Clarkia (Clarkia) ndi chomera chamadzi pachaka cha banja la Cypress. Mitundu iyi ili pafupi kwambiri ndi goodecium ndipo ma botanists ena amaphatikiza mbewu ziwiri izi kumtundu umodzi. Duwa lotere limalemekeza Kaputeni W. Clark, yemwe m'zaka za m'ma 1800 adapita nalo ku Europe kuchokera ku California. Mwachilengedwe, mbewu iyi imatha kupezeka ku Chile komanso kumadzulo kwa North America. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu 30, pomwe itatu yokha ndi yomwe imalimidwa.
Zolemba za Clarkia
Clarkia ndi udzu pachaka, kutalika kwake kumatha kukhala 0,3 mpaka 0.9 mita. Pamaso pa nthambi zowoneka bwino nthawi zambiri pamakhala kupindika, kokhala ndi villi yochepa. Masamba okhala pansi ali ndi mawonekedwe owulungika ndi mtundu waimvi kapena wowoneka wobiriwira. Maluwa opitilira amatha kukhala a terry kapena osavuta, ali ndi mawonekedwe oyenera, m'mimba mwake kufika 35 mm. Ndipo amatha kujambulidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Monga lamulo, iwo ali gawo la inflorescence apical okhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu kapena mawonekedwe ofanana, komabe, maluwa osungulumwa nthawi zina amapezeka. Duwa limakhala ndi kapu ya tubular; corolla imaphatikizapo 4-loled or petals solid, tiling the m'munsi mu marigold. Chipatsochi ndi polysperm.
Kulima mbewu za Clarkia
Kufesa
Chomera chimamera pambewu m'njira ziwiri: mmera ndi mbande. Ngati kulima kumachitika mosabzala, ndiye kuti mbewuzo zimafesedwa mosabisa. Kubzala kumachitika mu Epulo kapena m'masiku oyamba a Meyi, ndipo izi zitha kuchitidwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira nyengo yachisanu isanachitike. Pokonzekera malowo, pa mita iliyonse ya kukumba, muyenera kuwonjezera kilogalamu imodzi ya peat ndi 1 supuni yayikulu ya superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate. Mbewu za chomera ndizochepa kwambiri, zimafesedwa ndi zisa za zidutswa zinayi kapena zisanu. Poterepa, mtunda pakati pa zisa uzikhala wa 20 mpaka 40 sentimita. Sikufunika kukumba nyemba m'nthaka, tiyenera kumakanikizidwa pang'ono ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi loonda. Mbande zoyambirira zitha kuwonekera pakatha mwezi umodzi, ndipo mudzafunika kuzichepetsa, komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti nthawi yamaluwa, nkhwangwa imawoneka bwino kwambiri kutchire. Ngati kufesa kumachitika mu kugwa, nthawi zina mbande zimakhalanso ndi nthawi yoti ziwonekere nyengo yachisanu isanabwere, pomwe imasungidwa bwino pansi pa chisanu. Mbewu zikaoneka mchaka, zizifunikira kuti zidulidwe ngati karoti.
Kukula kudzera mbande
Ngati Clarkia wakula kudzera mbande, ndiye kuti mbande zazing'ono zitha kutetezedwa ku mvula yozizira, chisanu, kusintha kwadzidzidzi mu kutentha ndi mphepo zamphamvu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kufesa mbewu m'mwezi wa Marichi, mu nkhani iyi yamaluwa ku Clarkia idzayamba m'masiku oyamba a Juni. Zofesa mbewu zimapangidwa pang'onopang'ono acidic. Ndikosafunika kuzikulitsa, koma ndikofunikira kuti mupanikizire pansi ndi piritsi ndikutsanulira kuchokera kutsitsi. Phimbani chidebe ndigalasi ndikuyiyika pamalo otentha komanso owala, koma payenera kuti pasakhale zozungulira padzuwa pamenepo. Mbewu zoyambirira zikaonekera, pogona pake pazichotsedwa. Chotetezacho chimayenera kusungidwa m'malo owuma, abwino ndi mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse. Kusankha kumapangidwa koyambirira kwambiri, pambuyo pa kuwonekera masamba oyamba owona.
