Dahlias - Kuteteza ndi Kusunga

Kuteteza chisanu

Masamba a Dahlia mu nyengo yophukira yophukira amayamba kuzizira kwakanthawi kofika -0.5 ° - -1 °. Zina mwa mdima zomwe zimawonedwa. Dahlia zimayambira kulekerera chisanu chochepa mpaka 2 °. Pakati, kutulutsa chisanu koyamba kumachitika pafupifupi pa Seputembara 8 mpaka 17, ndipo chisanu choyambirira chimawonedwa koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Nthawi zina pofika Seputembala 10 amafika -4, -6 °. Pamatenthedwe awa, masamba, masamba ndi inflorescence okha amafa, komanso zimayambira.

Dahlia (Dahlia) © Stan Shebs

Ngati zitsamba za dahlia zawonongeka, mizu, ngati mapampu amphamvu, imapitilizabe kupatsa madzi ndi madzi osungunuka ku gawo la mlengalenga, ndipo ma capillaries omwe awonongeka ndi chisanu sangathe kuwapatsa masamba, kufalikira kumasokonezedwa, madzi omwe amapezeka m'munsi mwa tsinde akuyamba kuwola, komwe kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa khosi la dahlia. ndi tuber yonse. Chifukwa chake, ndikuwonongeka kwambiri ndi chisanu pamitengo, ndikofunikira kuyamba kukumba dahlia.

Nthawi zambiri, ikangoyamba nyengo yachisanu yophukira, nyengoyo imakhalabe yabwino kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zina mpaka mwezi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunika kutengapo njira zonse zotheka kuteteza mbewu ku chisanu choyamba. Pali njira zambiri momwe mungatetezere dahlias ku chisanu: mbewu zogona, kuwotcha ndi moto, masisitovu, ndi zina. Koma zonsezi ndizodula kwambiri, nthawi yambiri, kapena osadalirika. Njira yodziwika kwambiri yothana ndi chisanu - chophimba cha utsi - nthawi zambiri, makamaka pamphepo, sichimapereka zomwe mukufuna.

Dahlia (Dahlia) © Loïc Evanno

Njira yosavuta yoteteza mbewu ku chisanu ndikumakonkha, zoteteza zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa potsatira izi. Madzi m'dongosolo lamadzi kapena zitsime samakhala ndi kutentha osatsika + 6 ° ndipo akachepera ndi 1 ° 1 m³ madzi amatulutsa zopatsa mphamvu zazikulu 1000. Kudzikwirira kumawonjezera chinyezi chamlengalenga, chomwe chimathandizanso kuyatsa kwamoto kuchokera mu dothi ndi chomera. Nthawi yomweyo, dothi lonyowa, chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa matenthedwe othandizira, limasunthira kutentha kumtunda wamlengalenga. Madzi omwe amakhala pamwamba pa mbewuzo amaundana, pang'onopang'ono kuvala ndi utoto wocheperako, koma wowuma. Kutentha pansi pa chipolopolo chotentha choterechi sikugwa pansi -0,5 °. Ice chimapulumutsa mbewuyi ku chisanu. Pa thawing, evapition imayenda pang'onopang'ono ndipo imayendera limodzi ndi kudziwitsidwa kwa kutentha. Izi zimathandizira kuti madzi oundana asungunuke pang'onopang'ono m'malo ophatikizika ndi kulowetsedwa kwa madzi kuchokera mwa maselo.

Mukugwa kwa 1959, kuyesa kotsatiraku kunachitika mu Main Botanical Garden: chowaza chake chinali ndi malo a dahlia. Nthawi yakula, idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira, nthawi yachisanu - kuteteza mbewu pomwaza. Madzi adathiridwa madzi ndi mabowo omwe ali ndi mulitali wamtali wa 3.5-4. Ma nebulizer anali olumikizidwa ndi payipi yofewa kupita ku malo othandizira madzi ndikuyika pamtunda wa mamita 8 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake pakatikati pa ntchito iliyonse pamtunda wa 1.5 metres. mpaka kutentha kudakwera pamwamba 0 °. Kutentha kwa mpweya wa -4 °, mbewuzo zidakutidwa ndi ayezi.

