Chomera chofalikira chamtundu wa herbaceous chaka ndi chaka kapena chosatha (Sanvitalia) chikuyimira banja Asteraceae. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yokha. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, mbewu zotere zimatha kupezeka ku Central ndi North America. Mitunduyi idatchedwa Sanvitali wa ku Italiya, yemwe anali wazachipatala. Chodziwika kwambiri pakati pa alimi ndi mitundu monga recumbent kapena prostrate (Sanvitalia procumbens), yopangidwa kuyambira zaka za zana la 18.
Mawonekedwe a Sanvitalia
Tchire pa sanvitalia limakhala ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo kutalika kwake sikokwanira masentimita 20. Kutalika kwa masamba ophukira okhala ndi masamba pafupifupi 0.45. Masamba osemphana ndi utoto amtundu wobiriwira amakhala ndi petiole komanso ovoid kapena elateated ovate mawonekedwe. Madengu amtundu wa inflorescence afika 25 mm, amaphatikiza maluwa am'maso achikasu, lalanje kapena oyera, komanso maluwa apakatikati ojambulidwa amtundu wakuda, wofiirira kapena wakuda. Sanvitalia limamasula mu theka lachiwiri la nthawi yachilimwe, ndipo limamasula mu Okutobala. Chipatsochi ndi achene.
Duwa limatha kubzalidwa m'mabokosi apakhonde, m'mabasiketi opachikika, m'mwala, amatha kukongoletsa phiri kapena mapiri a maluwa osanja ndi maluwa. Ndipo sanvitalia amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chofunda. Chomerachi sichingokhala chophatikizika, komanso chosasinthika, kotero chimakonda kudalidwa poyera komanso m'nyumba. Sanvitalia ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti iphatikizidwe ndi kuiwalika-ine-nots, Iberis, nasturtium ndi salvia.
Kukula kwa Sanvitalia kuchokera ku Mbewu
Kufesa
Kubzala mbewu za sanvitalia ndi mbeu ndizosavuta, chifukwa zimamera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, musaiwale kusonkhanitsa iwo m'dzinja. Kufesa mbewu za mbande ziyenera kuchitidwa m'masiku oyamba a Marichi. Kuti izi zitheke, ngalande zamadzimadzi zimayikidwa pansi pa mbale, yomwe imakutidwa ndi mchenga wowuma wosakanizika ndi dothi la michere yokhala ndi michere (1: 3), mbewu zimayikidwa ndi 10 mm okha. Ndikofunikira kuti mudzaze nyemba ndi dothi loonda, ndiye kuti mbewuzo zimapukutidwa kuchokera ku siperulira. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi ndikutsukidwa m'malo ozizira pang'ono (kuyambira madigiri 18 mpaka 20). Mbande zoyambirira zimayenera kuonekera pambuyo pa masiku 10-12. Musaiwale kuyendetsa mbewu kamodzi patsiku ndikuthirira madzi masiku awiri kapena atatu, kutsata kutsitsa. Pakakhala masamba awiri enieni masamba, iwo amatenga zipatsozo, pomwe zidutswa ziwiri kapena zitatu zimayikidwa chikho chimodzi. Akazika bwino, ayenera kuumitsidwa kwa masiku 15, kenako nkudzalidwa panthaka.
Kubzala mbande
Kubzala mbande panthaka ndikofunikira m'mwezi wa Meyi-June pambuyo pozizira usiku. Podzala, muyenera kusankha malo pomwe pali dzuwa, ndikulingalira kuti chomera chimafuna dothi labwino. Pangani mabowo akuya masentimita khumi, pamene mukukumbukira kuti mupeze mtunda wa masentimita 25 pakati pawo. Pansi pa dzenje lirilonse muyenera kuyika dongo lokhathamira. Kenako muyenera kusamutsa dzenje ndi dothi lapansi, ndikudzaza ndi dothi. Dothi likapangidwa pang'ono, chomera chobzalidwa chimayenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri.
M'madera omwe kasupe amayambira molawirira ndipo kumatentha, kufesa mbewu zitha kuchitika mwachindunji mu Meyi kapena June. Mbewu zophukira zitheka kutalika kwake ndikafika masentimita 10.
