Chifukwa cha malonda apadziko lonse komanso kukula msanga kwa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, lero titha kusangalala ndi zipatso za mbewu zomwe sizimakula munthawi zathupi. Nthawi yomweyo, ena mwa iwo anali okonda kwambiri mwakuti adalowa mwamphamvu zakudya zathu za tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndipo tikudziwa chiyani za "mbale zakunja" izi zikukula?
Peduncle, yomwe yakula mwanjira ya peyala (otchedwa apulo-kazhu). Kuyambira pansipa, chipatso chenicheni ndi mtedza wa cashew.
Buku lathu likukuuzani zipatso ndi zinthu 15 zomwe zili zodziwika bwino kwa onse. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ena mwa iwo, kuchokera pakuwona momwe zamoyo zimayambira, samawerengedwa kuti ndi zipatso.
1. Wopanda
MakapuMakapu, mwachitsanzo, si chipatso konse, koma masamba osakhwima a herbaceous chomera cell prickly. Mukazilola kuti ziphukire, mutha kusirira maluwa oyera oyera okongola, ndikusankha zipatsozo. Zowona, amaonedwa ngati osakoma kuposa masamba, chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, pogula zamzitini, timagula sikukutulutsa maluwa osasangalatsa.
Kutolere masamba a caper spiny.
Wosefera wobiriwira ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri. Mizu yake imafika pansi pamadzi, ikukula mpaka 20 metres, kutalika kwa nthambi kumafika mpaka 1.5 metres. Amakhala zachilengedwe pamiyala, m'ming'alu yamakoma, motero amabweretsa zovuta ku zipilala zakale zomanga nyumba yake - ku Central Asia. Amakulidwa pamakampani masiku ano, makamaka ku mayiko aku Mediterranean ku Europe, omwe zakudya zawo ndizakudya zambiri. Pa chokhalira choyambirira cha saladi wodziwika wa Olivier, mwa njira, othandizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito, osati ma pickles. Kuthengo, imamera ku Caucasus, Crimea, Kazakhstan.
2. Nkhuyu
Nkhuyu, mitengo ya mkuyu.
Malo omwe nkhuyu zimabadwira amadziwika kuti ndi India ndi Mediterranean. Zipatso izi zimamera m'mabwinja pamitengo kapena zitsamba zazikulu, mpaka kutalika kwa mita khumi. M'mphepete mwa mitsinje, mitengo ya mkuyu kapena mitengo ya mkuyu (mayina ena am nkhuyu) amapangira nkhokwe. Madera akum'mwera a mapiri amakondanso mbewuzi, pomwe zimatha kukula mpaka mamita 2000 pamwamba pamadzi.
Nkhuyu, kapena Mkuyu, kapena Mkuyu (Ficus carica).
Ku Russia, nkhuyu zimangolimidwa kumadera akum'mwera, ndipo minda yayikulu ya mitengo yamkuyu imapezeka ku Turkey, Greece, Tunisia, South America, Portugal ndi Italy. Chomera sichimalimba chisanu pofika -12 digiri Celsius. Koma nkhuyu zimatha kubzala bwino bwino kunyumba, monga chikhalidwe chokongoletsera. Mitengo ya nkhuyu yomata imaphukira kuposa 3 - 4 metres.
Werengani za momwe mungalime nkhuyu m'nkhaniyi: Nkhuyu ndi zipatso zavinyo.
3. Papaya
Kucha Chipaya ZipatsoMtengo wa Melon, womwe umatchedwa kuti zipatso za papaya zimamera, umachokera ku Central America ndi Mexico. Papaya simalola kutentha kwapansipansi, ngakhale kotsika kwambiri, chifukwa chake imangokulira m'malo otentha. Mtengowo uli ngati mtengo wa kanjedza, koma ayi. Mtengo uwu ndi wautali mamita 15. Kutalika kwa dzenje mkati mwa thunthu pansi ndi 30 cm, ndipo nthambi zoumbika sizipezeka konse.
Kukula papaya, kapena mtengo wa vwende pamtunda (Carica papaya).
Masamba a Papaya amapangika pamwamba pa thunthu ndipo amatha kukula mpaka 90 cm. Chochititsa chidwi, mbewuyo imakhala ndi maluwa achimuna ndi achikazi. Komanso, maluwa amtundu umodzi nthawi zambiri amakulira pamtengo umodzi. Koma pakatentha kwambiri chilimwe, kugonana kwamaluwa kumasintha kuchoka kwa wamkazi kupita wamwamuna komanso mosemphanitsa.
4. Brazil nati
Brazil nati.