Kubzala Clarkia poyera
Nthawi yoti afike
Clarkia imasinthidwa kukhala dothi lotseguka mu Meyi. Zikakhala kuti dothi lomwe lili pamalowo lilibe pH yoyenera mbewu yomwe idapatsidwa, izi zikhonza kuwongoleredwa. Pofuna kuthira nthaka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwanjira zitatu izi:
- pa 1 m2 onjezani kilogalamu 1-1,5 wa peat;
- pa 1 m2 onjezani magalamu 60 a salfa;
- thirirani dothi ndi yankho lomwe lili ndi ndowa ndi 1.5 supuni zazikulu za citric kapena oxalic acid.
Ngati nthaka ili acidic kwambiri, laimu imawonjezedwamo. Ngati ndi mafuta, ndiye kuti izi zitha kuwongoleredwa ndikupanga mchenga wokumba. Ndikofunikira kuthira manyowa m'nthaka, komanso za feteleza zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pamenepa, amanenedwa pagawo loti mbewu zikula mosakoka. Kukonzekera kwa tsamba kuyenera kuchitika osachepera theka la mwezi musanabzale.
Momwe mungabzalire
Sikoyenera kubzala mbande imodzi nthawi, koma tenga chomera mumtimagulu tating'ono pamodzi ndi chotumphukira pamtunda. Kenako gulu libzalidwe mchitsime chimodzi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mtunda pakati pa mabowo ungasiyane 20 mpaka 40 sentimita. Zomera zachikulire zidzafunika kuthandizidwa, chifukwa zimakhala ndi mphukira zoonda kwambiri, choncho musaiwale kukangamira njanji yayitali kapena ndodo pafupi ndi bowo lililonse. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Clarkia iyenera kubzalidwa kuti isaberekane, chifukwa amatha kupukutidwa. Pamene tchire zibzalidwe, zimafunikira kuthiriridwa ndi kumanikizidwa pang'ono kuti zithetse.
Zosamalidwa
Ndiosavuta kumera Clarkia, ndipo ngakhale woyambitsa akhoza kuthana ndi ntchitoyi mosavuta. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha ngati pali nthawi yayitali, youma komanso yotentha. Potere, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa kangapo masiku 7 aliwonse. Nthawi zina, maluwa oterowo amakhala ndi madzi amvula okwanira. Tikathirira, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti madziwo amayenera kulowa mu dothi mwachangu, osayima nthawi yayitali kuzungulira chitsamba. Mavalidwe apamwamba ayenera kuchitidwa pokhapokha pakupanga masamba ndi maluwa, ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wophatikiza ndi mchere wa izi. Pafupipafupi kuvala kwapamwamba - nthawi 1 pa theka la mwezi. Za feteleza, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito Rainbow kapena Kemira, pomwe zinthu za organic sizingagwire nthaka. Kuti pachimake pakhale patali komanso mokongola, ndikofunikira kuchotsa maluwa akutha panthawi yake.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mwa tizilombo zovulaza, mealybug imatha kukhazikika pansi. Ndikothekanso kumvetsetsa kuti chitsamba chiri ndi kachilomboka chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa thonje ngati thonje, komwe kumatha kukhala chomera. Kuti muwononge tizilombo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchitira zachinsinsi, ma actar kapena phytoerm.
Zikakhala kuti pamalo omwe nkhanu zimamera, dothi limakhala loamy, izi zimatha kuthandiza kukulitsa matenda a fungus. Mfundo yoti chitsamba ili ndi kachilombo imatha kumvetsetsa bwino ndi mtundu wa mtundu wachikasu, womwe uli ndi malire a bulauni, womwe umayikidwa pamabale a masamba. Kuti muchotse matendawa, muyenera kuchiza chitsamba ndi fungicidal agent (oxychrome kapena Bordeaux fluid). Ngati mudzala duwa m'nthaka yoyenera ndikuusamalira bwino, limakhala ndi kukana kwambiri kumatenda onse awiri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Pambuyo maluwa
Kutoletsa mbewu
Chomera chimatha kubereka popanda kutengapo gawo. Pakatikati, mumangofunika kuchepera mbande zanu. Ngati mukufuna mbewu, ndiye kuti ndizosavuta kusonkhanitsa. Zomera zikatulutsa maluwa, muyenera kuzindikira maluwa ooneka bwino kwambiri. Akayamba kuzimiririka, ndiye kuti adzafunika kuvala matumba a gauze. Mbewu zipsa patadutsa milungu inayi maluwa atafota, pomwe bokosilo likuyenera kukhala la bulauni. Dulani mabokosiwo ndikawaza mbewu papepala. Mbeu izi zimafesedwa chisanachitike chisanu kapena kuwaza mu thumba la pepala, pomwe zimasungidwa mpaka kasupe wotsatira.
