Banja lalikulu la Konstentsov limaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri ya ma fern omwe ali ndi dzina lodziwika bwino - ma spleniums. Kukula m'malo otentha, komanso nyengo yotentha ya ku Europe ndi Asia, mbewuzi zimatha kukhala moyo wamiyala komanso wamiyala. Pakati pa ampleniums ndi epiphytes.
Monga mbewu zokongoletsera masamba, osati zokulirapo, koma zapamwamba komanso zachilendo zomwe zimabzala. Nthawi yomweyo, kukula bwino kwa fern ndi kukongola kwake zimatengera chisamaliro ndi momwe mbewu zimapangidwira.
Mwachilengedwe, ma fern amakonda kukhazikika m'malo omwe amatetezedwa ndi dzuwa, pamakhala gawo pang'ono komanso chinyezi. Zikuwoneka kuti ngati zofunikira pang'ono m'malo a nyumba, mbewuzi ziyenera kukhala zabwino bwino. Koma nthawi zina amalima maluwa amakumana ndi mavuto akulu angapo.
M'masipuni, masamba amasanduka achikasu ndikufa, fern imasiya kukula kapena mawanga a bulauni amawoneka pama frond ake. Kodi chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa maluwa ndi chiyani, ndi momwe angachitire ndi splenium?
Matenda ambiri a ferns amalumikizidwa ndi kuphwanya komwe ali mndende kapena chisamaliro chosayenera.
Asplenium anasiya kukula: zoyambitsa ndi zothetsera
Ndiye kodi mumasangalatsa bwanji mbewu? Nthawi zambiri pazenera mumatha kupeza mitundu ingapo ya asplenium. Mwa mitundu yayikulu ya rosette yokhala ndi masamba olimba kapena owoneka pang'ono ndi awa:
- asplenium nidus, yemwe amapezeka kuthengo m'malo otentha a dziko lapansi;
- Asipuliamu wakale, amakhalanso pansi pa nthimba ya m'nkhalango yowirira yonyowa;
- Asplenium skolopendrovy, womwe ndi nkhalango yaku Europe ndi America.
Ferns kuchokera ku banja lino ndi zipatso za masamba ena owoneka bwino:
- bulniamu;
- Asplenia viviparous.
Mitundu yamaluwa amkati amatulutsa mitundu ingapo ya ma fern, koma yonseyi imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwunikira, kutentha ndi chinyezi. Mukamasamalira asplenium, pachithunzichi, dziwani kuti mbewu ndizokongola mthunzi ndipo sizilekerera kuwala kowala kwambiri. Kuchita koyamba kwa mphamvu yakuwala dzuwa kukuwala masamba, kenako mbewuyo imayankha chifukwa chosavomerezeka ndi kuwala kwadzuwa ndi mawanga a bulauni pamawaya, pang'onopang'ono kufera ndi kufa.
Kuuma kwa mlengalenga, komwe kumawonekera kwambiri nthawi yachisanu, pomwe zipinda zimatenthedwa, komanso masiku otentha a chilimwe, zimagwiranso ntchito mofatsa. Mphepo youma imapangitsa kuti ma prolenium asiye kukula, masamba ake akale ayamba kufota, ndipo atsopano sawoneka konse.
Ngati woperekayo akukumana ndi zotere, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse mpweya.
Ndipo thandizo labwino pa chisamaliro cha asplenium lidzakhala:
- kuthirira kwa gawo lakumwambalo kwa fern ndi madzi ofunda;
- kugwiritsa ntchito chinyontho cha m'nyumba;
- kuyika mumphika ndi asplenium mu thireyi ndi miyala yofinyira kapena dongo laling'ono.
Malangizo a masamba a asplenium akayamba kuuma, mankhwalawo amakhala ndikuwonjezera chinyezi cha mpweya mpaka 60-65% ndikusintha boma loyothirira. Posachedwa mudzaona kuti kukula kwa fern kuyambiranso, ndipo necrosis sikhala ndi minofu yatsopano yopita.
Mu chipinda chokhala ndi chinyezi chotsika, chomera chimakhala chokwanira pokhapokha ngati kutentha sikukwera pamwamba pa 22 ° C.
M'nthawi yachilimwe, ferns yololera mumthunzi, muyenera kusankha malo omwe kutentha kwakatsiku ndi tsiku kunali pakati pa 18-21 ° C, nthawi yozizira mpweya umatha kukhala wozizira bwino wa 3-5 degrees.
Nthawi yomweyo, nthawi iliyonse pachaka, fern sayenera kuloledwa kukhala ozizira. Kwa masamba otentha ndi a cirrus, kutentha kovuta ndi 10-12 ° C. Kugwera mu makanema ojambula, gululi limaleka kukula, chifukwa chake ndikuti m'mhepo yozizira mizu ya mbewuyo imasiya kuyamwa. Ndi kuyamwa nthawi yayitali ndi chinyezi, fungo lomalizirali limayamba kuwonongeka. Kuwaza masamba pa kutentha kochepa sikupindulitsanso.
Zolakwika pakusamalira, kuthirira ndi kudyetsa asplenium
Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pakukhalitsa kutentha kwa mpweya komanso chinyezi chake, fern amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse, koma osathirira kwambiri.
Mpweya wouma, kuphwanya kwa boma la kutentha ndi kuthilira osayambitsa sizifukwa zokhazo zomwe zimapangitsa masamba pa asplenium kutembenuka kapena kutuwa.