Brazil nati ndi mtengo womwe umamera munkhalango zakutchire ku Brazil, komanso ku Peru, Colombia, Bolivia ndi Venezuela. Chomerachi chili ndi mawonekedwe awiri, omwe, monga zipatso zake, amayenera kuyang'aniridwa kwambiri. Choyamba, Bertolite (dzina lina lake) ndi imodzi mwazomera zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kutalika kwake, kumafika mpaka 30-45 mita, ndipo mulifupi wa thunthu la ku Brazil litha kukhala pafupifupi mamita awiri. Kachiwiri, mtengo ndi chiwindi chathunthu. Ngakhale amakhulupirira kuti Bartoletia amakhala ndi theka la zaka chikwi, anthu aku Brazil akuti mtengowu umakula ndikubereka zipatso mpaka zaka 1000. Ndipo ngakhale zitsanzo zoterezi zikuwonetsedwa kwa alendo, ngakhale, ndizachidziwikire, ndizovuta kutsimikizira kudalirika kwa izi.
Bertoletia, Brazil nati (Bertholletia).
Chinanso chomwe chimapezeka ku nati ya ku Brazil, chimabala zipatso kuthengo kokha. Ndipo mbewu zolemera kwambiri sizimakololedwa ku Brazil, monga momwe angaganizire, koma ku Bolivia. Chipatso ichochokha chimawoneka ngati bokosi lalikulu, chikufika masentimita 15 ndi awiri makilogalamu. Ndipo otchedwa mtedza ndi mbewu za chipatsochi.
5. Pitahaya (chipatso cha chinjoka)
Pitahaya (chipatso cha chinjoka).
Chipatso cha chinjoka chimamera pamwala. Zowona, osati wamba. Pitahaya ndi wowoneka bwino wowumbika, wakula bwino lero ku Central ndi South America, Australia ndi Southeast Asia. Ndizosangalatsa kuti cacti uyu ndiwachonde kwambiri - kuyambira hekitala imodzi yobzala pachaka, mutha kupeza pafupifupi matani makumi atatu a mbewuyo. Pitahaya amabala zipatso mpaka sikisi pachaka!
Kubzala gilocereus, mbewu zomwe zimatulutsa pitahaya.
Chinanso chomera, chomwe chimatipatsa zipatso zotsekemera kwambiri zamkaka zonyezimira kwambiri, chimatha maluwa usiku wokha. Maluwa akuluakulu oyera amakhala ndi fungo labwino kosatha.
6. Wasabi
Wasabi phala ndi muzu wa eutrem waku Japan.
Chomera chosatha chamtundu wa eutrem ku Japan, kuchokera ku mpweya womwe amakonzekeretsa zakudya zodziwika bwino zapadziko lonse la Japan - wasabi, chimakula mpaka theka la mita. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti rhizome yokha imakula pang'onopang'ono, yayitali, imayamba kutalika kwa 3 cm pachaka. Muzu umawerengedwa kuti ndi okhwima pokhapokha mchaka cha 3 - 4. Wasabi amatchukanso kutchedwa kuti horseradish yaku Japan, ngakhale mbewu iyi singafanane ndi horseradish - ya banja limodzi.
Wasabi, kapena Eutrema Japanese (Eutrema japonicum).
Chinthu chinanso cha wasabi - ma rhizome m'magawo osiyanasiyana ali ndi lakuthwa kosiyana. Koma ichi ndi mawonekedwe a wasabi weniweni - mbewu yomwe imamera kokha m'madzi oyenda mitsinje yamapiri. Zomera zobzalidwa m'mundamo sizikhala ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi opindulitsa omwe "honwasabi" (momwe amautcha Japan amati ndi wasabi weniweni), dimba loterali silimawonongeka pang'onong'ono.
Kuti mudziwe kukula kwa euterma ya ku Japan - wasabi, werengani nkhaniyi: Eutrem Japan - "Japan horseradish" wasabi.
7. Turmeric
Muzu wa Turmeric ndi PoumaChomera chosatha cha turmeric kuchokera ku banja la ginger chimatha kutalika mpaka mita imodzi. Pamalonda, amakula lero ku Japan ndi China, India ndi Indonesia. Turmeric imatengedwa ngati zokometsera zotchuka kwambiri m'magawo awa.
Zomera za Turmeric (Curcuma)Pakukonzekera zonunkhira, ndi mtundu wokhawo wa safironi wa ku India (dzina lachiwiri la chomera) lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma mbewu yakeyo imakongoletsa. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amaphatikizidwa kukhala akuluakulu (mpaka 20 cm kutalika) inflorescence ndipo amadzitamandira ma bracts okongola kwambiri. Chitsamba chimodzi chotchedwa turmeric (masamba aatali amakula mwachindunji kuchokera panthaka) chikhoza kukhala ndi inflorescence zingapo. Komanso, maluwa a turmeric ndi aatali kwambiri - mpaka miyezi itatu. Chifukwa chake, lero tili ndi mbewuyi ikutchukira kwambiri maluwa azomera.
