriwira. Nidularium yamtunduwu imatha kuphuka mu Meyi, Julayi kapena Disembala, kutengera nyengo ya nyengo yozizira komanso kuyatsa.

Nidularium mkulu (Nidularium procerum) ndi chomera chokongola kwambiri komanso chotchuka. Kutalika mpaka 50-70 masentimita, imapanga kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri, kodabwitsa kotsika, nthawi zina kamakhala ndi masamba opitilira 40. Kutalika, masamba amatha kupitirira 60 cm ndi kutalika kwa mpaka 2,5 masentimita, ali olongosoka m'zilankhulo, okhala ndi malire komanso osamveka kapena nsonga yotsekera, m'mphepete mwachowoneka bwino komanso m'mphepete. Mawonekedwe oyera ndi ophatikizika ndi mtundu wokongola wobiriwira.

Pazovala zazifupi pali mabulangeti okhala ndi mabulangete akulu akulu, mpaka 7 masentimita oyera ndi maluwa oyera amtambo. Nidularium iyi imakonda kuphuka kuposa mitundu ina - mwina mu Epulo kapena mu Ogasiti. Mitundu yokongoletsera Kermezan (kermesianum) imasiyana ndi mitundu yoyambira mumtundu wa masamba owala.

Nidularium Burchella (Nidularium burchellii) ndi mtundu wamtundu wapakatikati mpaka 30cm kutalika, wotsika kuposa abale pamtunda wamasamba. Zilankhulo, zokhala ndi nsonga yakuthwa, kuchokera pa 20 cm mpaka theka la mita, zimasonkhanitsidwa mu rosette yooneka ngati bolodi ndikudabwitsidwa ndi m'mphepete mozungulira ndi ma spikes ooneka bwino ndi mitundu iwiri - yobiriwira kumtunda kwa masamba ndi masamba amdima - kumtunda. Mitengo yofiyira yazifupi imakhala ngati imangokhala pamalo ogulitsira, ovuta kutulutsa ma inflorescence okhala ndi mabulangeti obiriwira obiriwira komanso maluwa. Nidularium yamtunduwu imatha kuphukiranso mwina mu Meyi kapena kumayambiriro kwa dzinja.

Nidularium bilberg-mawonekedwe (Nidularium billbergioides).

High nidularium (Nidularium procerum).

Nidularium Burchella (Nidularium burchellii).

Mikhalidwe yakukulira nyumba zamkati zamkati

Nidulariums amadziwika kuti ndiosavuta kumera mbewu. Ndiwosavuta kusankha momwe angakulire: sizimafuna kutentha pang'ono nthawi yozizira, kapena kuyatsa kowala, amasintha mzipinda zosiyanasiyana ndi malo osiyanasiyana.

Zowunikira ndi kuyikidwa mkati

Mwayi waukulu wa ma Nidulariums kuposa omwe akupikisana nawo wakhala amawaganizira nthawi zonse pazofunikira zawo zowunikira. Chomerachi chimatha kumera mosiyanasiyana, osataya kukongoletsa kwake, choyenera kupanga osati zenera zokha (kupatula mawindo akumpoto), komanso malo mkati mwa mkati.

Chifukwa cha masamba okongola ndi austerity, ma nidulariums amawoneka abwino mu atsikana a maluwa ndi mabokosi a maluwa, mu nyimbo zovuta. Zitha kukhala zobiriwira m'malo osungira masamba, komanso m'maluwa, ndi m'minda ya bromeliads kapena maluwa owonetsera.

Ma Nidulariums amakula bwino pang'ono. Amataya mitundu yawo yokongola powala, sangathe kuyimirira dzuwa lowongoka. Ndipo kuti bromeliad iyi iwonetse bwino kukongola kwake, ndikofunikira kuti musankhe malo mkatikati ndikuyatsa pang'ono. Mthunzi wolimba, nidularium sangathe kukula bwino, digiri yochotsa pawindo imasankhidwa bwino kwambiri molingana ndi chikhalidwe cha mbewuyo, ikuyang'ana kukula ndi kufalikira kwa masamba.

Kuwongolera kuyatsa kwa dzinja kwa bromeliad ndikofunikira. Zowunikira zizikhala zosasinthika (poganizira masiku amdima m'nyengo yozizira), tchire zimasinthidwa kupita pazenera, kugawa malo pazenera lakumwera, ngati zingatheke.

