Actinidia amatanthauza mbewu za lianoid, zokhala ndi mtengo wamphamvu ngati tsinde ndi masamba ambiri. Mwa mitundu yonse, ndi colomiktin actinidia yomwe ndi yofala, kubzala ndi kusamalira komwe kuli koyenera ku dera la Moscow komanso kumpoto kwa Russia. Mtengowu umadziwikanso kuti mphesa wakumpoto, womwe udalandira chifukwa cha kufananako kwa zipatsozo ndi mphesa. Samakula kuti azingopeza zipatso zokha, komanso ngati chomera chokongoletsera.
Zambiri za actinidia colomict
Mitundu yodziwika ya Actinidia imalekerera nyengo yozizira. Ndi mtundu wa actinidia colomict womwe umatsogolera kukana chisanu. Imatha kupirira kutentha mpaka-35 digiri. Chifukwa chake, kudziwa momwe kubzala ndi kusamalira colomict actinidia kumachitikira ku Urals, komanso ku Siberia, ndikofunikira kwa eni nyumba zanyumba omwe akufuna kulima chomera chosawoneka bwino pamalo awo. Zomera zikasokonekera ndi masika a masika, zimakhazikika msanga, zimamasula masamba kuti agone.
Kugonana kwa Actinidia sikusintha munthawi yonse yakukula. Kuti mupeze zokolola zapamwamba komanso zolemera, tikulimbikitsidwa kusunga mizu ya akazi 5 ndi mizu iwiri ya amuna pamalo amodzi.
Actinidia colomict, amene zipatso zake zili ndi ascorbic acid, ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu. 100 g ya zipatso imaposa 1 chikwi cha mavitamini awa. Kuti mupeze vitamini C tsiku lililonse, ingodya zipatso ziwiri za actinidia. Izi zimachitika kuti kwa chaka chimodzi munthu amangofunika ma 1.5 kg a zipatso.
M'mawu olima omwe alimiwo, zidadziwika kuti mbewuyi siyikhudzidwa ndi tizirombo, amangoilambalala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizidzawononga ndalama zina pomenya nkhondo.
Actinidia colomicta, mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana:
- Chomera chobisika chokhala ndi thunthu lophulika, chokhoza kupendekera thandizo mpaka 8 m.
- Kutalika kwa moyo kumafika zaka 30.
- Nthawi ya maluwa yachedwa - pakati pa Juni. Kutentha kwa maluwa abwinobwino sikuyenera kutsika kuposa madigiri 0. Maluwa oyamba amawonekera pazaka 4-5 zokha zamoyo. Zofanizira zazimuna zimakhala ndi maluwa okongoletsedwa, ndipo maluwa achikazi amakhalanso ndi pestle yayikulu.
- Kukucha kumachitika mu Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Zipatso zakupsa zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofewa komanso osalala. Zokolola zochokera pachitsamba chimodzi ndi pafupifupi 1-2 kg.
- Kukomerako kumakhala kokoma komanso wowawasa kapena wokoma, wokhala ndi kununkhira kwa chinanazi.
Kusankha kwampando
Musanasankhe malo obzala Actinidia colomict, ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire zinthu zazikuluzikulu:
- ma liana amatambasamba nthawi zonse, ena amafika mpaka mita 8;
- Mizu ya mbewu ili pafupi ndi pamwamba.
Kutengera izi, muyenera kusankha malo okukula. Pazifukwa izi, madera osinthika pang'ono ndi abwino, momwe mungakhalire malo ambiri oti mbewuyo ikule. M'malo abwino, mphukira zam'mbali zingapo zimakhazikikapo. Actinidia sakonda dothi louma kwambiri, kotero kuthirira kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala.
Njira yabwino ndiyakuti mubzale actinidia m'mipanda kapena pafupi ndi nyumba zilizonse. Pankhaniyi, simudzalandira zipatso zathanzi, komanso mudzapeza chomera chokongoletsera mpanda. Chokhacho choyenera kuganizira ndi malo omwe mukukokerako, chifukwa chomera sichimalola kulowetsa madzi, monga dothi louma.
Kubzala mitengo ya actinidia pafupi ndi mitengo ya m'munda sikwabwino, chifukwa kungodzitseka. Mtunda wocheperako pakati pa mtengo ndi mitengo uyenera kukhala pafupifupi 6-7 mamita.
Zofunikira zadothi
Actinidia amakula bwino panthaka yokhala ndi zinthu zochepa monga nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous. Komabe, ndibwino kusiya kulimidwa kwa mitengo ya mpesa pamtundu wamchere, mtunduwu ndiosayenera kwenikweni. Njira yabwii ndi dothi acidic kapena pang'ono acidic, mwina osalowererapo. Kapangidwe ka dothi kayenera kukhala kotayirira, koma osati mchenga. Dothi la Clay ndilonso silabwino pakukula kwa mbewuyi.
