Brunner - Caucasian amandiiwala!

Mtengowu umatchedwa dzina la woyang'anira botan wa ku Switzerland komanso wapaulendo wapaulendo waku Brunner, yemwe adapita ku Crimea mu 1831. Pakati pazomera zosakhazikika m'munda, Brunner ndi amodzi mwa malo oyamba. Chomera chokongola ichi chimatha kukongoletsa dimba lililonse ndi mtundu wake wowala wamaluwa ang'onoang'ono komanso kukongola kwa masamba - "mitima".

Brunner (Brunnera) - mtundu wazomera wazomera wa banja la Burachnikov (Boraginaceae) Amamera kuthengo ku Caucasus, ku Asia Minor, Siberia yaku Western ndi Eastern. Ambiri amatcha "Caucasian-a-me-si-" (Kaukasus - Vergipmeinnicht).

Brunner macrophylla (Latin Brunnera macrophylla). © Armin S Kowalski

Chimakula kukhala ngati chitsamba chofalikira, pomwe chomeracho chimakhala chachitali komanso chachitali zingapo chimatalika mpaka 30 cm, chimafikira masentimita 40 kumapeto kwa maluwa. Zimayambira ndizoyipika, zamasamba. Masamba ndi ochepa, owala, oyambira, pa petioles zazitali, owumbika mtima ndi nsonga yakuthwa, wobiriwira wakuda pamtunda, wotuwa komanso woyipa kuchokera ku pubescence pansipa, mpaka 25 cm. Maluwa ofika mpaka masentimita 0,7, apical, panicrate-corymbose inflorescence, buluu wakuda wokhala ndi malo oyera mkati, kunja kwake ofanana ndi maluwa osayiwala, koma kuiwala ine-osati maluwa, mosiyana, ndi "maso" achikasu. Maluwa amayamba kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi ndipo kumatenga pafupifupi mwezi. Kugwa kofunda, kwanthawi yayitali kumatha kuphuka kachiwiri.

Chipatso chawuma, chikugawana mtedza zinayi. Mbewu (zakuda, zazing'ono, zochepa) zikupsa kumapeto kwa June - Julayi. Mtengowo ndi wozizira osapumira madigiri 29. Zakhala zikudziwika mchikhalidwe kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, pomwe Russia idayamba kuphunzira za Caucasus ndipo ulendo woyamba wamabizinesi amapita kumeneko. Brunner macrophylla - weniweni osatha. Chitsamba chitha kupezeka popanda kumuika ndi kugawa kwa zaka mpaka 10-15. Wobzalidwa pamthunzi, pamtunda wopanda pake, umakongoletsa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo (mawonekedwe a masamba) mpaka masamba woyamba masamba atafa. Masamba achichepere amawonekera nyengo yonse, zomwe zimapereka chitsamba Brunners nthawi zonse mawonekedwe abwino, mawonekedwe.

Mitundu ili ndi mitundu itatu. Brunner macrophylla (Brunnera macrophylla) ali ndi mitundu yaminda ndi mitundu yomwe imakhala yamtengo wamtali wamitundu yayitali. M'malo osungiramo maluwa ndipo okhometsa msonkho angapezeke opanga 'Langtriz' (Mango) ndi 'Variegata' (Variegata), komabe, mitundu yatsopano yapezeka posachedwa.

Brunner wamkulu wokhala ndi "Jack Frost" (Brunnera macrophylla 'Jack Frost'). © M a n u u l

Kukula

Malo: Mukamayala maluwa osinthasintha m'mundamo, muyenera kusankha malo omwe adzayatsa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kulowa dzuwa ndikugwera mumthunzi masanawa. Mthunzi wathunthu, mbewuzo zimatambasulidwa, zimataya zokongoletsera, ndipo zimakula padzuwa, Opanga ma Brunner amayenera kuwonetsetsa chinyezi chadothi komanso mlengalenga, zomwe zimatheka pokhapokha ngati pali chosungira. Potentha, kuwabzala padzuwa nthawi zambiri sikuthandiza.

Dothi: Brunner wa ku Siberia amakonda dongo, lomwe nthawi zonse limanyowa. Imakula bwino kumbali yakumpoto kwa nyumbayo, pomwe madzi amvula amayenda kuchokera padenga. Popanda chinyontho, masamba amawuma ndipo pofika pakati pa chilimwe mbewuyo imataya zokongoletsera zake bwino. Kwa othandizira akuluakulu, malo omwe ali ndi dothi lonyowa pang'ono amakhala bwino. Dothi lolemera kwambiri, makamaka umuna ndi manyowa atsopano, limapangitsa kukula kwokhazikika kwa masamba, omwe amaphwanya mtundu wachilengedwe wa kukula kwa nyengo ndi kukula kwa chikhalidwe cha mitunduyi.

Chisamaliro: ziyenera kudziwika kuti Brunner ndi wamkulu-wogwirira, momwe, monga tawonera, masamba atsopano amawonekera nthawi yonseyo, akukongoletsa kuyambira kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. M'maluwa achi Siberian, maluwa atatha, masamba amawuma mwachangu, atakutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni, ndibwino kuwadula mu Julayi. Ndipo kale pakati pa Ogasiti, masamba atsopano amakula, omwe amasungidwa mpaka chisanu. Koma ngakhale mmodzi kapena wina Brunner satenga hibernate.

