Azalea wakunyumba ndi dzina lodziwika la mitundu yochokera ku mitundu iwiri yamtchire ya azaleas, Indian ndi Japan. Pakadali pano, mtundu wa Azalea ukuphatikizidwa mu mtundu wa Rhododendron, oimira onse omwe ali ndi maluwa okongoletsa ndipo amafunikira malo otukuka mwapadera.
Kuphwanya malamulo a chisamaliro kumabweretsa kuti chomera chikataya msanga zokongoletsa, masamba amasanduka achikaso, kuda kapena kufota, kenako nkugwapo. Kulima kosagwira bwino kumabweretsa kuti azalea ifooke, kukana kwake kumachepa, ndikuyenera kukhala chandamale cha matenda.
Zomwe zimatsogolera kuti azalea zimatsitsa masamba zingakhale:
- makina;
- mankhwala;
- kwachilengedwe;
- zokhudza thupi;
- nyengo.
Nthawi zina, zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimachitika nthawi imodzi, mwachitsanzo, kulakwitsa kwa nyengo ndikugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo, kapena matenda amabweretsa tsamba.
Zokhudza thupi
Mukakulitsa ma rhododendrons, muyenera kukumbukira kuti izi ndi nyengo zam'munda, komanso chisamaliro choyenera, kusowa kwa matenda ndi thanzi labwino, azalea kwathunthu amataya masamba. Iyi ndi njira yachilengedwe - zitatha zonse, ngakhale zobiriwira, ziyenera kukonzanso chophimba. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yochokera ku azalea waku Japan (Japan rhododendron) imataya masamba ambiri kuposa mitundu yomwe kholo lawo lakutchire linali azalea aku India.
Kutaya kwachilengedwe kapena kwachilengedwe, masamba achikhalidwe chathanzi, kumachitika pambuyo pa maluwa, panthawi yokhala chete. Njira zamkati zamkati zimagwira pang'onopang'ono, koma masamba azalea amagwera pang'ono. Pankhaniyi, m'malo mwa masamba okugwa, masamba ogona amapangidwa. Ndi chiyambi cha masamba, masamba atsopano amatuluka masamba awa, omwe akhala zaka 2-4.
Zokhudza mankhwala
Zomwe zimayambitsa poizoni m'mimba zingakhale chiphe chomwe chimalowa mwangozi gawo lapansi kapena masamba. Koma nthawi zambiri, ma Rhododendrons amatenga mankhwala owotcha amafuta kuchokera kuthirira feteleza wambiri. Zizindikiro za mankhwala owonjezera amatha kufotokozeredwa kuti azalea amatsika masamba, ndipo nthawi zina amaluma ndikumwalira.
Azalea iyenera kuthiridwa manyowa mosamala kwambiri, motsogozedwa ndi lamulo: "kuchepa kwa zakudya ndikwabwino kuposa owonjezera."
China chomwe chimapangitsa ndi acidity nthaka. Oimira onse a banja la Heather amafunika nthaka yachilengedwe kwambiri - pH 3.5-4.5. Mukathirira, nthaka zimasambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo gawo lapansi limasintha acidity, ndikukhala acidic pang'ono kapena kusalowerera. Chomera sichilandira chakudya chofunikira muzu, popeza bowa wachikatikati, yemwe amaonetsetsa kuti azaleas amafa. Zotsatira zake, masamba azalea amagwa ndipo maluwa sapanga.
Momwe mungapewere: thirirani mbewuyo ndi madzi pang'ono, kapena ma microelements apadera.
Zinthu zanyengo
Azaleas amakonda kumera m'malo ozizira okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri (70-82%). Kutentha kwambiri (madigiri oposa 20) ndi mpweya wouma, azalea amatsitsa masamba ndi maluwa. Komanso yasiya kuyika maluwa atsopano.
Kodi mungapewe bwanji: Muli azalea pamtunda wambiri komanso kutentha kwa madigiri 12-16, nthawi yamaluwa, mkati mwa matalala, kutentha kumachepetsedwa (koma osatsika kuposa + 5).
Kutsirira kosakwanira, kapena kusakhalapo kwake, kungayambitsenso kuti azalea igwetsa masamba. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kufupikitsa pang'ono mphukira ndikuyambiranso kuthirira.
