Monarda ndi membala wa banja la a Labret, lomwe lidatchedwa dzina lake polemekeza katswiri wazachipatala wa ku Spain ndi dotolo Nicholas Monardes. Katswiriyu wasayansi waku Spain adafotokozera koyamba chomera cha monarda ndipo adauza azungu za nkhaniyi m'mabuku ake "The Medical History of Western India" komanso "Good News from the New World," ndipo amadzitcha kuti "Virtual of Orthodoxy" kapena kuti Canada wa ku Canada.
Kununkhira kwa ndimu ya Monarda kumakhala ndi zabwino zambiri. Ndi iye, munthu amamva m'malo abwino komanso oyera. Chokongola kwambiri kwa aliyense wobzala ndichoti mbewu zambiri zimatha kudzaza dimba ili ndi fungo ili, lomwe nthawi yomweyo siligwirizana ndi zipatso. Zina mwa izo ndi melissa, lemongrass, mitundu ina ya thyme ndi basil.
Komabe, fungo lokhala ndi zonona limakhala ndi kufanana kwambiri ndi zipatso, kuwonjezera apo, mithunzi yosiyanasiyana imasakanikirana. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ku England amatchedwa bergamot, ndipo dzina lodziwika la mtunduwu limatchedwa "monard mandimu."
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya Monarda
Ndimu ya Monarda ali ndi kukula kwa masentimita 70-90, ngakhale kuti zitsanzo zosowa kwambiri zimatha kufika 100 cm kutalika. Phesi lakhazikika patrahedral, lili ndi nthambi. Masamba a chomeracho ndi azowola, odutsa, okhala ndi mano. Maluwa a chomera amatha kukhala ndi utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana: awa ndi maluwa ofiira, oyera ndi oyera ngati chipale chofewa, komanso ofiira. Ma inflorescence amakhala ndi mainchesi 6-7 cm.Amamera pachitsinde chimodzi pambuyo pa chimzake.
Monard pawiri herbaceous perennial chomera, chomwe chimafikira kukula kwa 0,7-1,5 m. Muzu wake ndi wautali, wopingasa. Phesi ndi tetrahedral, molunjika, lili ndi tsitsi laling'ono. Masamba amakhala obiriwira okhala ndi mitsempha yapinki, oblong, ali ndi mano akulu. Maluwa amatengedwa mosakanika ndi inflorescence, amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira.
Monarda Bergamot Mtengowo ndi wa banja la labioceae. Chomera chimakhala ndi mizu yolimba, komanso kukaniza matenda ndi tizirombo tonse. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera za nyama, masaladi. Komanso zonunkhira zopangira kupanikizana ndi zakudya zambiri.
Mtundu wosakanizidwa wa Monarda Dzinali limamanga mitundu yonse yophatikizira ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya binary ndi tubular. Ichi ndi chosatha ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 100. Mtundu wa maluwa umatha kukhala osiyanasiyana: kuyambira yoyera mpaka yofiirira. Komanso kukula kwa maluwa kungakhale kosiyana: kuyambira ang'onoang'ono, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence, mpaka akulu, osakwatiwa. Mwa mitundu ya hybrid iyi pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu yaying'ono, yomwe imasiyana maluwa, mthunzi wamasamba, komanso maluwa.
Monarda duduk izi mbewu komanso osatha. Zokhudza banja la oyera mitu. Ili ndi timitengo tambiri tambiri, kutalika kwake komwe kumafikira masentimita 60-120. Masamba ali ndi mano. Maluwa ndi a lilac, amawoneka ngati mipira yaying'ono, mainchesi ake omwe ali pafupifupi 6 cm.
