Munda wamaluwa (Leucojum) ndi woimira banja la Amaryllis. Mitundu iyi imakhala ndi mitundu 10. Mwachilengedwe, mbewu zoterezi zimapezeka ku Turkey, Central Europe, Mediterranean, Iran ndi North Africa. Dzinalo la genus lachi Greek limatanthawuza "white violet." Pali nthano yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi chiyambi cha duwa. Pomwe mulungu wamkazi adayamba kukondana ndi wowombeza wam'mudzi, koma adakana chibwenzi chake mobwerezabwereza. Komabe, iye anali ndi pakati, mochenjera, kuti amkolere iye pamtambo ndikuti abwezere mwanjira iliyonse. Mulungu adakhulupirira kuti wokondedwa, powona dziko lonse lapansi ali pamapazi ake, adzafunadi kukhala ndi iye. Usiku, adaba ndikubisa ng'ombe ya msungwanayo. Atafika kwa iye m'mawa, adamuthandiza. Mulungu anakweza wokondedwa wake pamtambo, chifukwa kuchokera pamenepo amatha kupeza ng'ombe yake mwachangu. Mtsikanayo adakhudzika ndi kukongola komwe kudatsegula maso ake. Iye, akudziyerekeza ngati mulungu wamkazi, adatenga makatoni omwe Mulungu amafunikira kuti athe kuwongolera nyengo, nayamba kugwedeza zomwe zinali mkati mwawo. Chifukwa chake, nkhungu idagwa kuchokera pa bokosi loyamba, mvula ya chilimwe idagwa kuchokera lotsatira. Mu lachitatu panali chipale chofewa ndipo, ndikuseka, mtsikanayo adagwedeza pansi. Nthawi yachisanu yadutsa kale, chifukwa chake Mulungu adakwiya ndi msungwanayo! Mulungu adazipanga kotero kuti kukhudza pansi, chipale chofewa chidasandulika maluwa oyera - maluwa oyera oyera. Ndipo msungwana wachuma uja Mulungu adamtumiza, pomwe anapitilizabe kuweta ng'ombe. Kuyambira pamenepo, kumapeto kwa Meyi, maluwa oyera oyera awonekera. Wamaluwa amalima mitundu iwiri yokha ya mbewuyi.
Zojambula m'munda wamaluwa
Munda wamaluwa uli ndi mababu, okhala ndi masikelo oyera otsekeka, komanso mizu yokhazikika yosatha. Mizu imamwalira patapita nthawi limodzi ndi gawo lakelo lomwe adaphukira. Ma sheet ma linear komanso lamba. Mu mitundu yamasika, mapangidwe ake amapezeka nthawi imodzi ndi maluwa, pomwe mitundu ya yophukira imakula, mbewuyo itaphuka. Pachaka, mapepala awiri kapena atatu pansi amapangidwa m'munda wamaluwa, kumbuyo kwake masamba awiri kapena atatu okhala ndi maziko otsekedwa ndipo imodzi yotseguka imayikidwa. Kuchokera mu mphuno ya tsamba loterolo lomwe muvi wamaluwa umayamba, pomwe pansi pa tsamba, kupangidwe kwa duwa kumapangidwanso. Chipale chofewa chowongoka pang'ono chimatha kuzunguliridwa kapena kupindika konse, nthawi yakucha chipatso, chimatha. Muvi umatha ndi mapiko opingasa a utoto wobiriwira, utoto wampinki kapena maluwa oyera pamiyala yoyera umamera kuchokera pansi pake. Maluwa amatha kukhala pawokha kapena kukhala gawo la ma umbrella ooneka ngati maambulera. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi perianth yotalikirana mwamtunduwu zimaphatikizapo masamba 6, pamwamba pake pali malo amtundu wobiriwira kapena wachikaso. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi lamanyama, mkati mwake mumakhala njere zakuda za oblong kapena zozungulira.