Nthawi zambiri mawanga pamafern fern ndi chisonyezo chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika mavalidwe apamwamba, komanso kuukira kwa tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa kufooka, ndipo nthawi zina kufa kwa fern.
Gawo laling'ono siliyenera kuloledwa kuti liume, koma chinyezi chopanda nthaka sichowopsa. Kutsirira kumaphatikizidwa ndi kuvala kwapamwamba, komwe m'chilimwe kumachitika pambuyo pa masiku 10-14.
Kusiya fern popanda kuthirira, wozesayo amakhala pachiwopsezo kuti, chifukwa cha kusowa chinyezi, masamba a asplenium amatembenuka chikasu ndikufa. Pankhaniyi, musazengereze, chifukwa ngakhale mutataya gawo lonse la mlengalenga, chizungulire chothandiza chilipobe. Ngati njira zoyenera zimatengedwa kuti zithetsenso puloteniyo, fernyo imatha kupulumutsidwa.
Kuchokera pamalowo, masamba onse achikasu kapena zouma amachotsedwa, nthambuyo imasamukira ku dothi latsopano ndipo amayamba kuthirira madzi pang'ono ndikufinya fern. Zoyala zotsalira zamasamba zimadzuka kale mkati mwa masiku 10-15, monga zikuwonekera mwa mawonekedwe a bulauni woyamba, kenako masamba obiriwira pakati pakatikati.
Monga gawo lapansi la asplenium, mutha kutenga:
- dothi lokonzekera ferns, mutatha kuwonjezera pang'ono vermiculite ndi makala pansi,
- dothi la ma orchid ndi epiphytes osakanizika ndi dothi lathanzi labwino komanso vermiculite;
- nyumba zophatikizika ndi peat, nthaka yamasamba ndi humus ndi kuwonjezera kwa zidutswa zamakala, perlite ndi sphagnum wosankhidwa.
Mukamayikirana, ndikofunikira kupenda mosamala mizu ya asplenium, ndipo ngati ikupezeka kuti ndiyouma kapena yowola, onetsetsani kuti mwayichotsa. Ma rhizomes athanzi ndi a brownish, wandiweyani, wokutidwa ndi mamba. Chizindikiro cha matendawa chimatha kuonedwa kuti ndi kufinya kwa minofu yampweya komanso chizungulire chake.
Kuti malo odulidwawo asawola, amathandizidwa ndi sinamoni yapansi, yomwe imakhala ndi zofewa za bactericidal kapena makala amakala.
Matenda a asplenium ndi tizirombo mu chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe
Ferns samakonda kuvutika ndi matenda aliwonse kunyumba, koma kunyalanyaza chisamaliro chofunikira cha asplenium omwe akuwonetsedwa m'chithunzichi, mutha kukumana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso mafangasi.
Matenda ofala kwambiri a asslenium ndi muzu ndi tsinde, zomwe zimatheka ngati malamulo a ulimi wothirira amaphwanyidwa, komanso mabakiteriya a masamba, chifukwa chomwe iwo amataya kuyamwa kwawo ndi mphamvu, kenako nkufa mwachangu.
Kuphwanya chisamaliro chomera kumayambitsa, monga chithunzichi, ku matenda a splenium omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kufalitsa kwa bvuto la mtundu wa Phyllosticta.
Kunja, nthendayo imadziwoneka ngati yopanda mawonekedwe kapena yopanda mawonekedwe, yomwe ikukula msanga pambale za masamba. Choyamba, minofu ya pepalal imapeza tint yachikasu, kenako imasanduka yofiirira ndikufa, ndikusiya mabowo okula pamapale. Chifukwa chake matendawa akuwoneka ngati thonje wooneka ngati chisa, pa korona wamiyala wamitundu ina masamba amasanduka achikaso ndikufa, mwachangu kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo itayike. Mwanjira imeneyi, matendawa amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi chidutswa chakuda kumbuyo kwa tsamba lomwe lakhudzidwalo ndikuwonongeka mwachangu kwa minofu yowuma.
Mutha kuthana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus:
- kudula mbali zonse za mbewuyo;
- kangapo kuchitira korona ndi nthaka ndi fungicide.
Monga prophylaxis yamatenda oterowo, masamba onse owuma amachotsedwa ndikuthilira ndikusamalira asplenium, monga chithunzi.
Masamba akatembenuka, kuyambira pakatikati pa mtsempha, ndikuuma ndi chisamaliro chomera, wokonda kwambiri fern akuyenera kuwononga chiweto ndi tsamba nematode lomwe lidalowa chomera. Tsoka ilo, asplenium yotereyi singathe kuthandizidwa, chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti igawane ndi fern, ndikuthira pansi dothi ndi mphika.
Tizilombo totsalira, pachithunzichi, asplenium, ngati matenda, titha kugonjetsedwa. Mwa tizilombo timene timayambitsa ferns titha kutchedwa tizilombo tambiri, mealybugs ndi fern aphid.
Ngati chomeracho chimakhala chokhala munthaka nthawi zonse, maudzu a bowa ndi mphukira sangathe kupewedwa. Chithandizo cha asplenium ku tizirombo totere chimaphatikizapo kuchiza ndi tizirombo, kuthetsa zomwe zidapangitsa kufooketsa mbewu ndikuyambitsa chisamaliro.