Kutentha ndi mpweya wabwino

Kukula kwa nidulariums kumatha kwathunthu nthawi yozizira. Ndipo panthawiyi amafunika nthawi yopumula. Sikoyenera kupanga zikhalidwe za zotulutsa za mbewuyi: ndikokwanira kuti zitsitse kutentha pang'ono pokha, kuyambira madigiri 18 mpaka 20. Kutentha kovomerezeka chomera ichi ndi madigiri 16, nyengo zotentha ndizovomerezeka kwakanthawi kochepa.

Panthawi yachitukuko, ma nidulariums amamva bwino kutentha kulikonse. Zizindikiro zochepa - kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 20, kutalika - pafupifupi madigiri 26. Pa kutentha, nidulariums amafuna chinyezi chambiri kwambiri.

Ngakhale chodzala komanso mawonekedwe a chomera chomwe chimakhala chosavuta kukula, a nidulariums mosadabwitsa mosazindikira ndi chidwi chawo chokhala ndi mpweya woyipitsidwa komanso kukonzekera. Zomera sizimangovutika, koma zimadwala ndikamakhudzana ndi utsi wa fodya, kukhazikika kukhitchini popanda mpweya wabwino, kapena kuyikidwa m'malo okhala ndi mpweya wabwino.

Fomu ya Nidularium Innocentgasgated.

Kusamalira Nidularium kunyumba

Chovuta kwambiri kusamalira nidularium ndikusunga chinyezi chambiri. Koma popeza njira zosavuta zitha kugawidwira, palibe zovuta zomwe zingachitike pankhaniyi, ngakhale pakati pa olimi osadziwa zambiri.

Kuthirira ndi chinyezi

Monga ma bromeliad ambiri, ma nidulariums samachita bwino ponyowa nthaka. Chomera chimathiriridwa ndikuletsa, kulola gawo lapansi kuti liume pakati pa njirazi. Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa kuyimitsa nthaka. Thirirani chomeracho ndi njira yakale, ndikudzaza phula.

Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, njira yachiwiri yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Makungu a masamba a nidulariums amadzazidwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika, kusungira madzi osasinthika. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewuyo imasinthidwa kuti ichotse madzi akale, gawo lapansi limaphwanyidwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi kumakhala kochepa. Kutentha kotsika madigiri 20, mutha kupopera m'malo mongothirira.

Kwa nidularium, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa okha ndi kutentha kofanana ndi kutentha kwa mpweya kapena kutentha pang'ono.

Ma Nidularium amafunikira chinyezi chambiri. Mtengowo suwonongeka moyandikira kufikira kwa zowongolera mpweya kapena zida zamagetsi, sizimakonda kusintha kwadzidzidzi. Ndizotheka, koma osafunikira, kuwonjezera chinyezi cha nidulariums pakukhazikitsa ma humidifiers. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu ngati izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbeu zikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyimbo kapena magulu okhala ndi ma bromeliad otentha.

Ngati nidulariums wakula mu kupatula kosangalatsa, ndikokwanira kuchita kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika kokha mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe. Ngati mpweya ndi wouma kwambiri nthawi yozizira, ndipo matenthedwe ndi madigiri 20 kapena kupitirira chizindikiro ichi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumabwezeretsedwa ku pulogalamu yachizolowezi yosamalira. Kwa nidularium, makamaka kupopera mankhwalawa mpaka katatu pa tsiku.

Masamba a chomera ayenera kutsukidwa ndi fumbi pogwiritsa ntchito nsalu yonyowa kapena chinkhupule ndikusisita kumtunda, osamala kuti asakhudze m'mphepete mwa njere. Pa chomera ichi, simungagwiritse ntchito zida zowonjezera masamba.

Feteleza ndi kuphatikizira feteleza

Kwa nidulariums, kuvala kwapamwamba kumayikidwa pokhapokha panthawi yogwira ntchito, kuyambira March mpaka September. Kutalika kofananira kwa nthawi imodzi m'masabata 2-3 ndi koyenera kwa mbewu. Chovala chapamwamba chamtengowu chimapangidwa kokha ndi madzi othirira, njira yomwe ikukondweretsani ndikudzaza malo ogulitsira.

Kwa nidularium, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wosavuta padziko lonse kapena kukonzekera kwapadera kwa bromeliads. Mankhwala othandizira omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga bwino ndi othandizira. Chomera chimakonda nitrogen yambiri.

Kwa nidulariums, kuvala kwapamwamba kumayikidwa pokhapokha panthawi yogwira ntchito.