Malo Oyera M'munda
Popeza sanvitalia ikuchepa posamalira komanso chomera chosalemera, zimakhala zosavuta kuti chikule. Kuthirira maluwa oterowo kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo. Nyengo ikakhala yonyowa, zimbudzi sizitha kuthiramo madzi, chifukwa kudzakhala mvula yokwanira. Kumbukirani kuti kusunthika kwa madzi m'nthaka kumatha kubowola mizu, pomwe chilala chochepa sichingasinthe maluwa. Ukathirira pakatha, ndikofunikira kumasula nthaka yonse, kwinaku mukukumbukira kuchotsa udzu wonse.
Kuti malo omwe maluwa awa akukhalapo ali ndi mphepo yamphamvu, ndikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa chimango kuti tisunge mawonekedwe a tchire.
Ngati sanvitalia wakula m'nthaka yodzala ndi michere kapena mukadzala feteleza, sikofunikira kudyetsa mbewuyo. Nthawi zina, kuvala pamwamba kumakonzedwa kamodzi pakatha masabata awiri ndipo feteleza wophatikizira am'mimbowo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa.
Kupangitsa kuti mbewu zikhale zodulira kwambiri, ndikofunikira kutsina nsonga za zimayambira kangapo, pamene muyenera kukhala ndi nthawi kuti muchite izi pamaso pa lithuvitalia blooms.
Mutha kuthilira tchire nthawi iliyonse. Maluwa amenewo amalola kufalikira bwino ngakhale maluwa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Sanvitalia imakonda kukana tizirombo ndi matenda. Ndi chomera, mavuto amatha kumera pokhapokha ngati ulimi wothirira ukaphwanyidwa (kuthilira kwambiri kapena kuthirira kwambiri). Nthawi yomweyo, kumbukirani kuti mbewuyo imalekerera chilala pang'ono kuposa kutulutsa madzi m'nthaka. Ngati mukuzindikira kuti masamba a duwa adayamba kupindika ndi kusintha mtundu, ndiye izi zikuwonetsa kuti akufunika kuthirira mwachangu.
Pakulima mmera, amatha kudwala matenda ngati mwendo wakuda. Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa nthendayi ya fungus ndikudzaza, chinyezi chambiri cha nthaka komanso kusowa kwa mpweya wabwino. Popewa, musaiwale kuyambitsa nthangala yake munthawi yofananira, ndikupanganso njira yoyenera yothirira.
Sanvitalia pambuyo maluwa
Popeza duwa limakonda kutentha, ndipo kutentha kwa pansi pamunsi madigiri 3 kungathe kuwononga, sanvitalia amalimidwa kumapeto kwenikweni ngati chaka. Komabe, ngati mungakonde, tchire zimatha kusungidwa mpaka nthawi yamasika. Kuti tichite izi, ziyenera kuziika mu duwa la maluwa nthawi yophukira, yomwe imasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira (pafupifupi madigiri 5).
Mitundu ndi mitundu yamtundu wa sanvitalia wokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Zatchulidwa kale kuti mtundu umodzi wokha womwe umalimidwa ndi wamaluwa - sanvitalia otseguka. Komabe, mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yophatikizana ya mbewu yotereyi idapezeka. Mwachitsanzo:
- Maso owala. Maluwa a tubular ali pafupifupi akuda, ndipo mabangowo ali ndi utoto wolemera wa lalanje.
- Wokondedwa wapulumutsidwa. Mitundu iyi imadziwika ndi maluwa ambiri. Maluwa a tubular ndi a bulauni, ndipo mabangowo ndi uchi wachikasu. Pakutha maluwa, mbewu zoterezi zimapanga kapeti wochititsa chidwi.
- Golide Waluso. Mabasi okwera amafika masentimita 20 ndipo amakula kwambiri. Maluwa ndi achikasu, ndipo gawo lapakati ndi lakuda.
- Golide Aztec. Maluwa achikasu ali ndi malo obiriwira opepuka.
- Orange Sprite. Masamba obiriwira ndi obiriwira amdima, ndipo ma inflorescence a nusu-iwiri ndi lalanje.
- Mamiliyoni dzuwa. Mitundu yamtunduwu imakhala ndi maluwa obiriwira obiriwira komanso mabango achikasu. Kusamalira duwa lotere liyenera kukhala lofanana ndendende ndi zokwawa zina kapena zokwera.