Kuti mudziwe momwe mungakulire turmeric, werengani nkhaniyi: Cheeky mitundu ya turmeric kunyumba.
8. Clove
Ng'ombe ndi zonunkhira.
Pulogalamu yodziwika bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi si maluwa otuwa kwambiri (kutalika - mpaka 20), omwe amakula kwambiri kuzilumba za Pemba ndi Madagascar. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu azinthu zodzikongoletsa zapadziko lonse zimadza pamenepo.
Masamba (maluwa) amkaka (Syzygium aromaticum)Amaluwa ndipo, motero, "amabala masamba" a cloves kawiri pachaka. Njira yowasonkhanitsira ndikosavuta, kotero zonunkhira izi ndizotsika mtengo. M'malo obiriwira, ma clove amakhalanso akulu, koma izi ndizovuta. Komabe, monga chisamaliro cha mbewu zilizonse zosowa.
9. Avocado
Chipatso cha AvocadoPankhani ya biology, mapeyala ndi zipatso zamtchire. Imamera pamtengo wotentha nthawi zonse yokhala ndi korona wambiri komanso kutalika kwa mamita 15. Alimi ambiri amadulira mitengo ya avocado pafupi 5 metres kuti achulukitse kukolola.
Ma inflorescence ndi zipatso za avocado panthambi ya mtengo Persea american (Persea americana).
Chodabwitsa cha zipatso za avocado ndikuti samapsa kwathunthu pamtengo. Mukatha kutola zipatsozo, zimatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu, pomwe amakwaniritsa kutentha kwa firiji. Chifukwa chake, ngati simunagule mapeyala osapsa - izi ndizabwinobwino. Ingoikani mu kabati yamdima kwa masiku angapo.
Kuti mudziwe momwe mungakulitsire avocados, onani nkhani: Zinsinsi za kukula kwa avocad kunyumba.
10. Tsabola wakuda
Tsabola wakuda: wobiriwira, wowuma wopanda peel ndikuwuma ndi peel.
Zonunkhira zotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi tsabola wakuda. Izi ndi zipatso za mtengo wobiriwira wobiriwira wa tsabola.
Maluwa a Malabar (amatchedwanso tsabola wakuda) amakula m'nkhalango zotentha, kupotoza mitengo ndikufika mita 15 kutalika. Pakufakitale yamafakitale, tsabola wakuda amakulira pamtengo wapadera kapena pazinthu zina.
Zomera zokulira tsabola wakuda (Piper nigrum).
Kumayambiriro kwa kucha, zipatso za chomeracho ndizobiriwira, zikudetsa patapita nthawi ndikupeza fungo lokhazikika. Ngati zipatso zake zachuluka, peelyo imachotsedwa, ndikungosiyira gawo loyera. Tsabola wakuda woterewa amatchedwa "yoyera" wogulitsa. Kukoma kwake sikuli lakuthwa kwambiri, koma kununkhaku ndikowonjeza.
Kuti muphunzire kukulira tsabola wakuda, werengani nkhaniyi: Tsabola wakuda, kapena "mabulosi a Malabar."
11. Quinoa
Mbewu za QuinoaChomera cha quinoa chimawoneka ngati udzu wamtali. Imakula mpaka mamita anayi, imakhala ndi tsinde lolimba, masamba akulu ozungulira ndi inflorescence yayikulu. Akatswiri azomera amati chikhalidwechi ndi chimanga cha pseudo, chifukwa chosowa chipolopolo cholimba pa mwana wosabadwayo. Masiku ano, mitundu yamitundu yambiri ya quinoa imadziwika, koma atatu okha ndi omwe amakhala ndi malonda.
Minda ya Quinoa.
Quinoa yatsimikiziridwa kuti ndiyo maziko azakudya za amwenye akale. "Njere zagolide", monga momwe a Inca amatchulira, omwe adawona zipatsozi kukhala zofunika monga mbatata ndi chimanga. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 21, quinoa idatchuka padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha omwe adya zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Komabe, mankhwalawa amayenera kuperekedwa mosamala kwambiri muzakudya zanu: ndi allergen wamphamvu.
Kuti mudziwe kukula kwa quinoa, werengani nkhaniyi: Quinoa ndi chikhalidwe chamadyedwe m'munda wanu.
12. Vanilla
Vanilla ufa ndi nyemba zosankhwima.
Vanila weniweni sagwirizana kwenikweni ndi shuga wa vanila kapena vanila, amene timagula m'misika ikuluikulu kuphika. Ndi okwera mtengo, chifukwa kulima kwake nkovuta kwambiri, ndipo zokolola ndizochepa - okwanira masentimita awiri pa hekitala imodzi. Vanillin ndi chipangizo chamakampani opanga mankhwala, ndipo vanila ndi zipatso zouma ndi zamiyeso za mipesa yosatha ya maluwa a maluwa a orchid.
