Kumene ndi momwe nandolo amakulira ku Russia: malangizo ndi zithunzi

Mutha kukumana ndi mtedza m'matawuni okhala ndi nthawi yozizira, osati nthawi zambiri. Chomera cham pachaka chimatsimikizika ndipo chimapanga maluwa achikasu pa maluwa. Nthawi zambiri, woimira banja lankhondo amapezeka ku South America, komwe ndi kwawo.

Mukukonzekera kukulitsa mtedza amapanga nthambi yanthambi. Popeza maluwa a mbewuyi amakhala tsiku limodzi lokha, nthawi zina amafa popanda fumbi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti maluwa ataloledwa kulowa dothi, chifukwa popanda izi mapangidwe a mwana wosabadwayo sangayambe. Ngati maluwa sakanakhoza kulowa mu dothi, ndiye kuti pakapita nthawi amafa.

Nandolo ndi chimodzi mwazomera zotchuka zomwe kukoma kwake sikukondedwa ndi ana okha, komanso ndi akulu. Mankhuli amatha kudyedwa osaphika kapena kukonzedwa. Pomaliza, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera pazakudya zingapo. Chikhalidwe ichi ndi chofunikira muzakudya zake zopatsa thanzi komanso zopindulitsa. Choyamba, ndikofunika kulabadira zamasamba awa kwa anthu omwe akuyesera kuti azikhala ndi mawonekedwe ochepa, chifukwa akadyedwa, kumverera kwodzaza kumabwera mwachangu.

Minda yayikulu kwambiri ya nandolo M'mayiko otentha. Komabe, mutha kupeza chomera cha mbewuyi mwanyengo yathu. Ngakhale ambiri aife tamva za mtedza ndikulawa, sikuti aliyense akuganiza zokakulitsa m'nyumba yawoyo.

Zambiri za mtedza ndi mitundu yake

Popeza kwawo kwa chomera ndi kotentha, iko kumamera bwino kutentha 20 mpaka 27 digiri.

Ambiri mwina adamvanso dzina lina la chomera - mtedza. Zidayamba chifukwa izi ndizomwe chimvano chimatchedwa mukumasulira kuchokera m'zilankhulo zina.

Komabe, palinso chifukwa china chomveka, chofotokozera chifukwa chake nandolo amatchedwa motero. Dzinalo "peanut" likuwonetsa mbali zake za kulima. Apanso, kumbukirani kuti pambuyo pakupukutira, maluwa ayenera kukhala pansi, momwe mapangidwe a nthawi yayitali ndikuyamba kwake kumayambira. Ndi mobisa kuti chipatso chimacha - mtedza. Izi zidapangitsa kuti peanthi amatchedwanso kuti nandolo, ngakhale sizili.

Ubwino wa nandolo

Anthu ambiri amakonda mtedza osati chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo kosangalatsa, komanso zopindulitsa zake. Monga gawo la nyemba za mbewuyi mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya zimapezekakuti thupi laumunthu limafunikira kwambiri. Batala yamankhwala nawonso ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali, popeza ndi asidi wambiri. Phindu la thupi la chinthuchi limachitika chifukwa chake limatchedwa anti-sclerotic. Batala ya peanut ilinso ndi Vitamini E komanso mavitamini ambiri a B, omwe ambiri amadziwa phindu.

Komabe, nandolo samangokhala ndi mtedza ndi batala. Ndiwo zopangira popangira batala wokoma wa nandolo. Imasinthira batala wokhazikika, yemwe amatha kufalitsa mkate. Pali maphikidwe ambiri pomwe batala la peanut lili m'gulu la zosakaniza zazikulu. Anthu omwe amadwala chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri amaphatikizanso muzakudya zawo. Peanut batala ili ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri ngati nyama, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira. Folic acid ilipo pakapangidwe kake, popanda zomwe kukonzanso maselo a thupi sikungatheke.

Mitundu ya nandolo

Mapeyala amaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 700 yosiyanasiyanaKomabe, ambiri a iwo amapangidwira kuti azilimidwa kokha nyengo yotentha yaku South America. Komabe, pali mitundu ina pakati pawo yomwe imatha kulimidwa m'malo otentha.