Thirani ndi gawo lapansi

Kuyika kwa bromeliad kumeneku kumachitika pomwe mbewuyo siyikukula kumene (dothi la mu thankiyo latha bwino). Nthawi zambiri nidulariums amazisanjika ndi pafupipafupi 1 nthawi yochepa zaka 2-3.

Kuti izi zitheke, mbewu zimasankha zopatsa thanzi, zosasamala, zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso zapamwamba. Nidularium itha kubzala osati mu dothi lapadera la bromeliads, ngakhale ikhalebe njira yomwe ingakonde. Ngati dothi limasakanizidwa palokha, ndiye kuti limakonzedwa pamaziko a dothi, tsamba lamasamba, humus ndi mchenga pazotsatira za 1: 1: 1: 0.5. Ngakhale mu gawo logulidwa la mbewu iyi, makala amawonjezeredwa.

Kwa ma nidularium, muyenera kusankha zida zazing'onoting'ono. Kuchulukana kwambiri ndi mizu yaying'ono ya chomera pafupifupi nthawi zonse kumabweretsa mavuto komanso kukula, komanso kufalikira kwa zowola. Miphika yayitali osakondera.

Poika ma nidulariums, muyenera kusamalira mosamala chomera ndikuonetsetsa kuti khosi la muzu silamizidwa munthaka. Denga lokwera kwambiri limayikidwa pansi pazotengera (kutalika kokwanira ndi 1/3 ya kutalika kwa thanki).

Matenda, tizirombo ndi mavuto akukula

Kuthirira kwambiri komanso chinyezi ndi kowopsa kwambiri kwa nidularium. Chomera chimafa mwachangu kuchokera ku zowola. Ngati tikulankhula za kuphwanya pang'ono mu chisamaliro, mutha kupukuta gawo lonse lapansi. Ngati vutolo ndi lofunika, dothi lanyowa, limanunkhira zosasangalatsa, pali zizindikiro za chitukuko cha nkhungu, kumuwonjezera mwadzidzidzi ndi chithandizo chowonongeka komanso kuthilira njira yothanirana ndi yankho la fungicides ndikofunikira.

Mwa tizirombo ta pa nidularium, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, nthata za akangaude, ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimapezeka. Kulimbana ndi tizirombo touluka kumatheka pokhapokha pochotsa tizirombo tothandizirana ndikuchotsa tizilombo tosomera.

Mavuto omwe amafala pakukula kwachuma:

• kuyanika kwa masamba pa chinyezi chochepa;
• maonekedwe oyera ngati kuwala kwa dzuwa;
• kupukuta nsonga za masamba mutathilira ndi madzi olimba ndikuwumitsa madzi mu malo ogulitsira;
• kusowa kwa maluwa ponyowa;
• masamba opindika mu mpweya wouma kwambiri;
• waulesi, wotayika turgor masamba pakufalikira;
• kufutukula masamba ndikuthilira madzi nthaka.

Nidularium imafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi kupatukana kosavuta kwa mbewu zakale.

Kufalitsa kwa nidularium

Monga ma bromeliad onse, nidularium imafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi kupatukana kosavuta kwa zinthu zakale zomwe zidapangidwa m'makolon, kudzipatula kwa mwana wamkazi wamkazi wapabanja. Kutulutsa kwa mayi kumatha maluwa, koma ana opangidwayo amakula mwachangu kwambiri.

Mutha kupatula malo okhala ndi masamba osachepera 3-4 ndi mizu yawo. Mutabzala, malinga ndi malamulo ena onse, mwana wamkazi wa nidularium amasunga kutentha, kutentha kwa madigiri 27, pansi pa kapu kapena galasi, pang'onopang'ono kuzolowera zizolowezi zosamalidwa nthawi zonse atayamba kukula.

Ngati mungafune, mutha kukulitsa bromeliad pambewu, koma sizapezeka pamtengo. Mbewu za Nidularium zimakhazikika mu njira ya potaziyamu permanganate. Kubzala kumachitika mu mchenga peat gawo lapansi kapena moss wosweka, pansi pagalasi kapena filimu. Kutentha kwa madigiri 23, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kapena kuponya mpweya, mbande zimabadwa kwa miyezi iwiri mpaka itatu ndikugwedwera m'miyala yayikulu.

Zimasinthidwa kukhala ndi ziwiya zokha pokhapokha zimakhala zolimba, pafupifupi pakatha miyezi 6-8. Nidulariums wamaluwa amafunika kudikirira kuchokera chaka chachinayi.