Kulima kwa mabulosi a ku Siberia: mitundu, zithunzi za maluwa

Matalala akayamba kusungunuka ndipo zizindikirizo zoyambirira za mvula ikubwera, mbewu zambiri zimapereka zizindikilo, kuphatikizapo scylla, zomwe zimadziwika kuti mabulosi. M'malimwe, duwa losadziwika bwino limawonetsa mphamvu zake zonse, ndikupeza dothi losapendekeka.

Scylla imakopa chidwi cha akatswiri, chifukwa pakadali pano botanists sinafike pamgwirizano pazomwe gulu ili lidzapatsidwe - banja la Liliaceae, Asparagus kapena Hyacinths. Ndipo, ngakhale, aliyense wa mabanja awa mawonekedwe ake a morphological alipo, amatha kusiyanitsa katundu wamba. Mitundu ya bluebell ndiyambiri ndipo imakhala ndi mitundu yoposa 85. Kukhazikika komwe mbewuyi imakhala ku Europe, komanso ku Asia ndi Africa.

Mitundu ya nkhalango

Scylla ndi banja lalikulu kwambiri, lomwe limapereka mitundu yosangalatsa yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe awo.

• Nkhalango ya ku Siberia nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'nkhalango za ku Europe, komanso pamiyala yamiyala ndi m'mapiri a Caucasus. Chomera chotsika mtengo nthawi zambiri chimakula mpaka 30 cm.
• tubergen osiyanasiyana Kukuwonekera pang'ono ndi kukula kwake, komabe, ngakhale duwa lalikulu limamera. Kutulutsa kwamtundu wamtunduwu kumayamba mu theka lachiwiri la Epulo. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake koyambirira, kawirikawiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe;
• mitundu iwiri imakhala ndi dzina lake chifukwa imakhala ndi masamba ambiri komanso yayitali. Pesi la maluwa limawoneka bwino kwambiri, chifukwa limatha kukhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana mpaka 10. Chifukwa chake, sizachilendo kupezana ndi mpango wa masamba awiri wokhala ndi maluwa oyera, ofiira, amtambo;
• Maonero a Bukhara sichowoneka kawirikawiri m'minda, chifukwa chimamera m'malo ochepa m'chilengedwe. Mutha kungowona pamwamba m'mapiri. Maluwa oyamba amitundu iyi ya scilla imaphukira kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, koma posachedwa imatulutsa masamba, ikukonzekera mphamvu kuloza nthawi yonseyo;
• nkhalango yophukira nthawi zambiri zimatha kuwoneka m'mphepete mwa Crimea ndi Transcaucasia. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yachikhalidwe ya Scylla, imamasula nthawi yosadziwika - kumapeto kwa Julayi komanso koyambirira kwa Ogasiti.

Kutumiza kwa Siberia: chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe, mawonekedwe amtunduwu

Ngakhale wolima wopanda chidziwitso amatha kuzindikira scylla ya ku Siberia. Makhalidwe ake ndi masamba ataliatali okhala ndi mitsempha yofanana. Maluwa amtundu wamtunduwu amawoneka ngati maimwala opindika. Duwa limodzi limaphatikizapo miyala isanu ndi umodzi. Kusankha kwa mithunzi ya utoto ndizochepa ndipo kumaphatikizapo buluu, cyan, oyera. Duwa lamtunduwu ndi laling'ono ndipo lili ndi mainchesi 1.5-5 cm.

Babuyo, yomwe imafikira mainchesi awiri, ndi gawo lofunikira la mbewu, chifukwa imadziunjikira michere pakumera. Maluwa oyamba a ku Siberian a Scylla amatsegulidwa mkati mwa kasupe, koma kale m'chilimwe mbewuyo imayamba kulowa. Maluwa ndi afupiafupi ndipo sapitilira masiku 20. Kuberekanso kumachitika chifukwa cha kupukutidwa ndi tizilombo - nthomba ndi njuchi.

Spelling ya Siberia ndi chomera chojambulitsa, motero, munthawi yoipa, maluwa amatseka. Pamwambamwamba masamba amakongoletsedwa ndi chipewa chowalayokhala ndi maselo amisempha yamagetsi, chifukwa cha zomwe izi za mtunduwu zimatha kudutsa mu nthaka yozizira, chosungunuka chisanu ndi matalala a chipale. Kufalikira kumachitika kudzera mu mbewu zomwe nyerere zimachotsa.

Magawo a nkhalango ya ku Siberia

Mu mtundu wa scylla uwu, ma subspecies angapo amatha kusiyanitsidwa.