Zomwe zili ponseponse ndi mitundu monga Runner, Virginia, Spanish ndi Valencia. Kuyambira nyemba zawo zimamera, zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.

Palinso mitundu, mutakula yomwe imapanga mphukira kapena michere. Poyamba, tchire ndi lalitali. Tchire la peanut lomwe limapanga mphukira pakukula kwake ndilochepa kutalika ndipo nthawi zambiri kufalikira pansi.

• Spanish. Izi zimapangidwa kuti zikalimbe ku South komanso pang'ono North America. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina chifukwa nyemba zake zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri. M'mapangidwe amtunduwu, ma subspecies odziimira pawokha amalekanitsidwa: Spanish2V, Dixie, Natal, etc.
• Wothamanga. Mtunduwu, womwe umalimidwa ku North America, umakhala ndi zipatso zambiri. Zimapangitsa nyemba kukhala ndi kakomedwe kabwino komanso kosavuta kukonzekera. Chifukwa chake, sizosadabwitsa kuti mitundu iyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zopangira popanga batala la pean lomwe limalowa m'misika ya US. Mwa izi, ma subspecies amtunduwu amatha kusiyanitsidwa: Ranner56-15, Virginia Bunch67, Georgia Green, ndi ena.
• Virginia Mabasi amtunduwu amapanga zipatso zazikulu, zomwe ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa confectioners. Masamba akuluakulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana iyi: Virginia-C92R, Wilson, Gull, etc.
• Valencia Izi zimasiyana ndi masamba ena akulu akulu. Nyemba zilinso zazikulu. Zosiyanasiyana zimapangidwa kuti zikalimbe ku USA ndi Mexico. Mutha kudya zipatso za chipondichi mutatha kukonza - kuphika. Poto imodzi imakhala ndi nyemba zitatu zomwe zimapangidwa bwino.

Kukula mtedza kunyumba ndi nyumba zobiriwira

Njira imodzi yodziwika bwino yopangira mtedza ndi kufesa mbewu.

• Kulowera kumachitika koyamba: mbewu zimayikidwa mu yankho la epin. Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, ndiye kuti m'mawa nyemba zimatsegula pang'ono, ndizotheka kusiyanitsa ndi muzu.
• Kuti pakhale malo abwino ophukira mtedza, ndikofunikira kukonzekera dothi losakaniza komwe humus ndi mchenga amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza ndi dimba lakudimba. Nthanga zimakula bwino pamadothi osasunthika pomwe madzi samayenda.
• Kuyembekezera kumera kwa mbeu, iwo amabzalidwa mumiyeso. Mbewu zikamera pang'ono, zimasinthidwa kukhala malo okhazikika.
• Pokukula mbande, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zazikulu. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mphukira sizigonja pakakula.
• Ngati mungapange nyengo yabwino kuti zipatso za mtedza zikule, ndiye kuti simudzadikira kuti duwa liziwonekera. Mawonekedwe, sizosiyana ndi nthito zina, ndipo mtundu wake wamtundu wa lalanje.
• Nandolo zikafota, zipatso zimayamba kupanga. Popita nthawi, nthambi yokhala ndi zipatso imakula kwambiri ndikutsika pansi. Pambuyo pake, nyemba yaying'onoyo igwera m'nthaka, pomwe imapitilira kusasitsa.

Ngati chidebe chapafupi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati timiyendo, ndiye kuti kupitilira nthawi, izi zitha kubweretsa imfa yake.

Chifukwaonda ndichikhalidwe cha pachaka, pakutha maluwa ake, chitsamba chija chikukula. Kuyambira pano, mbewuyi imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zonse pakupanga zipatso. Nandolo amayankha bwino kuwala kokwanira, chifukwa chake mfundoyi iyenera kuganiziridwa posankha malo oti abzalire. Kupanda kuyatsa kumayambitsa kuchepa kukula, chifukwa, maluwa ake amasintha, nthawi zina simungathe kudikirira chipatso. Zojambula ndizosasangalatsa makamaka pakukula kwake. Pakulima mtedza, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuthilira nthawi zonse.