Vanilla orchid (Vanilla): maluwa, zobiriwira komanso nyemba zosankhwima.
Chomera ichi, chozungulira mtengo, chimakwera mpaka mamita 15. Tsinde la vanilla ndi loonda kwambiri, ndipo masamba ake ndi amtundu wofiyira, wautali komanso wowonda. Zimamera pomwepo kuchokera pa tsinde, zomwe sizikhala nthambi. Maluwa a Vanilla amatulutsa osapitilira tsiku limodzi. Pambuyo umuna, thumba losunga mazira limapezeka kokha pa 7 - 9 mwezi! Chipatso cha vanila ndi silinda yopapatiza yotalika pafupifupi 25 cm ndi theka cm ndi mbewu zazing'ono mkati. Zovuta zomwe zimakula ndi vanila zokulira zimalumikizidwa, choyambirira, ndi zovuta za kupukutidwa kwake. Zosadabwitsa kuti, kuthengo zitha kupukutidwa ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa hummingbird ndi njuchi za mtundu womwewo, zomwe zimangokhala ku Mexico. Pazinthu zambiri, vanilla amapukutidwa ndi manja. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito burashi yapadera. Iyi ndi njira yayitali kwambiri komanso osati yothandiza nthawi zonse. Theka lokha la maluwa opukutidwa ndi njira yochita kupanga limapereka ovary.
13. Ginger
Muzu wa gingerChitsamba chamuyaya chomwe chili ndi masamba yayitali komanso yopanda phokoso - ginger - tsopano sichimawoneka kuthengo. Zomwe timadya ndizomera zomwe zimalimidwa makamaka paminda ku India ndi Southeast Asia. Maluwa a ginger amakhala ngati maluwa amtunduwu.
Chomera cha ginger wopangidwa ndi ginger wopangidwa ndi mizu (Zingiber officinale).
Ndizosangalatsa kuti ku Middle Ages, ginger adabwera ku Europe, komwe adadziwika kuti ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera mliri. Mtengo wake unali wowoneka bwino. Pophika, ginger anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mochedwa kwambiri kuposa mankhwala.
Werengani za momwe mungakulire ginger m'nkhaniyi: Ginger - zokometsera ndi mankhwala. Njira Zokukula.
14. Pistachios
PistachiosTidazolowera kuganiza za pistachios ngati mtedza, ngakhale sayansi ya Botany imanenera kuti awa ndi mbewu yazipatso - ma drupes. Amamera pamitengo yaying'ono, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa zitsamba ndi korona wowonda. Mitengo yamtengo wa Pistachio mu Epulo, zipatso zimakhwima pofika Seputembala-Novemba, kutengera mitundu ndi dera la kukula.
Kubzala weniweni pistachio, kapena mtengo wa pistachio (Pistacia vera)Kuthengo, ma pistachios amakula pafupifupi kulikonse ku Asia, m'malo a North-West Africa. Chikhalidwe cha Syria, Mesopotamia, Iran ndi Central America ndichuma. Izi zimalimidwa kumwera kwa Europe.
Mitengo ya Pistachio ndi zaka zana limodzi. Amakhulupirira kuti m'malo abwino amakhala zaka zosachepera 400.
Werengani zambiri za momwe ma pistachios amakulira munkhaniyi: Kodi ma pistachios amakula bwanji?
15. Sinamoni
Mitengo ya sinamoni ndi ufa wa sinamoniKununkhira kwa sinamoni si chipatso, koma gawo louma lamkati la mtengo wa Ceylon sinamoni, womwe ndi wa banja la laurel ndi banja la sinamoni. Minda yolimidwa ya sinamoni imawoneka ngati minda yamtchire. Kawiri pachaka, makungwa amachotsedwa pamiphukira yaying'ono. Izi ndi zovuta kwambiri. Choyamba, muyenera kudikira mpaka mvula ikatha, ndiye kuti kuchotsa khungwa sikovuta kwambiri ndipo kununkhira kwake ndiye kokwanira kwambiri. Kachiwiri, ndikofunikira kuichotsa ndi timizere ta kutalika kotakata ndi kutalika - 30 cm ndi 1-2 cm, motsatana.
Mtengo wa sinamoni wachichepere.
Ku Sri Lanka kumadziwika kuti ndiko kubadwa sinamoni, koma lero wakula kulikonse ku India, Brazil ndi mayiko a Southeast Asia. Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya sinamoni ya Ceylon ndi yomwe ili ndi makungwa makulidwe a pepala.