Zisanu
Clarkia ikatulutsa, tchire limatha kudula pansi ngati mukufuna. Ndipo nthawi yophukira kukumba malowa, zidzakhala zofunikira kuchotsa zotsalira za mbewu ndikuziwotcha. Kutaya sikulimbikitsidwa, chifukwa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tating'onoting'ono kapena bowa tingaoneke zinyalala zotere.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya Clarkia yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Mitundu itatu yokha ya clarkia yomwe imalimidwa ndi wamaluwa, awa ndi: clarkia marigold, kapena elexandra clarkia; Clarkia ndi wokongola, kapena nsomba ya m'mimba imakhala yozungulira; Clarky Breveri.
Clarkia ndi wapamwamba, kapena marigold (Clarkia unguiculata, Clarkia elegans)
Mtunduwu mwachilengedwe umatha kupezeka ku California. Chomera chobiriwira pachaka chotalika chimatha kufika masentimita 100. Woonda wokwanira wamphamvu pansi pansipa. Pamwamba pamagawo a masamba obiriwira obiriwira pali mitsempha yofiyira, m'mphepete mwa iwo mulibe mbali. Maluwa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe pafupipafupi komanso mainchesi anayi. Amatha kukhala a terry kapena osavuta ndikukhala ndi mtundu wina: ofiira, ofiira, oyera, ofiirira komanso amtambo. Amayikidwa amodzi munthawi yomwe masamba amaganiza. Kumera kwa njere zazing'ono kumatenga pafupifupi zaka 4. Limamasula bwino mu Julayi-Seputembara. Mtunduwu nthawi zambiri umalimidwa kumapeto kwapakati. Mitundu yomwe imadziwika kwambiri ndi:
- Albatross. Maluwa a Terry ali ndi mtundu woyera. Chitsamba chamtengo chofikira chimafikira kutalika kwa 0,75 m.
- Chikondwerero. Maluwa a Terry ali ndi mtundu wa carmine komanso m'mimba mwake mpaka 35 mpaka 40 mm. Chitsamba kutalika kwake kumafika pa 0,8 mpaka 0.9 m.
- Kupanda ungwiro. Maluwa a Terry amapaka utoto wa salmon ndipo amakhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 35 mm. Kutalika kwa tchire lotayirira kuli pafupifupi 0.9 m.
Clarkia wokongola (Clarkia pulchella)
Mtunduwu ndi wocheperako. Mphukira zowongoka, zophukira zimatha kutalika kwa 0,4 m.Mbale zazitali zazifupi zopyapyala zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Amalozera kumtunda, ndikuchepetsedwa kwa petiole. Maluwa amatha kukhala a terry kapena osavuta. Itha kupezeka zonse limodzi ndipo imayikidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe ali munsi mwa masamba. Chosangalatsa chake ndi mawonekedwe a ma petals, omwe amagawidwa m'mabowo atatu, omwe adakonzedwa kwambiri. Pankhani imeneyi, ku America, mtunduwu umatchedwanso "nyanga za elk." Maluwa amayamba theka la mwezi m'mbuyomo kuposa clarkia okongola.
Clarkia Breveri (Clarkia breweri)
Posachedwa, mtunduwu wayamba kutchuka pakati pa alimi. Chomera chosagwira ozizira chaka chilichonse chimatha kutalika pafupifupi theka la mita. Mawonekedwe a duwa amafanana ndi gulugufe, ndipo m'mimba mwake amafika pafupifupi 30 mm. Maluwa ali ndi fungo labwino lamphamvu ndipo ndi gawo limodzi lama inflorescence otayirira. Mtundu wa Pink Ribbons umakhala ndi maluwa ofiira okhala ndi nthiti zokongola; chitsamba chimatha kutalika pafupifupi mamitala 0.3.
Mitundu ina ya Clarkia yomwe imalimidwa ndi wamaluwa ndiyabwino.