Dahlia (Dahlia) © Loïc Evanno

Miyeso idawonetsa kuti kutentha kwa mpweya pamalo owaza nthawi zonse kunali kokwanira kufika 2 ° kuposa m'malo osamwetsa madzi.

Ngakhale kutentha kwa mpweya kunatsikira mpaka -6 ° pa Seputembara 28, ma dahlias omwe anali m'malo owaza pambuyo pang'onopang'ono anali osagwira, pomwe mbewu zowongolera zinafa.

Kuzizira koziziritsa kukhosi pa Seputembara 30 ndi Okutobala 3 sikunachititsenso kuti mapangidwe a ayezi atumphuka, ngakhale kutentha mu mlengalenga pamalo osatetezeka kunafika -3 °. Mpaka kukhazikitsidwa kwa kutentha kwakanthawi kokhazikika kwa usiku kwa mbewu izi, inflorescence yabwino idadulidwa. Kuwunika komwe kunachitika atakumba ma tubers kunawonetsa kuti mbewu zomwe zimatetezedwa ndikuwaza m'masiku 12 pambuyo pa kuzizira koyamba kunapereka kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kulemera kwa ma tubers poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera.

Njira yowaza imakulitsa nthawi yomera yazomera panthaka. Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochita maluwa.

Dahlia (Dahlia) © Cillas

Kuyeretsa ndi kusungira mizu tubers

Isanayambike nyengo yozizira yayikulu, pomwe nyengo yoyamba yachisanu imagwira masamba ambiri a dahlia, ndikofunikira kuyamba kukumba mizu mizu.

Nthawi zambiri amakumba kumapeto kwa Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Okutobala nyengo yabwino pamatenthedwe kuti mizu ibalike bwino. Kukumba kumachitika bwino asanafike masana, popeza maola 3-4 asanadutse, adzauma ndipo pofika madzulo azikonzekera. Kuti mukule dahlia, muyenera kukhala ndi mafosholo awiri okumba kapena mafoloko awiri amdimba, hacksaw, kudulira mitengo kuti muzidula zitsulo ndi mpeni wokonzanso matimu. Choyamba, zimayambira kuchokera ku mbewu zingapo zimadulidwa, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pamizere 2-3, ndiye kuti zimtengo zimachotsedwa, zilembo zimachotsedwa. Pambuyo pa izi, mizu ya mizu imakumbidwa pansi ndikulemba malembedwe. Mukakumba, muyenera kuyesa kuti musawononge mizu. Kuti muchite izi, pobwerera pa tsinde lonse (hemp) ndi 15-25 masentimita, amakumba muzu wa tuber kuchokera mbali zonse, amaukweza mosamala, atagwira chitsa, pang'ono pang'ono kuchotsa pansi ndi dzanja ndikuchichotsa mosamala. Osakweza ndi kugwedeza tuber pansi kuti chitsa. Izi zitha kuwononga khosi la mizu. Kuthyola khosi pamtondo ndi muzu wokula, monga lamulo, kumabweretsa kufa kwa muzu chubu nthawi yachisanu.

Muzu Dahlia © quinn.anya

M'malo okhala ndi dongo lolemera, ndibwino kukumba ma tubers limodzi ndi pitchfork ya m'munda kapena mafosholo awiri kuchokera mbali zomerazo, ndikuchoka ku hemp mpaka kutalika kwa tubers. Mothandizidwa ndi ma pitchforks a m'munda kapena mafosholo awiri, timizu ta mizu timakwezedwa m'mwamba ndikuyika dothi lalikulu ndikuyika malo ena, ndikugwedezeka pang'ono pang'ono kuti dziko lapansi limafalikira mozungulira, dziko lonse lapansi limagwedezedwa ndikuwombera pang'ono kwa kanjedza kapena ndodo pamtengo. Ndi tubers ofooka ndibwino kuti musagwedeze nthaka. Mizu yokhala ngati mizu itakola pang'ono ndipo zigawo za tsinde zimaphwanyidwa pang'ono, zimasungidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti zisungidwe. Ngati mizu mizu ikusungidwa mu sitolo yokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, mizuyo imaphwa bwino.