M'malo okhala ndi madzi apansi panthaka, osavomerezeka chifukwa chodzala actinidia, chifukwa chinyezi chambiri chimatha kuvulaza.
Kubzala Actinidia colomicta
Mitundu ya Actinidia colomicta ku Siberia ndiyotchuka kwambiri. Kubzala kutha kuchitika mu nthawi ya masika ndi yophukira, itatha zipatso kapena isanachitike.
Dzenje (50 * 50 * 50) lakonzedwa kubzala Actinidia, ndikuyikiratu poyikiratu. Kwa iye, ndichizolowezi kugwiritsa ntchito miyala, miyala yosemedwa kapena njerwa yosweka. Wosanjikiza wotere ayenera kukhala wosachepera 10. Pambuyo pake, nthaka yamunda imakutidwa ndi zigawo za humus zouma.
Ngati malowo akadali dothi lolemera, mchenga umawonjezeredwa ndi dothi lokwanira. Phulusa (1 makilogalamu), superphosphate (0,2 kg) ndi potaziyamu sulfate (0,1 kg) amathanso kuwonjezeredwa kumunda wamaluwa.
Kudzaza dzenjelo ndi dothi, timayala tating'onoting'ono timakhazikitsa pakatikati pake, pomwe mmera wa actinidia umayikidwa. Kuti mizu yaying'ono ikale ndipo singagwidwe ndi tizirombo, imviikidwa mu dothi la dothi musanadzalemo.
Pamapeto kubzala, mmera umathiriridwa (pamlingo wa zidebe ziwiri pa chitsamba chimodzi.), Ndipo nthaka yozungulira yazungulira. Khosi la mizu liyenera kuzimiririka ndi nthaka.
Bowo kuzungulira chitsamba siliyenera kuchita kupatula kusakanikirana kwa madzi amvula momwemo.
Kusamalira Actinidia colomicta
Kupangitsa kuti zipatso zikhale zokongola komanso zofunika kupanga bwino, ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino.
Actinidia colomicta, chisamaliro ndi magawo ake akuluakulu:
- Kutsirira kumachitika pafupipafupi, koma popanda mapangidwe a madzi osayenda. Ndikofunikira nthawi zonse kusungitsa chinyezi m'nthaka, popeza mizu ya chomera ndilosazama. Kuti mbeewe ikhale bwino pamtengowo, pamafunika mpweya wonyowa, nthawi yotentha, tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera masamba ndi madzi, makamaka kawiri patsiku, m'mawa ndi madzulo.
- Zakudya zam'madzi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Chifukwa chaichi, kulowetsedwa kwa mullein kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi m'chigawo cha 1:10 kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya feteleza wa mchere.
- Kuti dothi lisaphwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulchike, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pochita izi. Njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza kwambiri ndikuti mudzaze pansi ndi utuchi.
- Colomict actinidiaya osiyanasiyana, kubzala ndi kusamalira nkhondoyi komanso Siberia imaperekanso malo ake ogona nyengo yachisanu.
Kuchepetsa Actinidia ndi chifukwa chake kumafunikira
Kudulira mbewu kumachitika mutangokolola maluwa kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, masamba onse atagwa. Chapakatikati, munthawi yamasamba, kudulira sikulimbikitsidwa, popeza mmera ungafooke kapena kufa kwathunthu chifukwa cha kutaya kwa madzi. Kudulira Actinidia kumaphatikizapo kupukusa chomera, komanso kudulira nthambi zofowoka ndi zouma.
Mapangidwe a Actinidia colomicta
Kulima kwa actinidia colomicta ndikusamalira kumatanthauzanso kuumba kwake, komwe kumadalira dera lomwe limakulirako, malo obzala komanso mtundu wa trellis.
Pakatikati pa msewu, actinidia amakula ngati chitsamba chomwe chili pa trellis mwa kupanga fan. Kwa izi, nthambi zazikulu za 3-4, zotsogola zimasankhidwa, zomwe zikhale manja a fan. Mu nthawi yophukira, masamba akagwa, pamwamba amapendekeka pamlingo wa mpesa wolimba, chifukwa chomwe nthambi zamtsogolo zimaphukira chaka chamawa. Popeza adasankha zamphamvu kwambiri kuchokera kumphezi izi, zimangirizidwa ku trellis, ndikuwongolera mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Chaka chotsatira, nthambi zofupikitsidwa zimakonzeka kubala zipatso. Amangidwa owongoka. M'chaka chimodzi, mphukira idzawonekeranso, yomwe idzafunika kumangirizidwa kale m'malo opingika, ndikufalikira mbali zosiyanasiyana. Mphukira zomwe zakhala kale ndi umuna, tikulimbikitsidwa kufupikitsa ndi masamba 5, kuwerengera kuchokera mabulosi apamwamba.