Scardlet wa Monarda Cambridge
Mtengowo ndi wosakanizidwa. Osatha, amafika masentimita 80-100. Ili ndi mizu yayitali yopingasa, tsinde lolunjika. Masamba ndi obiriwira, amapezeka moyang'anizana, amakhala ndi petioles lalifupi. Maluwa ali ndi utoto wofiirira wambiri, womwe amatengedwa kuti ukhale inflorescence. Magawo onse a mbewu ali ndi fungo la mandimu. Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala komanso zokometsera. Zosiyanasiyana zimasiyana ndi kuzizira, komanso matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Kukongola kwa Monarda wa Cobham udzu wobiriwira womwe umakhala ndi maluwa apadera. Zokhudza banja la Labiaceae. Kutalika kwa tchire kumasiyana kuchokera pa 700-900 cm, maula ena amatha kufika mpaka masentimita 120. Masamba ndi osadukiza, okhala ndi malangizo. Mtundu wobiriwira komanso fungo labwino. Pa tsinde amapezeka moyang'anana awiriawiri. Maluwa ndi ochepa, amakhala ndi fungo labwino, lomwe limatulutsidwa ndikutulutsa inflorescence.
Monarda Pink Lace Chomera chowoneka bwino ndi maluwa apinki, m'malo mwake, akuluakulu, omwe amatisonkhanitsa kukhathamiritsa inflorescence. Chitsamba chimakhala chododometsa, chotalika 40 cm basi. Mbewuyi ndi yaying'ono, yabwino kuti ikule mumbale. Zigawo zonse za mbewu zimakhala ndi fungo labwino. Masamba ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira tiyi.
Kadinala wa Monarda herbaceous osatha chomera. Zomwe zimayambira ndi tetrahedral, kutalika kwa chitsamba kumakhala mpaka masentimita 150. Maluwa amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana, koma onse amatengedwa kuti azikhala ndi inflorescence.
Monarda Citroder chomera chaching'ono chomwechi, chomwe chimafikira 30-30 cm, chimakhala ndi maluwa otumphuka. Ili ndi fungo labwino la bergamot. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula m'maluwa amaluwa. Masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira.
Monarda osatha mukayang'ana chomera chapatali, mutha kuganiza kuti akangaude akulu okhala ndi mafinya agalu akhala pamalowo. Zomera zotere zimakhala ndi maluwa. Magawo onse a mbewu amatulutsa fungo lachilendo, motero limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira. Kuphatikiza apo, duwa limawoneka bwino m'malo okongola.
Monarda Schnevithhen
Osatha, omwe ali ndi mizu yayitali, zimayambira za chomera ndi tetrahedral, amafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 150. Maluwa ndi oyera, ophatikizidwa ndi inflorescence yakuda. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chodzala m'magulu a maluwa, komanso amawoneka bwino m'maluwa.
Monarda Panorama udzu osatha. Chomera chimakhala ngati chitsamba chokhala ndi zitsinde zingapo zowongoka. Osiyana kutalika ndi maluwa ambiri. Ma inflorescence akulu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa. Onse ofiira apinki ndi ofiira ofiira ali ndi khungu. Wamaluwa amayamikira chomerachi chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo, komanso chifukwa cha mankhwala komanso kukoma kwake. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tiyi. Pabedi lamaluwa limawoneka wokongola m'minda yamagulu.
Monarda Gadenview Scarlet imafika kutalika pafupifupi 100 cm, maluwa amakhala ndi kamvekedwe kofiira. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito monga zokongoletsera zamaluwa m'minda yamagulu, zimawoneka bwino mnyumba zamaluwa.
Monarda Pink Suprim Chomera chimakhala ngati chitsamba chokhala ndi tsinde lachindunji, kutalika kwake ndi 70-120 cm, tsinde ndi tetrahedral, masamba ali ndi fungo labwino.
Monarda Mohawk Ndiwosatha ndi masamba obiriwira komanso masamba awiri ofiirira. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi 100 cm.