Kusungidwa kwa chisanu kwa muzu dahlia ndi nthawi yabwino komanso yayikulu. Pachikhalidwechi pali mitundu yambiri yakale ya dahlias, yomwe imapangidwa ndi ma tubers okongola akuluakulu omwe amatha kusungidwa nthawi yozizira nthawi iliyonse. Komabe, mitundu yatsopano ya hybrid dahlia yomwe idapangidwa posachedwa ndi obereketsa aku Russia ndi akunja, omwe amaposa mitundu yakale yokongola ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a inflorescence, nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika poyerekeza ndi mitundu yakale yosagwirizana panthawi yosungirako. Komabe, malinga ndi malamulo ena osungira, mitundu yatsopano imasungidwa bwino.

Dahlia (Dahlia) © Olaf Leillinger

Njira yabwino yosungitsira mizu dahlia ndi kutentha kwa +3 - + 6 °. Chidwi chachikulu chiyenera kulipira chinyezi chosungira, chomwe chiyenera kusungidwa mkati mwa 60-75%. Ngati ndi kotheka, dahlia imayenera kupatsidwanso mpweya mwa kutsegulira ma vents kapena kutembenuza kanthawi kochepa. Kuyenda kokhazikika kwa mpweya kosungirako kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi chinyezi chake chofanana, chomwe chimalepheretsa kwambiri matenda a fungus.

Asanayike mizu yosungiramo nyengo yachisanu, ndikofunikira kupha tizilombo tosungira pasadakhale ndi fumfur sulfure pamtunda wa 50 g wa sulfure pa 1 mita³ kuchuluka kwa chipinda. Pakutupa, sitolo iyenera kutseka, mipata yonse ndi yolumikizidwa mwamphamvu. Zitatha izi, kusungirako kumayeretsedwa bwino ndi yankho la bulitchi kapena laimu watsopano.

Ikani machubu a dahlia kuti musungidwe mumizere umodzi kapena awiri pansi louma, mchenga kapena mipanda yamatabwa.

Muzu Dahlia © Wowonjezera Wam'munda

Munthawi yachisanu, osachepera pamwezi, mizu ya dahlia iyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndipo njira zoyenera ziyenera kutengedwa kutengera mtundu wa kuwonongeka komwe wapezeka. Imfa ya mizu yozizira nthawi yozizira imatha kukhala chifukwa chakucha kwacha (ndikubzala kapena kuti kulima ponyowa, dothi lozizira, makamaka m'malo otsika), komanso kuwonongeka koyipa kwa madontho oyamba a dahlias okhala ndi makosi osakhazikika, kuyambira kuvala kwambiri pamwamba, makamaka kuvala mobwerezabwereza ndi feteleza wa mchere mkulu mu nayitrogeni. Zomera zomwe zimamera komanso kuphuka bwino, zimakhala za khosi ndi ma tubers zimamasulidwa, zosapsa. Mizu ya mbewuzi nthawi zambiri imasungidwa bwino. Kusungidwa kwa mizu mu nthawi yachisanu kumadaliranso nyengo - nyengo yowuma kwambiri kapena yamvula ya chilimwe tubers simalandira zakudya zofunikira ndipo ilibe nthawi yokwanira kukhwima mokwanira; malinga ndi momwe amafukula - mu nyengo yachisanu, chisanu chikayamba kugwa, kapena kuvuta kovuta kukumba mvula, ma tubers amakhala onyowa, olemera, osavuta kusiya ndikuvunda posungira. Kutetezedwa kwa mizu tubers kumadaliranso mosiyanasiyana pamiyeso ya mbewu.

Kuganiza molondola pazinthu zonsezi, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa pafupifupi chitetezo chathunthu cha mizu yonse ya dahlias.

Pakati pa amateurs ndi alimi a maluwa, njira zingapo zosiyanasiyana zapangidwa kuti ateteze muzu wa dahlia. Izi ndizabwinobwino, chifukwa aliyense wobzala ali ndi njira yakeyake yolimira mbewu zokulitsa, dothi losiyanasiyana, nyengo zosiyanasiyana, malo osungirako osiyanasiyana muzu. Chifukwa chake, palibe malamulo apadera osungira.

