Astra kwa ambiri ndi maluwa omwe amakonda kwambiri nthawi yophukira. Koma olima ena amadandaula: Mbande zikuyenera kubzalidwa kuyambira pakati pa Marichi, kenako pamakhala mavuto ambiri akamakula. M'malo mwake, chikhalidwe ichi sichovuta, muyenera kungodziwa zoyipa zake.
Zamoyo zazikuluzomera ndizomera zambiri, zomwe zimaphuka kwambiri padzuwa. Amakula bwino pamadothi onyowa okwanira, koma amalola kuti pakhale chilala chochepa komanso kuthirira kwamadzi. Amatha kumera panthaka iliyonse, koma loam wopepuka komanso loya wamchenga amawakonda kwambiri.
Munda wa Astra (Aster)Aster amakhala ndi mizu yamphamvu, mizu yambiri imakhala m'nthaka yakuya masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Mizu yowonongeka mukabzala kapena kumasula imatha kubwezeretsedwanso, kotero kuti ma asters angabzalidwe pamtundu uliwonse ndikupatsirana bwino ngakhale ndi masamba ndi maluwa. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, asters amasinthidwa ndi chilimwe chinazilala mukakongoletsa mabedi amaluwa, makonde, amawayika mumiphika kuti azikongoletsa malo.
Mukugwa, chiwembu cha asters chimakhala ndi organic (humus, peat complements - 4-6 kg / m2 iliyonse, non-acid peat -10 kg / m2) ndi mineral (phosphorite ufa, superphosphate - 80-100 g / m2) feteleza. Ngati dothi ndi acidic, onjezani miyala ya laimu, choko kapena laimu wa fluffy (80-100 g / m2). Nitrogen ndi potaziyamu feteleza amamugwiritsa ntchito masika mvula itasungunuka.
Nthawi zambiri, asters amakula kudzera mbande. Nthawi yoyenera kubzala pakati Russia ndi kuyambira pa Marichi 15 mpaka Epulo 15. Nthaka yofesedwa imawerengeredwa mu uvuni kapena masiku angapo isanakhetsedwe ndi yankho la msingi (1 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre). Izi zikuthandizani kuti mudziteteze ku miyendo yakuda. Ngati pali mitundu yambiri, ndibwino kubzala m'mipanda ndikuyika zolemba mayina. Kenako njerezo zimakutidwa ndi nyemba kapena dothi lopukutira ndi 0,5-1 masentimita, lonyowetsedwa kuchokera kuthilira ndi chocheperako kapena kuchokera ku botolo la utsi. Pambuyo pake, zomata kapena zikho zimakutidwa ndi pepala. Kutentha kwa 18-20 ° mphukira kumawonekera patatha masiku atatu kapena asanu ndi awiri, ndiye kuti pobisalira amachotsedwa.
Munda wa Astra (Aster)Zomera zokhala ndi mphukira zimayikidwa pafupi ndi kuwala momwe zingatheke. Ngati mbande yatambalala ndikugona, mutha kuthira mchenga wowerengeka.
Zomera zimadyetsedwa patadutsa masiku 7-10 patadutsa (urea, crystallin - 1-1,5 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre). Masabata awiri kapena atatu asanabzalidwe m'nthaka, mbande zimayamba kuuma, pang'onopang'ono kuzolowera mpweya wabwino. Mbande zolimba zimatha kupirira kuzizira kwakanthawi kochepa mpaka 5 °.
Mbeu zobzalidwa m'mabedi a maluwa mu theka lachiwiri la Meyi. Mutabzala, mbewu zimamwe madzi ambiri ndikuwazika ndi peat. Mulch uyu amasunga chinyontho m'nthaka, amasintha kutentha kwake ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole.
Kubzala ndikofunikira pakatha milungu itatu kudyetsa feteleza wophatikiza wa mchere (40-50 g / m2). Ndipo pakatha milungu iwiri, kuvala pamwamba kumabwerezedwa. Panthawi yamaluwa ndi chiyambi chamaluwa, feteleza ndi phosphorous yekha (25-30 g / m2) zimayambitsidwa, ndipo nayitrogeni sawerengedwa. Mavalidwe apamwamba nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi kuthirira.
Dothi lozungulira nthawi zambiri limasulidwa, koma osati lakuya, namsongole amachotsedwa nthawi zonse. Asters amathiridwa madzi mchilala chokha.
Munda wa Astra (Aster)Vuto lalikulu kwa asters ndi Fusarium wilt, kapena Fusarium. Matendawa amadziwonekera makamaka pamasamba otsika komanso mbali yotsika, pang'onopang'ono kufalikira ku chomera chonse. Masamba omwe akukhudzidwa amatembenukira chikasu poyamba, kenako amasintha bulauni, kupindika ndi kupindika. Pakhosi pamizu ndi pamwambapa, mikwingwirima yakuda yakuda imawoneka. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri zimagwidwa kenako. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimakumbidwa ndikuwonongeka, ndipo phulusa kapena laimu wopukutira umathiridwa muzitsime, kusakanizika ndi nthaka ndikufanana. Zomera zazing'ono sizimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Fusarium, nthawi zambiri matendawa amadziwonetsa lokha kutulutsa kapena maluwa a asters. Tsoka ilo, njira zothanirana ndi matendawa sizikudziwika ndipo palibe mitundu yomwe imatsutsana kwathunthu ndi matendawa. Komabe, wamaluwa amateur ayenera kudziwa njira zina zodzitchinjiriza zomwe zingathandize kuthetsa mliriwo.
Choyamba, asters amabwerera kwawo pomwe atatha zaka zinayi mpaka zisanu, popeza bowa yemwe amachititsa matendawa amakhala m'nthaka nthawi yayitali. Ngati chiwembuchi chili chaching'ono ndipo palibe mwayi wowerengetsa mbewu, ndiye kuti m'malo omwe aster akukonzekera kubzala chaka chamawa, chaka chino amabzala calendula, nasturtium, kapena kubzala mbande za petunias kapena marigolds omwe amachiritsa dothi ndikupanga mosasinthika.
Musanadzalemo asters, onjezani humus kapena kompositi panthaka, koma osati manyowa atsopano, omwe amangopangitsa matendawa.
Kulowetsa mbewu musanafesere mu njira ya 0,03% ya kufufuza zinthu kwa maola 14-18 ndi kuvala zovala zapamwamba nthawi yamaluwa kumathandizanso kuteteza mbewu ku matenda a Fusarium. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchokera ku kufufuza zinthu, maluwa amakhala owala bwino.
Munda wa Astra (Aster)Zomera zobzala pofesa mbeu m'nthaka (koyambirira kwa Meyi) nthawi yomweyo mpaka malo osatha zimagonjetsedwa ndi matendawa. Potere, ndi mitundu yoyambirira yamaluwa yokha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pali chinyengo chaching'ono chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wochita chidwi ndi maluwa omwe amatulutsa maluwa kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Disembala. Mbewu zofesedwa pakati pa Juni ndipo mbewu zimakula, mwachizolowezi, mpaka pakati pa Seputembala. Kenako ma asters amawasanja mosamala mumiphika ndi mainchesi a 10-15 masentimita ndikuyikidwa pazenera lopepuka kwambiri m'chipindacho. Mitundu yotsika pang'ono ndiyabwino kwambiri izi.
Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito:
- E. Sytov, woyimira masayansi a zaulimi, VNIISSOK, dera la Moscow
- V.Kozhevnikov, Wowongolera Stavropol Botanical Garden