Monarda Diana herbaceous osatha chomera ndi fungo lokoma la ndimu. Amapanga tchire tokhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka masentimita 45. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono a lilac ophatikizidwa ndi inflorescence. Candelabra amafanana ndi mawonekedwe awo. Mbali yodziwika bwino yosakanikirana ndi maluwa ambiri ndi maluwa ambiri.
Monarda Mahogany Zokhudza banja la oyera mitu. Maluwa ali ndi mtundu wabwino komanso mawonekedwe okongola. Mtengowo umafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 110. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chosakanizira ndi tsinde lake lamphamvu ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono obiriwira obiriwira. Maluwa ndi ofiira owala, onunkhira bwino kwambiri.
Monarda Fireball osatha zipatso zokongola. Maluwawo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owumbika komanso osawoneka bwino ofiira.
Kubzala kwa Monarda ndi chisamaliro
Duwa limakula bwino padzuwa, koma limatha kukula pang'ono. Zowona, pamenepa, tchire lake lidzakhala lotsika, ndipo maluwa atachuluka kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira kusankha malo obzala mbewu omwe adzatetezedwe bwino chifukwa cha mphepo, popeza zimayambira zimatha kupindika ndikugwada, kutaya kukongola.
M'masiku otentha, ndikofunikira kuthirira monarda pang'ono, osateteza, kuti nthaka isakokolore madzi. Komanso mbewuyo sakonda komanso youma mopanda nthaka.
Popewa kuwoneka ngati ufa wa powdery, ndikofunikira kuthirira mbewu munyengo yamvula. Ngati dzinja litakhala lotentha komanso louma, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulch nthaka ndi peat.
Munda wa Bergamot ndi amodzi mwa mitundu ya monarda. Chimakula nthawi yobzala komanso chisamaliro popanda zovuta, malinga ndi malamulo a sayansi yaulimi. Mutha kupeza malingaliro onse ofunikira kuti mukule ndi kusamalira nkhaniyi.
Dothi la Monard
Monarda sikuti ikufunikira kwambiri pamtunda, koma ikukonda dothi labwino lopanda chonde. Simamva bwino ngati dothi lolemera, acid komanso louma. Itha kumera pamadothi osawuka pokhapokha podyetsedwa nthawi zonse.
Nthaka yakutsogolo kwa duwa yakonzedwa kuyambira nthawi yophukira. Kumbani dothi, chotsani namsongole ndikupanga kompositi, manyowa kapena peat mokwanira ma kilogalamu 2-3 pa mita imodzi2superphosphate - 50 magalamu ndi mchere wa potaziyamu - 30 magalamu.
Ngati dothi ndi acidic, ndiye ndikofunikira kuwonjezera 40 magalamu a laimu pa mita imodzi. Mu kasupe, nthaka imalemera ndikumayambitsa feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Zomera zimabzalidwa pa mtunda wa masentimita 60-70 pakati pa mizere kuti zipatseni mpata wokwanira waulere komanso wokula.
Feteleza wa monarda
Zakudya zam'madzi zimachitika panthawi yolimba komanso maluwa. Komanso, monarda amafunikira feteleza wowonjezerapo popanga mphukira zatsopano komanso pakusintha kwa matalala.
- Chapakatikati, chomeracho chimayenera kudyetsedwa ndizophatikiza michere yambiri. Pakatha masiku 12 izi zitachitike, bwerezani njirayi.
- Mu nthawi yophukira, monarda amadyetsedwa ndi potashi ndi phosphorous mankhwala.
- Pakukonzekera mwachangu, kuvala kopita kumaloledwa. Masamba amaphwanyidwa ndi feteleza wa mchere, komanso ma microelement.
- Pa kutentha kwambiri pamlengalenga, mmera umathandizidwa ndi yankho la Epin.
Monarda m'nyengo yozizira
M'nyengo yozizira, gawo la chomera liyenera kudulidwa kwathunthu, ndipo kasupe limadzanso.
Mizu yanyengoyi ndi yosagwira chisanu ndipo imakhalabe ndi nyengo yozizira popanda malo okhala.