Woweta wamkulu A. A. Grushetsky, wopanda chosungirako chapadera, adasunga ma tubers a dahlia muzipinda za kutentha kwa +12 - + 20 °. Atakumba muzu wazitsulo, kuyesera kuti asawononge, anagwedeza pansi ndikugona pansi. Ndi zitseko zotseguka ndi masamba awindo kwa masiku 5-6, adaziumitsa bwino, kenako ndikudula mizu yonse yaying'ono ndipo chaka chatha chamchiberekero cham'mimba, adafupikitsa zimayambira, ndikusiya stumps 2-3 cm kuchokera pakhosi. Kuwaza malo odulira ndi laimu-fluff kapena kudzoza ndi laimu. Asanagone kwa sabata limodzi, amasunga mizu pa kutentha kwa +20 - + 25 °. Munthawi imeneyi, yopuma ndi magawo ali ndi nthawi yoti adalidwe ndi khola la nkhata. Kenako ndinakhoma mabokosi a 80x50x60 cm ndi pepala loonda. Dothi lowuma lomwe linatsanulidwa pansi (wosanjikiza 3 cm). Pambuyo pake, adayamba kugona pansi mizu. Mzere uliwonse wa mizu, utayikidwa pamwamba, utakutidwa ndi dziko lapansi ndipo pamwamba pake bokosilo lidakutidwa ndi pepala. Phukusili, dahlias adasungidwa pafupifupi 100%.

Okonda ambiri asanayike mizu yozizira kuti isungire nthawi yozizira mu njira ya potaziyamu permanganate. A.N. Muzu wakonzedwa mizu tubers motere. Mizu yozunguliridwa idakumba pansi pomwepo m'madzi m'madzi kwa maola angapo (kuyambira maola atatu mpaka 12). Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito Jeti yamadzi kapena burashi, adatsuka ndikumamatira dothi ndikudula mizu yonse yopyapyala. Pambuyo pake, adawasinthira m'chiwiya chokhala ndi potaziyamu permanganate kotero kuti ma tubers adamizika pamodzi ndi mbali yakumanzere ya tsinde. Njira yothetsera vutoli iyenera kukhala ndi utoto wakuda. Tizilombo toyambitsa timadzimadzi timene timachokerako mpaka maola 0.5 mpaka 2. Zotsatira zake, ayenera kukhala ndi mtundu wachikaso wagolide kapena mtundu wonyezimira. Maso ndi masamba obiriwira, nthawi zina akuwoneka mukugwa, musavutike ndi izi, ngakhale utoto wa mizu utachepetsedwa. Ma tubers okalamba mu yankho, osayanika, adayikidwa pansi ndipo atatha masiku 2-3 adakutidwa ndi mchenga wonyowa pang'ono. Njira iyi pokonzekera mizu yosungiramo madzi osungira pafupifupi 100%.

Wokulitsa maluwa S.G. Valikov amasunga ma tubers a dahlia mu chipinda chonyowa chonyowa mu sandboxes. Amasesanso mizu yoyeserera, ndikuyeretsa, kenako ndikuchotsa mizu yaying'ono, yowonongeka ndi yovunda. Tsinde silimapitirira 8-10 cm kuchokera ku khosi la mizu. Amakonzera mabokosi (omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala amatabwa, okhala ndi mipanda yolimba kwambiri), amawakuma, amaphimba pansi ndi makhoma okhala ndi chosanjikiza chambiri, kenako ndikumata mozungulira mizu. Kenako amawakonkha ndi mchenga wamtsinje wowerengeka kotero kuti pamakhala kachigawo kakang'ono kwambiri pamchenga. Amakwirira mabokosi kuchokera pamwamba ndi mapepala ndikuwayika m'chipinda chapansi, ndikupanga chimodzi pamwamba pa chinzake m'mizere iwiri. Mwakutero, mizu ya dahlia tubers imakhalabe mpaka masika.