• Masabusiti a ku Siberia nthawi zambiri amakulira kutchire-steppe. Bulb ya sing'anga imapangidwa muzomera, mpaka m'mimba mwake masentimita 2-3. Muvi wamaluwa umakula kutalika ndipo umakhala ndi kutalika kwa 12-15 cm. Mtundu wa masamba omwe ndi wobiriwira pang'ono. Maluwa a subspecies amenewa amafika mainchesi 2. Maluwa amayambira theka lachiwiri la Epulo;
• Mitundu yoyera ya ku Siberia ya Siberia ndi yopanda tanthauzo, pomwe ana mpaka asanu amatha kupanga nthawi yakukula. Mivi yamaluwa ndi yaying'ono mokwanira ndipo siyakukula kupitirira masentimita 10. Masamba ali ndi utoto wobiriwira. Poyerekeza ndi kumbuyo kwawo, maluwa okhala ndi tint yoyera omwe amafika mainchesi a 2 cm amawoneka osiyana;
• kupezekanso kwakukulu pamakonzedwe a maluwa ndi mtundu wa chikwangwani cha ku Siberia, chomwe chili ndi utoto wotuwa wa pinki kapena wotuwa;
• Kukhazikika kwa malo okhala mabungwe a ku Armenia ndi madera a Caucasus ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Turkey. Malo okondedwa ndi malo opanda mthunzi pomwe nthawi zambiri amakula mwa magulu ambiri. Mivi yamaluwa ndi yayikulu kwambiri ndipo imakula mpaka kutalika kwa 25 cm. Maluwa ali ndi mtundu wowala wa buluu, chiwerengero chawo pamtunda umodzi sichidutsa 4;
• Mabungwe a Caucasus ndiofala kwambiri m'nkhalango za Transcaucasia. Babu ndi laling'ono komanso limakhala mulifupi mwake wamasentimita 1.5. Mapazi apamwamba okhala ndi maluwa amtambo wamtambo amaonekera kwambiri motsutsana ndi maziko a chomera chonse;
• Kupeza kwaposachedwa kwa obereketsa kunali mitundu ya Kukongola kwa Spring. Chomera chimadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa mivi yamphamvu ya buluu-violet, momwe maluwa osachepera 5 okhala ndi mulifupi wa masentimita atatu Amapangidwa chifukwa chosowa kuyika kwa mbewu, scilla iyi imatha kufalitsidwa ndi ana. Amapanga nyimbo zabwino kwambiri akamadzala limodzi ndi chinsomba choyera.

Kutenga ndi kusamalira

Kukula ndi chiwembu pamtunda si ntchito yovuta kuti uchite, ngakhale pali zinthu zina zobisika zomwe zikuyenera kukumbukiridwa.

Malo oyenera

Kutumphuka kwa Siberia ndi chomera chojambulitsa, komabe, chimaphuka bwino mu machitidwe osinthika pang'ono. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti Malowa anamusankha kuti asasungidwe ndi dzuwa masana. Kupanda kutero, m'mikhalidwe yotere, sakhala ndi moyo. Kudontha komanso kuthilira kwam nthaka m'nthaka kumakhala kovuta kwambiri pakukula kwa mbewu. Kuti akwaniritse kupanga maluwa koyambirira mu spelling ya Siberia, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale m'malo omwe ali kumapiri akumwera. Mthunzi wocheperako, mbewu sizimakhala bwino, choncho zimayamba kuphuka mochedwa.

Dothi labwino

Kungotambalala kwamasamba awiri kumapangidwa bwino m'dera lomwe dothi lotayirira, umuna ndi masamba humus. Itha kubzalidwe pa dothi louma, koma, panthawiyi kubzala kwakufunika. Alimi ambiri olima maluwa amagwiritsa ntchito masamba awiri m'minda yolima masamba, koma pamenepa, asanafike pansi pamphika, ndikofunikira kuyika ngalande. Malo osayenera kwambiri okulitsa zitsamba za ku Siberia ndi malo omwe amakhala ndi dothi la acidic.

Mphukira zaku Siberian zimamera bwino panthaka yachilengedwe kapena yosalowerera. Mulching imathandizira pakukula kwake, pamene mizu idakutidwa ndi zida zomwe zikupezeka monga masamba, makungwa a mitengo yabwino, udzu, womwe ungachepetse kuchepa kwa chinyontho ndikusunga zinthu zofunikira m'nthaka. Nthawi yomweyo, sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito singano ndi makungwa a mitengo ya coniferous ngati mulch.