Kubzala dimba lamaluwa poyera
Nthawi yobzala
Akatswiri amalangiza kubzala kwa dimba la maluwa m'nthawi ya matalala, ndipo nthawi ino igwera pa Julayi-Seputembala. Ngati nyengo ndiyotentha kwa nthawi yayitali nthawi yophukira, ndiye kuti chomerachi chingabzalidwe panthaka mpaka masiku oyamba a Novembala. Zinthu zodzala ziyenera kugulidwa mwachisamaliro. Mababu ayenera kukhala olemera komanso owonda, komanso okutidwa ndi zipolopolo zooneka bwino. Komanso, azikhala ndi mizu yochepa, osaphukira. Babu yokhala ndi mizu yayitali kapena yophukira itabzalidwe m'nthaka posachedwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti mababu omwe mwapeza ali okhazikika, popanda kuwonongeka kwamakina. Makamaka ayenera kukhala osakhalako pansi, ndikuyang'ananso zinthu zomwe abzala kuti aziumba. Osagula mababu osweka, owonongedwa, komanso omwe ali ndi chipolopolo chotchinga kapena chovulala. Zikadzachitika kuti m'mawa kwambiri ndibzale mitengo yoyalidwa panthaka, ndiye kuti iyenera kusungidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki lopaka mafuta, momwe ma tchipisi kapena utuchi umathiridwa.
Zowongolera
Pobzala, ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha malo ometa, omwe ali pafupi ndi zitsamba ndi dziwe. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa komanso lopukutira, komanso humusated. Musanayambe, ndikofunikira kukumba dothi pamalowo, ndikupanga mchenga wowuma kapena miyala. Ngati dothi losauka, limabweretsanso dothi, mchenga ndi manyowa owola (sayenera kukhala atsopano). Popeza duwa ili silikulimbikitsidwa kuti libzalidwe panthaka yac acid, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonjezere laimu pang'ono komanso kuti muboole. Kubzala kwa mbewuyi kuyenera kuchitika molingana ndi mapulani ena monga mbewu zina za babu. Kumbukirani kuti mutabzala, makulidwe a dothi omwe ali pamwamba pa babu ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi awiri ma diameter. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti makulidwe amtunduwu sayenera kukhala ochepera kuposa 50 mm. Ngati babuyo yabzalidwa mozama kwambiri, ndiye kuti pang'onopang'ono imayamba kuchuluka. Ndipo pakuyandikira mosakwanira, kubowola kwa mababu kumawonedwa, koma nthawi yomweyo pamakhala kulimbikitsa kwambiri ana. Mababu obzala amafunika madzi okwanira.
Samalirani dimba lamaluwa m'mundamo
Kusamalira duwa loyera liyenera kufanana ndendende ndi mbewu zotsatirazi: hyacinth, muscari kapena blueberries. Chomera ichi chiyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi yake, kudulira, kumasula nthaka, komanso kudya.
Momwe mungamwere ndi kudyetsa
M'masabata oyambilira a kasupe, kuthilira sikofunikira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pambuyo pakusungunuka kwa chivundikiro cha chisanu m'nthaka kwa nthawi yayitali, chinyontho chimasungidwa. Ngati nthawi yozizira inkakhala chipale chofewa chambiri, ndipo kasupeyo amakhala wouma komanso wotentha, ndiye kuti maluwa oterowo amafunika kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse, pomwe madzi amayenera kutulutsidwa ndipo sikuyenera kuzizira, poyesa kupatula madontho kuti asagwere pamaluwa. Pakakhala kusathirira, mmera sufa, koma udzadyeka.
Duwa loyera limadyetsedwa ndi mchere wama mchere, momwe mumayenera kukhala nitrogen. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nayitrogeni amathandizira kukulitsa kukula kwamitundu masamba, koma izi zimawononga maluwa. Mitundu yophika mumvula yamvula ikhoza kubweretsa matenda oyamba ndi chitsamba. Phosphorous imathandizanso kuti maluwa azikhala osalala, ndipo chifukwa cha potaziyamu, mababu athanzi amapangidwa omwe amatha kuzizira bwino.
Kupereka ndi kubereka kwa stamen
Kuyika kapena kufalitsa maluwa pogaŵanitsa zisa ndikofunikira pokhapokha, kuyambira Juni mpaka Seputembala kapena Okutobala. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubwezeretsa tchire kamodzi pazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, apo ayi mababu omwe adakula sangakhale ndi michere yokwanira, ndipo duwa loyera lidzayamba kufooka.