M'nyengo yozizira, S. G. Valikov pamwezi amayendera mabokosi mwezi uliwonse. Khungu likawoneka, amapukuta mabokosiwo ndi nsanza zowuma. M'chipinda chomwechi mumasungidwa mbatata, sauerkraut, nkhaka ndi zipatso zina. Kutentha kwa mpweya mchipinda chapansi kumachokera ku +2 - + 6 °. Chinyezi chokhudzana ndi kusungirako ziyenera kuchuluka nthawi zonse, osatsika kuposa 70%. Ndi njira yosungira iyi, zinyalala zapachaka kwa zaka 18 zidapitilira 4% ya kuchuluka kwa mizu yobzalidwa.

Zovuta zambiri komanso kukhumudwa zimapatsa wamaluwa malo osungira mizu tubers okhwima kuchokera kumadula. Mizu yaudulidwe wa mbewu zomwe zimadyetsedwa bwino ndi mitundu yonse yamadzimadzi pamwamba kuvala ndi mkulu wa nayitrogeni sizisungidwa bwino. Zomera izi zimamera pachimake, zimaphukira bwino, koma mizu yake mizu yake imakhala yopanda kufooka, yokhala ndi mizu yambiri yosalimba. Mizu yotereyi imasungidwa bwino ndi dothi lapansi, osagwedezeka, pang'ono podutsa mpweya ndikuyanika mu mpweya watsopano pakufukula. Kenako tubers amaikidwa pansi, bwino mpweya wabwino ndi ma vents. Ngati nthaka inafalikira kuchokera kuzizuzi ndipo tuber yakhala yofooka, ndiye kuti atayanika mosavuta amalimbikitsidwa kuti ipindike m'bokosi ndikuphimbidwa ndi peat youma, nthaka kapena mchenga.

Makamaka mitundu yamtengo wapatali ya dahlia imatha kufalitsidwa ndikusungidwa ndi njira yodula masamba a chilimwe, kuzula mphukira zonse kuti zisapinane. Zidutswa zokhazikitsidwa m'mizizi zimayikidwa m'malo owala. Zomera izi zimakhala zobiriwira nthawi yonse yozizira. Zachidziwikire, mwanjira iyi mutha kupulumutsa zochepa zochepa zam'mera.

Zidutswa za zodula za chilimwe (kuyambira Juni mpaka Ogasiti) zokhazikika m'miphika, ndi isanayambike chisanu, zimatsukidwa m'chipinda chofunda, ndipo, ngati zingatheke, zimayesetsa kuwonjezera kukula. Kenako kumapeto kwa Okutobala, zimayambira kudulidwa, ndipo atayanika, miphika yokhala ndi mafinya imachotsedwa pansi (posungira).

S. G. Valikov adayesera zoyesa zamabowo omwe amapangidwa kuchokera kuzomera zodula chilimwe. Monga kuyesa uku kunawonetsa, kukhathamiritsa kwa June kumapereka kupangidwe koyenera kwamabowo ang'onoang'ono koma okhwima komanso okhwima omwe amasungidwa bwino. Anawasunga m'chipinda chonyowa m'mabokosi okhala ndi peat kapena mchenga wouma. Kutetezeka kwa timinema kunali 75-85%.

Mu Julayi, timinofu totupa timakhala tofewa komanso tating'ono kwambiri. Anasunga timinofu totere timitengo 10 mpaka 20, natakulungidwa mu pepala lakuda, ndikuyika m'mabokosi ndikuwawaza ndi peat pamwamba. Chitetezo cha mizu tubers chinali 60-80%.

Nthawi zina mu June ndi Ogasiti kudula kotseguka, osati mapindikidwe kumapangidwa, koma makulidwe (callus) ndi unyinji wa mizu yaying'ono, yotchedwa "ndevu". S. G. Valikov amasunga zotumphukirazi ndi zimayambira 16-25 masentimita mu peat. Sanasungunule pansi pazakumba zomwe anakumba, ndikuchotsa masamba mwachangu, kufupikitsa phesi, ndikuyika pepala lirilonse ndi peat yotsanulidwira, ndikukulunga mosamala. Zowoneka mwanjira iyi zidazikidwa m'mabokosi omwe adasindikizidwa ndi peat. Ndi njira iyi, kusungirako kunali pafupifupi 50%, ndipo munthawi yosungidwa bwino, kapena zongoyesa "ndevu" zodzazidwa ndi mchenga kapena peat sizinasungidwe kwathunthu.