Dodger (Cuscuta) - amatanthauza mitundu yowopsa ya udzu yomwe imatha kuyambitsa mavuto akulu kuzomera zobzalidwa m'munda. Pomwe mtundu umodzi wokha wa udzu womwe unaphatikizidwa mu banja la Povilikov, masiku ano obereketsa amawerengetsa pafupifupi mitundu 200 ya chakudya. Amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi mbewu zamasamba, mavwende ndi masamba. Mwa zina, udzu ndiwowopsa mbatata, filakisi, zitsamba zokongoletsera ndi mitengo. Dodger imakhala ndi vuto pakubzala kwa mbewu ndikuchepetsa kayendedwe ka metabolic mkati mwa zimakhala, chifukwa chomera chimatha mphamvu ndikufa.
Makhalidwe ndi mafotokozedwe a zakudya
Dodder ndi udzu wapadera wamtundu wake, wopanda masamba ndi mizu ndipo ndi thunthu lalitali lalitali lomwe limazungulira chomera chonse. Mtundu wa zimayambira ukhoza kukhala wachikasu, wofiyira kapena wobiriwira. Mothandizidwa ndi ma suckers achilendo, amadziphatika ku zomerazo zazomera, zimakhudza minofu ndikuyamwa timadziti. Zomera zodwala pafupifupi zimafa. Malinga ndi akatswiri ofufuza zamankhwala, udzuwu umatha kudziwa komwe wakhudzidwa ndi fungo. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono a mbewa ya dodder amapanga mawonekedwe oyera oyera, apinki kapena obiriwira. Pambuyo pakucha, chipatso cha udzu chimawoneka ngati bokosi lambewu yoyipa, chitha kukhalabe ndi mbeu kumera kwanthawi yayitali. Kunja, nthangala za pang'onopang'ono sizingasiyanitsidwe ndi mbewu za mbewu zobyala zake. Pachifukwa ichi, pamakhala chiopsezo chambiri kubzala tizilombo tina.
Njenjalayi imadziwika ndi kukula mwachangu ndipo imatha kukhala m'malo akuluakulu. Mwachitsanzo, nyemba imodzi ya udzu imakhala yokwanira kupanga lesion ndi malo opitilira 6 sikweya mita. Zimayambira ndi kukhathamira kwa turgor mu minofu kwakanthawi kokhazikika pakawonongeka ndipo sikumauma. Udzu wa udzu, momwe zatsala udzu zilipo, zimavunda mwachangu ndipo sizoyenera nyama. Dodger amadziwika kuti ndiwonyamula matenda oyamba ndi ma virus. Muli poizoni wa poizoni, umayambitsa milandu ingapo ya poizoni wa ng'ombe.
Njira zothana ndi kukoka
Momwe mungathanirane ndi beodder
Udindo wofunikira polimbana ndi udzuwu umaseweredwa mwa njira zodzitetezera. Izi zikuphatikiza mbewu zisanabzalidwe, popeza pali chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa ndi tizilombo. Ngati munakwanitsa kupeza udzu m'munda, ndiye yesani kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zomwe zapezeka pafupi ndi malowa. Mbewu zoterezi zingasokoneze mbewuyo, chifukwa chake njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kugula mbewu zapamwamba m'misika yogulitsa katundu m'mundamo ndi m'mundamo.
Komabe, choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda chomera chili m'dothi lodwala, momwe mbewu za majeremusi zimadziunjikira pang'onopang'ono. Kuti muwachotse, muyenera kumangolima malo mpaka pakuya kwa fosholo kuti muchepetse kumera. Pambuyo pakuwoneka mbande yoyamba, udzu ndiwosavuta kuzindikira ndikuwononga. Pakadali pano, mutha kubzala tirigu kapena oats kuti dothi lisakonzedwe bwino. Mu mbewu zotere, nkhomaliro imatha kubereka. Njira ina yolimbikitsira udzu ndikukula zochuluka masaka kapena nthawi yophukira ya nthaka. Dodger amafunikira chakudya ndipo samasinthidwa kuti akule yekha ndi mbewu zina. Pakakhala zopanda chakudya chilichonse pafupi ndi pafupi, udzu umamwalira pakapita nthawi.
Ngati chakudyacho chidasefukira pamalopo, ndiye kuti mbewu zonse zizisungidwa ndi kuwotchedwa. Mwanjira imeneyi ndi pomwe munda ungatetezedwe kuti usagwidwe ndi tizilombo. Osadikirira mpaka udzu udzu. Kumadzulo, oyatsira moto wapadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi kulumikiza minda yamphesa ndi minda. M'dera lathu, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pazifukwa zawo.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuyamwa manyowa m'nthaka ngati feteleza, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito humus. Pakupanga manyowa, udzu umafa.