Kusamalira Brunners ndikosavuta. M'mitengo yowuma, opanga ma Siberia, omwe ma rhizomes ake amphamvu, ophatikizana, samalola namsongole pano, chisamaliro ndikudula masamba omwe adasokonekera kukongoletsa. Ku Central Russia, mutabzala bwino pamthunzi komanso dothi lonyowa, safunikira kuthirira. Brunner macrophylla sachepetsa udzu. Tchire lake limamera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo namsongole monga kubaya, mafuta ndi michere ina yayitali ikhoza kubindikira. Chifukwa chake, kudulira munthawi yake ndiye maziko a mbewu yabwinoyi. Samafunikira kuthirira ndi feteleza. Kutsekula mitengo sikulimbikitsidwa, popeza ma peizomeswo amakhala pafupi ndi pamwamba.

Brunner wamkulu "Jogo Frost". © peganum

Kuswana

Gawani ma rhizomes, magawo a ma rhizomes ndi kufesa mbewu. Kudzidalira kumatha. Brunners pachimake mu kasupe, chifukwa chake kugawanika ndi kuwonjezereka kumachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe, pamene maluwa a chaka chamawa abzala kale. Delenki wobzalidwa kumapeto kwa Julayi - Ogasiti azika mizu mu kugwa, overwinter bwino komanso pachimake mu kasupe wa chaka chamawa. Kumbukirani kuti kasupe wa ku Siberia sanasungidwenso ku Brunner, Brunner wokhala ndi masamba akuluakulu amadzalidwa ndi dothi lalikulu.

Brunner bigleaf - chomera chokhala ndi mpweya wabwinowu, wopalidwa ndikugawika pachitsamba. Chitsamba chimakumbidwa, gawo la mlengalenga limadulidwa, mizu imatsukidwa dothi, ndikuponyera mumtsuko wamadzi. Kenako chitsamba chimagawidwa padera. Ndikwabwino kutsatira kugwa kwachilengedwe, koma ngati chitsamba sichovuta kugawana, gwiritsani ntchito mpeni. Koma pagawo lirilonse, payenera kukhala impso kuti iyambenso za chaka chamawa komanso gawo la rhizome. Kenako gawoli libzalidwa m'malo osankhidwa maluwa. M'pofunika kuyika chizindikiro pambali pake, kuti musayiwale za chomera.

Brunner Siberian - chomera chokhala ndi nthangala ya nthangala, chofalitsidwa ndi zigawo za rhizome. Chiphuphuchi, chomwe chili pafupi ndi dziko lapansi, chimakumbidwa, chimasulidwa ku zinthu zakale zowola ndi kuphwanya ndi manja zidutswa zosiyanasiyana. Mugawo lirilonse payenera kukhala impso (yosavunda, yosayuma) yatsopano. Mu brunners aku Siberiya, ndimdima, wonyezimira, wandiweyani - uwu ndiye maziko a kukula bwino mtsogolo. Gawo la rhizome (4-6 cm kutalika) ndi impso libzalidwa m'malo ake kuti lifike mu 2-3 cm ndikuwazidwa pang'ono ndi dothi.

Siberian Brunner (Brunnera sibirica) m'minda yamaluwa ya Botanical Garden of Moscow State University "Pharmaceutical munda". Moscow © Kor! An

Kusokonezeka

Ma Rhizomes limodzi ndi dothi lobzalidwa amabzala mu maluwa akuluakulu ndi dothi lazinthu zomasuka. Anamwetsa madzi ndikusiyidwa m'malo otakasuka kufikira chisanu. Kenako anayikidwa m'chipinda chozizira ndi kutentha mpaka 5 ° C. Nthawi ndi nthawi madzi. Ngati chipindacho chikuwala bwino, ndiye kuti Brunner amayamba kukula msanga. Kenako iyenera kusamutsidwa kuchipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu (mpaka 10 ° C). Limamasamba pakati pa Disembala.

Gwiritsani ntchito

Kupanga magulu okhazikika okongoletsa m'mitundu yosakanikirana, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito masamba akulu a brunner. Brunner lalikulu-leaved limatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'malire, popeza silimakula, limasunga mawonekedwe ake nyengo yonse, masamba ake ali oyera, ndipo palibe matenda omwe amadziwika. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pobzala mu mchenga wamchenga, koma m'malo awo osungunuka kwambiri.

Siberian Brunner ndilosafunikira kwenikweni pamabedi amaluwa, chifukwa limataya kukongoletsa mkati mwa chilimwe. Koma nthawi yomweyo, ichi si mbewu yopanda chidwi, yomwe ikukula mwachangu, ndikupanga kachulukidwe kakang'ono (mpaka 50cm), yofunikira kwambiri kukongoletsa madera okhala ndi madzi mkati mwa mundawo kapena kumbuyo kwa mabedi amaluwa. Ubwino wake mu liwiro la kukula, kukhazikika. Kulima sikutanthauza nthawi yambiri komanso mtengo.

Othandizira

Chingwe chokongola, chokongola cha brunners chokhala ndi mtambo wamaluwa amtambo wabuluu pamwamba chimawoneka chachikulu pafupi ndi prine, primrose, hellebore, Colchis sweweed, anyezi, fern wamkazi (wamkazi coder), ndi zina zambiri.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Mumvula yamvula, masamba amawonongeka chifukwa cha mawanga. Zomera zamtundu wamtundu zimatha kupezeka ndi phokoso la ufa, makamaka zaka zakunyowa ndi kuzizira; mbewu zimatha kuwola panthaka zobiriwira komanso ndikadzala mumiyala. Mwa tizirombo, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi ma whiteflies adadziwika.