Kututa. Ngati zizindikilo zonse zikuwonetsa kuti gawo lakuthengo silikukulanso, ndiye kuti zipatso zake zapsa ndipo nthawi yakutola. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukumba chitsamba kuchokera pansi ndikuyang'ana mizu yake bwino. Nthawi zambiri pozungulira iwo pamakhala zipatso zingapo, ndipo nyemba iliyonse imakutidwa ndi chipolopolo.

Zowononga nthawi ndikukula zipatso za mtedza mu wowonjezera kutentha. Pankhaniyi, malo abwino kwambiri amapangidwira njere, koma muyenera kutchera khutu ku zomwe mitengo ya peanu izikhala pafupi nayo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale pafupi ndi tomato.

Ndikofunika kubzala mtedza pafupi ndigalasi momwe mungathere. Popeza tomato ndi mbewu zokumbika, sizipanga mthunzi wa mbande za chinangwa. Nyemba Zokha Zimapindulitsa Tomato chifukwa azipereka nitrogen yowonjezera. Komabe, mutabzala, sikulimbikitsidwa kuyika tomato kwambiri.

Ngati nandolo akukula mu wowonjezera kutentha limodzi ndi tomato, ndiye kuti simuyenera kuchita zomwe amakonda. Mutha kudziwa zochepa zomwe mungachite mu Julayi. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, mutha kusankha tsiku kuti mukolole.

Kukula mtedza m'mabedi

Ngati mukubzala mitengo ya nandolo m'mundamo, muyenera kupeza malo ake abwino. Mapeyala amakula bwino pamalo abwino. Muyenera kusamaliranso mtundu wa dothi, chifukwa izi zimakhudzanso mtundu wa nyemba.

Pofikira gwiritsani nyemba kapena zidutswa zake. Kukula mtedza m'munda, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwanjira zotsatirazi:

• Tsegulani. Kufesa mbewu kumayamba masabata oyambilira a mvula, nyengo ikakhala yotentha. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mufikire nthawi yomwe kutentha kwa mpweya kudzasungidwe mkati mwa 12-15 degrees. Pa bedi amakumba mabowo mu cheke cheke pama mizere ingapo. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kusamalira zofunikira zake: kuya kwa maenje - 10 cm, mtunda pakati pa mbewu - 50 cm. Mukabzala, nyemba zitatu ziyenera kuyikidwa mu dzenje lirilonse. Mutabzala, kunyowetsa nthaka sikofunikira. Nthawi zambiri, zipatso za mtedza zisanafike, muyenera kudikira pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Chitsamba chachikulire chimakula mpaka 25c- 25 cm;
• Kukula mbande ndikubzala mu nthaka. Mwa njirayi, zida zodzazidwa ndi zosakaniza dothi lotayirira zidzafunika. Kubzala mbewu mwa iwo ikuchitika kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Pitilirani kubzala pawindo. Pofika nyengo yachilimwe, pomwe zipatso zomaliza zadutsa, mbande zachikale zimasinthidwa kukhala malo okhazikika. Mukabzala, mbande imayenera kukonzedwa m'mizere, kutsatira motere: mtunda pakati pa mbewu ndi 15-20 cm, pakati pa mizere - 60 cm.

Pomaliza

Mapeyala ndi amodzi mwazikhalidwe zotchuka zomwe pafupifupi tonsefe timazidziwa. Anthu ambiri amakonda chomera ichi, osati monga chodziimira payekha, komanso ngati gawo la zinthu zosiyanasiyana, choyambirira, confectionery. Chifukwa chokonda kwambiri iye, mafani nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chidwi chobzala zipatso za mtedza pamalo awo. Iyi si ntchito yovuta, chifukwa lero pali mitundu yambiri yopangidwa kuti itenthe. Komabe, izi sizitanthauza kuti mmera suyenera kusamalidwa.

Mutha kungotuta zabwino zokha. kutengera agrotechnics olima. Izi zikugwira ntchito makamaka kwa nandolo, popeza ma subtropics ndi kwawo, motero muyenera kulabadira kuti mukhalebe kutentha kwambiri.