Feteleza

Munthawi zachilengedwe, mitundu yamatchire yomwe ikulima ndiyenera kukula popanda feteleza wapadera. Komabe, zamitundu yam'munda kuvala pamwamba ndikofunikira. Ndi chikhalidwe chawo nthawi zonse, mbewu zimakula, zimaphuka nthawi yayitali, komanso zimayamba kulimbana ndi matenda.

• ndibwino kuyamba kuthira manyowa kale kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, madzi akutuluka asanayambe. Imathandizanso kudyetsa kumapeto kwa yophukira;
• Monga lamulo, feteleza apadera sagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvala pamwamba. Omwe alimi ambiri amangokhala ndi mchere womwe umaphatikizapo nitrogen, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Mu nthawi yophukira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyamwa feteleza granular m'nthaka, kasupe - mayankho amadzimadzi.

Kodi maluwa obiriwira amafalitsidwa bwanji?

Zithunzi za mitengo siziyenera kupangidwa poyerekeza ndi scilla lingaliro kuti ndizosavuta kulima. Ngakhale kubereka ma buluku kumafuna kutsatira malamulo ena.

Mababu ndi njere zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chodzala pophunzitsira Siberian. M'mbuyomu, zochitika zapadera sizofunikira, popeza kubereka kumachitika chifukwa chodzilamulira. Nthawi zambiri, chaka chimodzi, tsamba la bifolia limatha kupanga mababu anayi. Kubzala kumachitika mu kugwa, kukonzekera maenje mpaka 8 cm, pomwe mbewu siziyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi 5 cm kuchokera wina ndi mnzake.

Poganiza kuti mababu obzalidwa masika amakula mosiyanasiyana, si onse omwe angachotsedwe panthaka ndikuwonjezeredwa. Chifukwa chake, izi zimangozolowera kuti pamalo pomwe zidamera zidabzalidwa kamodzi, zimamera komanso kuphuka kwa nthawi yoposa chaka chimodzi. Mababu omwe atumphuka pamalo obzala kwa zaka zosachepera 3 atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa mtunduwo.

Mababu ang'onoang'ono sanapangidwe kuti azisungira kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, atakumba pansi panthaka, ayenera kubzalidwa patatha mwezi umodzi. Mpaka nthawi yakwana yoti mufalitsidwe, mababu akulu amatha kusungidwa mu peat mpaka nthawi yophukira, yomwe iyenera kuyikidwa mu chipinda chozizira.

Ngati njira yobala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti mababu okha omwe akhala akukulidwa pamalopo kwa zaka zosachepera ziwiri ndi omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pobereka.

Kutenga matenda ndi tizirombo

Pofuna kuti musadzipangire nokha zovuta, zomwe zingafune nthawi yambiri ndi kuyesetsa kulimbana ndi matenda, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti fufuzani mababu kuti muwone ngati pali matendawa asanadutse. Kukhalapo kwa mabowo mumachubu kukusonyeza kuti mphutsi za anyezi zomwe zimadya mkati mwa babu zalowa mu babu.

Chifukwa chake, ngati mungapezeko zinthu zobzala, ndiye kuti, ma scyll omwe adakhazikitsidwa sipangokhala nthawi yayitali. Popeza tapeza chizindikiro chokhala anyezi muzu mite, ndikofunikira kuchitira nthaka mankhwala ndi tizirombo. Nthawi zambiri anyezi amapitilira zimbalangondo ndi mahatchi. Njira yothanirana nawo kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina, chifukwa cha izi ndikofunikira kukumba dothi, chifukwa chomwe mungachotsere mphutsi zambiri ndi akulu.

Pomaliza

Scylla amakopa chidwi cha olima maluwa osati ndi mawonekedwe ake, ngakhale atha kugunda wobzala mbewu wa novice. Mwa mitundu ina ya mbewu zokongoletsera, duwa limayimira mphamvu yake, yomwe imawonetsa kumayambiriro kwa masika, ikadutsa m'nthaka yosasungunuka. Izi mwina kale kumayambiriro kwamasika, mbewu zina zonse zikapumula, alimi ambiri odziwa maluwa saphonya maluwa.

Mukukula, ndikofunikira kuti musangosankha malo owala bwino pomwe nthaka yoyenera ikakhazikikamo. Chofunikanso kwa Scylla akuphatikiza umuna, zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse zomwe zimaloleza kuti zizitha kulowa.