Zachilengedwe
Zifukwa zomwe azalea amawuma, kapena chifukwa masamba ake amagwa mwadzidzidzi, atha kukhala chifukwa:
- matenda oyamba ndi fungal (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tambiri timene timayambitsa maluwa);
- matenda opatsirana;
- matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya;
- tizirombo ta nthaka tomwe timawononga mizu;
- majeremusi omwe amawononga mbali zina za mlengalenga.
Njira zofunikira zachitukuko cha matenda onse oyamba ndi fungus zomwe zimatsogolera ku chomera zimachulukana chinyezi, kukhetsa malo opanda madzi, komanso kutsika kwa kutentha. Muzu wowola wa rhododendrons, tracheomycosis, mochedwa choipitsa (muzu). Fungal matenda Fusarium - kumayambitsa khungu masamba ndi mphukira za azalea.
Njira zoyendetsera. Njira zothandiza kwambiri zopewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus ndikuwunika momwe dothi limakomera komanso kuchuluka kwa mbewu. Dothi la Azalea suyenera kupukuta, koma lisakhale lonyowa kwambiri. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda oyamba ndi fungus, chotsani nthambi zamatenda, ndikuchiza azalea ndi yankho la kukonzekera fungicidal. Ngati uwu ndi bowa wa nthaka, ndiye kuti muyenera kusintha gawo lapansi ndikuchiza mizu ndi yankho (njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate ndiyabwino).
Tizilombo tambiri tambiri ta azalea wamba ndi kangaude, komwe kumapangitsa masamba a mbewu kutota, kutembenukira chikasu, kuzimiririka ndikugwa. Ndi matenda oopsa a mite, azalea imawuma, motero sitha kuisunga.
Njira zoyendetsera. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira zawoneka ngati tiziromboti (masamba a masamba, masamba osachedwa ndi maluwa), gwiritsani ntchito galasi lokulitsa kuti mupeze tsamba lotsika. Nkhupakupa ndizochepa kwambiri, sizimawoneka nthawi zonse ndi diso lamaliseche. Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tapezeka, mbewuyo imayenera kuthandizidwa ndimakonzedwe acaricidal maulendo awiri atatu (nthawi yomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku atatu ndi atatu).
Njira zodzitetezera: kutsanulira masamba - nkhupakupa zimachulukana pamalo ouma, otentha.
Kugonjetsedwa kwa mavu - kachilombo kakang'ono - kumayambitsa kuwonda kwa masamba, ndipo ndi kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu, masamba azalea amasandulika akuda. Mosiyana ndi kachilombo ka fungus komwe kamayambitsa mtundu wakuda, mutapatsidwa kachilombo, masamba amasungunuka. Ma thrips ndi amodzi mwa tizirombo owopsa kwambiri, omwe ndi ovuta kulimbana nawo, chifukwa chokana kwawo mankhwala ena opha tizilombo.
Njira zoyendetsera. Thirani mbewuyi kangapo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timapangira kupha mavu. Onetsetsani kuti mwatsegula gawo lapansi, tengani mankhwala poto wamaluwa ndi mizu yomera.
Vuto ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timayambitsa masamba ndi zipatso za azaleas. Tizilombo timawoneka ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala kosavuta kuyeretsa. Mtundu wa tizilombo titha kusintha mitundu. Monga lamulo, azalea imakhudzidwa ndi chishango chofiirira ndi utoto wofiirira, wofiyira nthawi zambiri.
Njira zoyendetsera. Pa gawo loyambirira la chotupa, ndikokwanira kupukuta masamba ndi thonje swab choviikidwa m'madzi a soapy. Kenako, muzimutsuka ndi madzi.
Ngati kuwonongeka kwambiri, mankhwalawa rhododendron ndi mankhwala kawiri 2-3. Onetsetsani kuti mwasintha gawo lapansi, chifukwa, mmenemo, mazira amphere adzakhalabe, ndipo matenda ayambanso.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amakamizika kuzinthu zachilengedwe ndikukhala pamenepo. Izi sizipweteka azaleas, ndipo nkhanambo, yoyamwa madzi owondedwayu m'maselo, idzafa.
Kuti azalea azinyumba azikhala okongola komanso athanzi, kuwonjezera pakupanga nyengo yabwino, ndikofunikira kutsatira njira zodzitetezera komanso osasiya mbewuyo osadalira kuti mudziwe tizirombo m'nthawi.
Kanema wakukula azalea wokongola kunyumba