Mankhwala
Ngati njira zonse zokhudzana ndi njira zothandizira kupewa komanso za agrotechnical sizinayambitse zotsatira zabwino, ndikofunika kuyesa poizoni ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Tsambali, lomwe limayeretsedwa ndi udzu, limathirira madzi ndi yankho la ammonium nitrate ndi ammonium sulfate ndi kuwonjezera kwa mchere wa ethylhexyl. Komabe, taganizirani mfundo yoti mbewu zina zitha kufa limodzi ndi tizilombo. Tsoka ilo, ma fungicides ena, mwachitsanzo, sulfate yamkuwa, parafini kapena sulfureic acid, sangathe kupirira.
Ma herbicides amatha kuthana ndi mphukira zazing'ono zokha. Pambuyo maluwa, udzu umawonjezera kukana kwa mankhwala. Chofunikira ndichakuti chithandizo chamankhwala a herbicidal chiyenera kuchitika pambuyo kuthirira kapena mvula. Izi zikuthandizira kufinya kwa poizoni.
Reitar, Zenkor Liquid kapena Gezagard nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala omwe amalimbana ndi dodger parasitizing pa zipatso ndi masamba azomera. Kaloti amakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito Reitar ndi Stomp, otengedwa chimodzimodzi. Njira yabwino yothandizira namsongole wamtunduwu ndizokonzekera kwachilendo, mwachitsanzo, Titus ndi Targa. Mulimonsemo, kuti mbewuzo zithetsedwe bwino ndi kumasula malowo, ndibwino kuyang'ana njira yophatikizira yothetsa vutoli, pomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi agrotechnical.
Njira ndi maphikidwe a Folk sangathe kuthana ndi kukodola, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuwononga nthawi, koma gwiritsani ntchito njira zolimbika.
Mitundu ya chakudya
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za maudzu omwe amatchulidwa kuti ndi:
- Zakudya zam'munda - ndi udzu wokhala ndi maluwa oyera ndi mizu yayitali yachikasu yomwe imakhudza gawo la mbewu. Mtunduwu umatha kubala zipatso kwambiri ndipo umayambitsa kuvulaza nyemba ndi mavwende, komanso mbewu za muzu ndi udzu wosaopsa.
- Alfalfa - Chimawoneka ngati mawonekedwe olimba a glomeruli ophatikizika ndi zopindika zoonda zautoto kapena mtundu wachikasu, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owuluka. Maluwa ndi ochepa; mabulangeti mawonekedwe. Udzu umadyera pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya herbaceous.
- Clover - masamba ake ndi ofiira ndipo amafanana ndi tsango la womverera. Udzu utayamba maluwa, mbewuyo imayambukiridwamo kwathunthu. Maluwa ndi oyera kapena ofiira. Mwa mbewu zomwe udzu nthawi zambiri umabweretsa, mbatata, fulakesi, beets, nyemba ndi clover zimayamba.
- Zoyimbidwa - imadziwika pakati pa mitundu ina ya udzu uwu ndi mphukira zobiriwira zomwe zimakhala ndi kukula kwake. Maluwa ndi achikasu; njere imodzi kapena iwiri imakhala m'bokosi la mbewu. Choopsa chachikulu cha dodger iyi ndi beets, mbewu zamafakitale ndi maudzu ena.
- Chiyembekezo - mapesi ndi owoneka ngati chingwe, wopaka utoto wofiirira kapena wodera. Makulidwe awo amasinthasintha pafupifupi 3 mm. Maluwa ndi pinki. Amapanga manja owirikiza omwe amakula mpaka 2,5 cm. Tizilombo timeneti timadya msuzi wa mitengo yazipatso yokongola komanso zitsamba zopezeka m'mundamo.
- Zakudya zaku Europe - chowopsa ku mbewu za fodya, clover, komanso tchire la currant ndi lilac. Zomangira zamkaka izi ndizochepa thupi, zimakhala ndimtambo wofiyira. Maluwa oyera kapena ofiira amatenga timipira tating'ono, tomwe timakhala tating'ono pafupifupi 1.5 cm.
- Kholamu Limodzi - ali ndi mphukira wolimba wosapitilira 2 mamilimita m'chigawocho. Maluwa amasonkhana ngati mawonekedwe a fluffy spikelets. Udzu umadyera pamtundu wa mitengo ndi zitsamba zamitundu yambiri, mwachitsanzo, mphesa, thonje, beets, mpendadzuwa, ukonde ndi swans.
- Thyme - imayambitsa chiwopsezo cha fulakesi, clover, nyemba, chitsamba, mbatata, komanso namsongole wina. Thumba lomwe limakhala ndi masamba ofiira kapena achikasu owoneka bwino limaphimba mbewu pamunsi, ndikuphimba ndi wosanjikiza wosadukiza. Maluwa oyera ofiira okhala ndi pinki yoyera amakhala ndi ma tulo tating'ono.
