Aliyense wokhala chilimwe amayesa kukongoletsa malowa ndi maluwa okongola ndi mbewu. Pogulitsa mutha kupeza zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zomwe ndizosiyana mitundu, ukulu ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo. Wamaluwa amakonda kwambiri maluwa amtchire, kulimidwa kwake kungachitike okha. Ndi mbewu izi zomwe terry chimanga ndi chake, zomwe tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane.
Khalidwe la maluwa
Mpira wamchenga umadziwika kuti ndi chikhalidwe chokongoletsera ndipo umatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - yoyera mpaka yofiirira. M'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya inflorescence imeneyi ndi miyala yodalirana, yotalika masentimita ofunda, ofikira kutalika kwa masentimita 50, ndipo m'mimba mwake maluwawo ndi 6 cm.
Chomera ichi chikuwoneka bwino:
- pamabedi amaluwa;
- m'malo osakanikirana.
Maluwa awa amapanga malire abwino ndi rabatki, amathanso kubzalidwe m'makola kapena m'magulu osiyanasiyana.
Kukula tirigu wamaluwa kuchokera kumbewu
Duwa ili ndi chomera pachaka, kubzala kwawo kumachitika m'njira yosabzala, kufesa mbewu mwachindunji. Nthawi yabwino yobzala mbewu ndi iti? Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ya izi imawonetsedwa kuti ndi kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi.
Kukula kwa chimanga kuchokera ku mbewu kuyenera kuchitika pamalo otentha. Duwa limakonda dothi:
- kukhuta bwino;
- zopanda acid;
- mchenga.
Zivomerezeka kuti, pamtunda wamchere, kulima kwa mbewu izi kuchokera pambewu kumakhala kochulukira, ndipo mtundu wake umawala. Ngati dziko lapansi ndi lochepa, mchenga uyenera kuwonjezeredwamo, ndipo laimu iyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku dothi lac acid musanadzalemo mpesa, ndipo izi ziyenera kuchitika isanayambike nyengo yachisanu.
Malamulo akumalo
Asanadzakulire mphukira wa mbewu konzani mabedi. Chifukwa cha izi, 2 kg ya humus ndi peat amatengedwa pa m2, ndikuwonjezera 100 g la phulusa la nkhuni ndi 1 tbsp. l nitrofoski. Zitatha izi, amakumba mabedi, ndikupanga kupsinjika kwa 25 cm, ndikukhazikika pansi ndikuusekhetsa pang'ono, ndikupanga mitengo yaying'ono. Madzi okwanira ndikuthiramo nthakayo, ndipo 1 cm ndikufesedwa bwino pamwamba pake. Kenako dothi limasunthidwa mosamala ndi dzanja, ndipo mabedi amakutidwa ndi nsalu.
Kuti apange maluwa okongola, mizere iyenera kupangidwa m'njira yoti opanga ma mpala asakhale ndi mthunzi wina ndi mnzake. Chifukwa chake, zibzalidwe ndi masitepe a 40 - 50 cm.
Mutabzala nthangala, mabedi amathiriridwa pamtunda pomwe pamatha masiku awiri kapena atatu. Pa 1 m2 gwiritsani ntchito malita 2 a madzi. Masamba a mabulosi amayamba kutulutsa sabata kapena awiri mutabzala mbewu, izi zimachotsedwa. Kuti mbewu zikhale zolimba, zimayenera kupatulira, kusiya nthawi pakati pawo 10 - 12 cm.
Malipuni a mabulosi amatha kubzala osati pamabedi okha, komanso kuwumbidwa pa khonde. Kubzala zinthu kumatha kumera kwa zaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu.
Chisamaliro
Kuti mukule maluwa okongola komanso okongola, muyenera kuwasamalira. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kutsatira zotsatirazi.
Ntchito feteleza
Kuti akwaniritse maluwa ambiri amtundu wa chimanga, ayenera kuthiridwa feteleza, ndipo izi ziyenera kuchitika isanayambike nyengo yotereyi. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito zinthu monga:
- urea
- nitrofoska.
Tengani iwo 1 tbsp. l ndi kuchepetsedwa mu 10 malita a madzi wamba. Yankho limayamba kuthirira mbewu, ndikugwiritsa ntchito malita 3 mpaka 4 a feteleza pa 1 m2. Kuthira feteleza kumathandizira kuti masamba azikongoletsa masamba. Mankhwala ngati Zircon amathandizira kufulumira kwa maluwa a chimanga. Ndi chida ichi, mbewuyo imapopera mbewu isanayambe kuphukira.
Kuthirira ndi kuwongolera tizilombo
Maluwa okula azithilira madzi, koma izi ziyenera kuchitika pang'ono. Kuchulukitsa chinyezi zimangovulaza mbewu ndipo zimafa. Muyeneranso kumera udzu komanso kumasula dothi nthawi zonse.
Mphero zamtundu umatha kukhudzidwa ndi Fusarium, chifukwa chomwe masamba amdima amawoneka pamasamba ake. Pankhaniyi, njira zamatetezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti, chomera chimagwiridwa ndi maziko a maziko. Komabe, olima dimba ambiri amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosamalira chilengedwe - kuwaza phulusa pa duwa kapena kuthirira ndi kulowetsedwa komwe kumapangidwa manyowa atsopano. Kuti mukonzekere, tengani magawo atatu a mullein ndi madzi omwewo, sakanizani ndikulimbikitsa kwa masiku atatu. Kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa koteroko kumathandizira kuti musangochotsa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, komanso amathandizira kudyetsa mbewu.
Chifukwa chake, tidazindikira kuti mphero zamtchire ndi chomera chosalemera, ndipo kukulira mbewuzo ndizosavuta. Imatha kumera panthaka zovuta popanda kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wowonjezera. Koma chisamaliro chokhacho cha mpendachi ndi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chikhale chokongoletsa chenicheni cha chiwembu chilichonse.