Kulima mbewu ya Monarda
Pakakulitsa monarda kuchokera kumbewu, zimabzalidwa panthaka ya May mpaka kukuya kwa masentimita 1-2. Pa lalikulu lalikulu mita, mankhwalawa sayenera kupitirira 0,5 magalamu. Pofuna kufalitsa mbewuzo moyenera, zimasakanikirana ndi mchenga.
Kutentha kumera kwa mbeu ndi madigiri 20. Monarda akuwombera poyamba amakula pang'onopang'ono. Ndikofunika kuti tisamasulidwe nthawi zonse, kupewa kumizidwa ndi namsongole. Zomera zatsopano amazika nazo, poyamba pamtunda wa masentimita 10 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, kenako 20. Atakulika kuchokera ku mbewu, kachigawo kamene kamafika pachimake.
Ngati mungafune, mutha kubzala mbewu mu Marichi kuti mupeze mbande. Amonke okwera, atatha milungu iwiri, adumphira pansi malinga ndi chiwembu 3 × 3 sentimita. Kubzala pamalo otseguka zitha kuchitika pokhapokha kuwopseza chisanu kudatha. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu zomwe zili mumzere womwewo ndi masentimita 30, ndi pakati pa mizere - 60 sentimita. Onetsetsani kuti madzi mumabzala.
Kubala kwachitsamba kwa Monarda
Pofalitsa mwakugawa chitsamba, ndikofunikira kusankha chomera chathanzi, wazaka 3-4. Chitsamba chimakumbidwa ndikugawidwa mu kugwa.
Gawo lirilonse lopangidwa liyenera kukhala ndi mphukira ndi mizu 3-4. Delenki anabzala, komanso mbande ndikuthilira kangapo.
Amayesa kufalitsa gawo la monarda ndi mizu, poganiza kuti njira iyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Mukadzala pamalo owuma kwambiri kapena chonde chambiri, mbewuyo imakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew. Kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri kumathanso kuchitika.
Mankhwala, kukonzekera zamkuwa zamkuwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi oyenera pokhapokha pakukula kwa monarda wam'maluwa.
Ngati mbewu idyedwa, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa amachitika ndi njira zachilengedwe - infusions wa anyezi, adyo kapena tansy. Mwambiri, duwa limakonda kugwidwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
Monarda mankhwala ndi contraindication
Mafuta ofunikira a Monarda ndiwofunika kwambiri pamankhwala, makamaka pankhani ya duodena monarda, ngakhale mankhwala ovomerezeka komanso achikhalidwe amagwiritsa ntchito bwino pafupifupi mitundu yonse ndi mitundu ya mbewu.
Pafupifupi malo ake onse amakhala ndi machitidwe ochiritsa - maluwa, masamba, mphukira. Izi zikuphatikiza kulimbikitsa chitetezo chokwanira, kuthana ndi dongosolo lamkati lamanjenje, kuthandiza kukonza bwino kukhala ndi kufooka ndi kutopa, kuchepetsa nkhawa, komanso kuchepetsa nkhawa.
Nthawi yomweyo, zinthu zomwe zimapanga mafuta (makamaka, thymol) zimathandizira thupi kukana kukalamba, kulimbitsa kulimba kwa makoma a capillaries, kulimbikitsa zida zamagetsi, kukweza kukulira kwa ziwiya zama coronary komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Monarda wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira bwino komanso zathanzi zomwe zimathandiza kugaya chakudya. M'chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, kumaluka kumachitika, zimayambira zimayikidwa mumitsuko kuti zisaonongeke ndi zinthu zomwe zili momwemo.
Ndimu Monarda ndichabwino kwambiri pa saladi, koma makamaka, umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kununkhira tiyi, zakumwa za zipatso kapena kvass kuti apatse zakumwa zanu zonunkhira bwino za ndimu.
