Popeza mbewu zamkati "zimakhala" mumphika wawung'ono wokhala ndi zoperewera zochepa, zimafunikira kudyetsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino. Kuti maluwa asakhale ndi kuperewera kwa michere, muyenera kusankha michere yovuta, yokhala ndi michere komanso michere yonse.
Malamulo oyambira azakudya chomera
Chimodzi mwazofunikira posamalira mbewu ndikuletsa kuphatikiza umuna munthawi yokhala matalala, ndiko kuti, kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka masika (pali, kupatula, koma ndizosowa). Zomera zimapangidwanso ngati mbewu idadwala kapena tizirombo tina. Musachulukane chomera mutangokokoloka, popeza dothi losankhidwa bwino lili ndi zonse zofunikira.
Pakangodzala, nthawi zambiri zimatenga miyezi itatu, kenako nthaka itayamba kutha ndipo mbewuyo imafunikanso zakudya zina. Mukamagula chomera, ndibwino kuti musapange feteleza kwa nthawi yoyamba, chifukwa mbewu zobzalidwa ndi mafakitale zimakonda kugulitsidwa, chifukwa m'nthaka muli michere yoposa zokwanira ndi zinthu zina. Kudyetsa kumalimbikitsidwa pakatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi.
Pamaso feteleza, mmera uyenera kuthiriridwa madzi mosamala. Palibe chifukwa choti muwonjezere chovala chamadzimadzi pamtunda chouma, popeza chimadzala ndi kuwotcha mizu. Mukathirira, maola 2-3 ayenera kudutsa, ndiye kuti mutha kuthira manyowa, ndipo tikulimbikitsanso kuthilira madzi mutatha kuphatikiza manyowa.
Kudyetsa zakudya zamkati. Malangizo onse
Pamodzi ndi feteleza wamba, yemwe amamuthira dothi, kuvala zovala zapamwamba (kapena tsamba) kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Sikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa kuvala mizu, koma monga njira yowonjezera. Kuchita feteleza wotere kumafunanso njira zofananira, pocheperako zochulukirapo.
Ngati mpweya suunyowa mokwanira, kuwonjezera pa mavalidwe apamwamba opopera, sansani mbewuzo. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa tsiku ndi tsiku, kugwiritsa ntchito foliar kumachitika kamodzi - masiku onse a 5-7, pambuyo pake, pafupifupi tsiku lotsatira, amathiridwa ndi madzi oyera.
Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa michere
Ngati mbewuyo imamera pang'onopang'ono ndipo masamba ake ndi ochepa kwambiri komanso ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, mwina kulibe nayitrogeni wokwanira. Kuthetsa kusowa kwa chinthu ichi, ammonia, potaziyamu, calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea ungagwiritsidwe ntchito feteleza. Ngati m'mphepete mwa masamba mutakhala chikasu ndikugwera patsogolo, kuchepera kwa phosphorous ndikotheka. Ndikotheka kudyetsa mbewuyo mwa kuthira manyowa ndi mwala wosavuta kapena wapawiri wa superphosphate, mwala wa phosphate.
Ngati chiwopsezo champhamvu cha matenda a fungus chikuwonjezereka ku chikasu ndi kutsika, izi zitha kutanthauza kuchepa kwa potaziyamu. Pankhaniyi, mchere wa potaziyamu (40%), potaziyamu mankhwala ena, ndi potaziyamu sulfate amasonyezedwa feteleza. Matenda a fungus ndi zomerazi zopanda nthaka zimatetezekanso. Muzu wofowoka ndi tsinde, kumwalira pafupipafupi masamba achichepere kungatanthauze kuchepa kwa calcium. Izi zimafuna kuvala kwapamwamba ndi calcium nitrate kapena sulphide. Ngati mbewu ilibe magnesium, izi zimangowonekera ngati kukula pang'onopang'ono, kufalikira kwa masamba, komanso kuchelezera maluwa.
Ndi mthunzi wachikaso wowoneka bwino wamasamba a chomera, ndikofunikira kuti muzidyetsa ndi chitsulo, chomwe sulfates kapena chloride chachitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati chomera sichikhala ndi masamba okwanira, chimafunikira kuvala pamwamba ndi manganese sulfate. Chomera chosowa boron sichimamera bwino, chimabala zipatso, nthawi zambiri chimacho chimafa, kufooka kwa mizu kumawonedwa. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuthira feteleza ndi boric acid.
Mtundu wonyezimira, wachikaso, mawanga pamasamba, nsonga zokhotakhota pamaluwa, maluwa okugwa angatanthauze kuchepa kwa molybdenum, womwe ungathetsedwe podyetsa mbewuyo ndi ammonium molybdate. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina kungakhalenso kovulaza. Mwachitsanzo, chomera chimaletsa mkuwa wambiri, chifukwa, pang'onopang'ono chimazirala.