Zisa zokumba ziyenera kugawidwa. Mababu oti ayanikepo amaikidwa m'malo otetezeka, ndiye kuti amayeretsedwa akale, komanso mizu yodwala, mamba owola ndi ovulala. Zowonongeka zonse zamakina ziyenera kuwazidwa ndi phulusa kapena ufa wa malasha, mababu omwe akhudzidwa ndi matendawa, ndipo osayenera kubzala azitayidwa kunja. Kenako, ana amabzalidwa m'malo okonzedweratu, njira yodzalirayo ikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.
Komanso, kufalikira kwa dimba la maluwa kumachitika ndi njira yambewu. Mbewu zatsopano zomwe zatsopano zimayenera kufesedwa mutakolola kapena kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, monga mbewu za Corydalis, amakhalabe ndi mwayi kwa nthawi yochepa. Munthawi yachisanu, mbewu zimatha kudumikizidwa mwachilengedwe, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pakukula kwa mbande. Mbewu zofesedwa m'mabokosi, pomwe dothi losakanizika liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi filimu yapadera yomwe imateteza pakukula kwa udzu. Kupitilira apo, ndikofunikira kuwona kuti kuyanika kwa kusakaniza kwa dothi sikumachitika. Zomera zomwe zimamera pambewu zimayamba kuphuka kwa zaka 7 kapena 8 zokha. Kufalikira kwa chikhalidwe chotere kumatha kuchitika podziyesera nokha, pomwe wolima dimba amatha kuyendetsa njirayi. Kuti muchite izi, mbande zomwe zimawoneka m'malo osafunikira ziyenera kutulutsidwa, ndipo zomwe zimamera m'malo osankhidwa zimasamalidwa bwino.
Zisanu
Munda wamaluwa umalimbana kwambiri ndi chisanu, motero suyenera kuphimbidwa nthawi yozizira. Ngati olosera nyengo amalosera nyengo yozizira komanso yachisanu yambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba malowo ndi duwa loyera ndi lapnik.
Tizilombo ndi matenda a dimba la maluwa
Munda wamaluwa suthana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, komabe nthawi zina umatha kuyamba kukhala ndi mavuto. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda omwe ali pachikhalidwechi ali ofanana ndi chipale chofewa, chomwe chilinso primrose.
Chifukwa chake, ma nematode onenepa kwambiri, aulesi, ma scoops, ndi mbozi zawo, zitha kuvulaza mbewu. Ndipo makoswe monga mbewa ndi mavu amatha kuvulaza. Mukugwa, mutha kutola mbozi zakuda za scoop pamanja, panthawi yomwe amakonzekera kusewera. Ngati angafune, mankhwala ophera tizilombo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwafafaniza.
Nematode ndi nyongolotsi yaying'ono, chifukwa ma chotupa achikasu achikaso amapanga pa masamba. Zikakhala kuti pali nematode pach theba, ndiye kuti ayenera kukumba ndi kuwotcha. Zomera zotsalira ziyenera kuthandizidwa, pomwe musanabzike mababu zimayenera kumizidwa kwa maola angapo m'madzi ofunda (kuchokera 40 mpaka 45 madigiri). Kuti muwabzala, muyenera kusankha malo omwe ali pamalo ena. Kubzala mbewu za babu madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi nematodes sikungachitike kwa zaka 4 kapena 5.
Pansi panthaka anthu amakonda kukhala m'nthaka kapena dothi lolemera. Nthawi yodzala, babu mu dzenje amayenera kuzunguliridwa ndi mchenga wowuma, izi zichotsa tizilombo.
Ndi makoswe, zinthu ndizovuta kwambiri, sizingangovulaza mababu ndi mano, komanso zimakokera mu mavu awo. Mababu owola amatha kuphukira pa mababu odulira, komabe, ndizotheka kumvetsetsa kuti mbewuyo ikudwala, kokha chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa. Zitsamba zoterezi zimayenera kukumbidwa, malo onse ovunda amawadula mababu, pambuyo pake mabala amathandizidwa ndi phulusa lamatabwa ndikusiyidwa kwa maola angapo mu mpweya watsopano kuti uziume. Zitatha izi, mababu atha kubzalidwe m'nthaka. Mbewa amakonda kukhazikika m'matumba a perennials kapena mumayala ndi udzu, motero ayenera kukhala osachepera 300 cm kuchokera kubzala maluwa oyera (monga lamulo, mbewa siziyenda kutali ndi nyumba zawo). Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuyika nyambo zapoizoni m'dera lamalo.
Choopsa chachikulu cha matenda onse pachikhalidwe ichi ndi ma virus, popeza lero sichingavutike kulandira chithandizo. Pakakhala masamba obiriwira kapena achikasu ndi ma tubercles ambiri pamtengowo, komanso kupotoza kwa tsamba, chitsamba chimakumbidwa ndikuwonongeka kuti chisafalikire kuzomera zina.
Mbewu ikadwala ndi fungal matenda monga dzimbiri kapena freyimu, mawonekedwe akuda kapena a bulauni amawoneka pamiyala, ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wofiyira pa mphukira palokha, yomwe imayambitsa tsinde pakapita nthawi. Dulani ndikuwononga madera onse obzala mbewu, ndiye kuti chitsamba ndi dothi pansi pake amaphwanyidwa ndi yankho lokonzekera fungicidal.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya maluwa oyera oyera okhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Zanena kale pamwambapa kuti wamaluwa amangolima mitundu iwiri yokha ya maluwa.
Phulusa lamasika (Leucojum vernum)
Mtunduwu umakonda kumera m'mphepete mwa nkhalango za beech, zomwe zimapezeka ku Central Europe, Carpathians imalowanso pano. Kutalika kwa mbewu yachikale yotereyi ndi pafupifupi mamitala 0,2. Mapepala okhala ndi mapangidwe apamwamba amafika 0,25 m kutalika ndi 12 mm mulifupi. Kutalika kwa mitengo yolondolera pamtunda ndi pafupifupi mamitala 0.3. Maluwa oyera otuwa amatha kukhala amodzi kapena opentedwa, amakhala ndi kununkhira kosangalatsa, ndipo pamwamba pa petals pamakhala zowoneka bwino zamtundu wobiriwira kapena wachikaso. Chomera chimayamba kuphuka mu Epulo, ndipo nthawi yokhala maluwa ake ndi masiku 20-30. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi lamaso la anthu atatu. Wopangidwa kuyambira 1420. Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ndi Carpathicum: Maluwa ndi okulirapo poyerekeza ndi mitundu yayikulu, ndipo pamatalala awo pali masamba achikaso.
Chilimwe chapakatikati (Leucojum a festivalum)
Mwachilengedwe, mtunduwu umatha kupezeka ku Crimea, Asia Minor ndi South Asia, Kumwera ndi Western Europe ndi Western Transcaucasia, pomwe umakonda kumera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje komanso madambo osefukira. Kutalika kwa chomera chamtunduwu ndi pafupifupi 0.4 m, kutalika kwa masamba ndi 0,3 m, ndipo kutalika kwa matenthedwe ndi 0.4 m. Maluwa amayambira kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi. Ma drooping ma ambulera opangidwa ndi ma umbulla amakhala ndi maluwa oyera 3-10. Zomera zimatulutsa kwa masiku 20. Wabzalidwa kuyambira 1588. Mtundu wa Gravestite ndiwodziwika kwambiri: Kusintha kwa dimba kumeneku kunapezeka ndi obereketsa achingelezi, mapesi a maluwa ndi otalika pafupifupi 0.6 m, iwo amakhala ndi maluwa oyera asanu ndi limodzi, okhala ndi mawanga obiriwira pamiyala yawo.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mitundu ya maluwa ngati maluwa oyera otchedwa Mediterranean, onga abweya, atali ndi a Tingitansky, koma asayansi adawapatula mu mtundu wa hotelo, womwe umatchedwa kuti acis. Mwa mitundu yomwe ukufalikira m'dzinja ku Western Europe, yomwe imakonda kubzala kwambiri ndi yoyera ndi yoyera. Kutalika kwa nthawi yophukira ndi pafupifupi masentimita 12, maluwa akutuluka mu Seputembala, pali mawanga obiriwira pamitundu yayikulu ya maluwa oyera. Pakadali pano, mitunduyi imatchedwanso acidis ndipo imagawidwa mosiyanasiyana.
