Okonda nyama zamkati amakonda kukhala ndi duwa pakati pa ziweto zawo. Izi sizimaletsedwa ndi kuzizira kwa mbewu, kuthana ndi tizirombo, zovuta zosamalira. Kuphatikiza pa maluwa okongola a "Mfumukazi ya Maluwa", mahlahla a rose amapanga mawonekedwe apadera a ngodya ya botanical.
Mowoneka bwino kuti chipinda chimodzi chokhazikika chimatha kukongoletsa zenera. Kufalitsa kwa mbewuyi ndi zodulidwa kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe onse amtundu woyambirira ndikugwiritsira ntchito mwayi wina mwanjira zina.
Kodi maluwa ndi omwe amakulitsidwa ndikukula mchipindacho
Maluwa akunyumba ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu ya Miniature nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi tchire lothina, makamaka kubwereza tiyi wokongola kwambiri ndi tiyi wosakanizidwa.
Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu ndi mitundu ya maluwa. Kuti kulima kwa mkati kutenge mbewu zophatikiza, chifukwa mizu ya duwa imafuna dothi lambiri, sakonda zovuta.
Zomera zophika zimatha kukhala mitundu yotsatira ya maluwa akanyumba kapena m'nyumba.
- Rosa Kordana (Rosa Kordana) - kakang'ono kakang'ono, kotsika, kosanunkhira.
- Maluwa ang'onoang'ono.
- Maluwa okwera - ali ndi zimayambira.
- Shrubbery.
Izi ndi zina mwa mitundu yomwe imatha kudulidwa ndikukula pakhomo. Maluwa a tiyi wosakanizidwa sayenera kukakamizidwa kuti akule mu chipinda. Ali pafupi osati zothandiza kudula mchipinda. Momwe mungafalitsire maluwa?
Njira zolerera
Njira zotsatirazi zofotokozera maluwa amenewa zimadziwika:
- mbewu, zomwe ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo mwina sizinachitike;
- kudula kwa maluwa - njira yodziwika ndi yotchuka;
- layering, ngati zimayambira ndizitali, kukwera.
Komanso duwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono, potengera mawonekedwe a mitundu yomwe akufuna. Koma uku si kuswana. Komanso katemera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pochita ulimi.
Kodi kufalitsa maluwa ndi kudula? Mitundu yambiri imatulutsa ndi zodula, koma sizovuta nthawi zonse kuchita. Mwachitsanzo, a Rosa Cordana, zovuta kubereka. Ndipo mitundu yaying'ono imapangidwira zipinda, zamkati, zodula mosavuta.
Njira yakukula mizu m'madzi
Njirayi ndi yoyenera kwambiri maluwa ang'onoang'ono ndi ocheperako. Ndi zodulira zobiriwira, maluwa amakulitsa nthawi zambiri. Awa ndi mphukira zapachaka zomwe zimapereka masamba. Malamulowa akutsatiridwa kuti apange mizu m'madzi.
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ndi kasupe ndi chilimwe, chodziwika ndi nthawi yayitali yakuwala masana. Kenako mbewu zimakula mwachangu ndikupereka masamba.- Amakhulupirira kuti mphukira yoyenera kwambiri pakufalitsa ikuyenera kukhala ndi Mphukira. Koma ngati simukufuna kudzimana ndi maluwa, mutha kuyamba kuzimiririka.
- Mpeni kapena secateurs uyenera kukhala wakuthwa kuti usasiye mphuno pa tsinde monga gwero la matenda.
- Shank iyenera kukhala ndi masamba opitilira awiri, kuchokera pomwe mphukira zatsopano zimakula.
- Kuyambira pansipa, odulidwa amawadula mzere wa oblique, ndipo kuchokera pamwamba - pamzere wolunjika. Kutalika - zosaposa 15 cm.
- Ochita maluwa amaona kuti ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi owiritsa kuti azika mizu, poganiza kuti madzi osaphika ndi osayenera. Mulimonsemo, madziwo ayenera kusiyidwa kwa maola angapo, kuwotha kutentha kwa chipinda.
- Zotengera zakuda, opaque kapena galasi lakuda, ndizoyenera kwambiri pakukula kwa mizu m'madzi.
- Chidebe chilichonse chokhala ndi zinthuzo ziyenera kusaina ngati mitunduyo ndi yosiyana.
- Madzi sasinthidwa, koma amawonjezeredwa pomwe amatuluka.
- Miphika ya maluwa iyenera kukhala pamalo owala, monga pawindo.
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ndi kasupe ndi chilimwe, chodziwika ndi nthawi yayitali yakuwala masana. Kenako mbewu zimakula mwachangu ndikupereka masamba.Mawonekedwe a njira yokulitsa muzu
Malinga ndi lingaliro limodzi, mizu ikaoneka, duwa limayikidwa pansi. Izi zimawonjezera mwayi wopulumuka, ndipo mbewu yomweyo singafowoke.
Olima maluwa ena amaganiza: mawonekedwe a mizu yaying'ono maluwa akuyembekezera mpaka milungu itatu ndikukula mpaka sentimita. Ayenera kudzipatula. Wobzalidwa mum'madzi a 200 ml okhala ndi mabowo kuti azikhetsa madzi.
Ena amaganizira magawo am'mwezi ndipo amatenga mwezi womwe ukukula. Koma kuti muthe kuganizira izi, ndikofunikira kuti mwezi uziwala kudzera pazenera, ndikupatsanso kuwunikira.
Ndiye kuti, mawindo ayenera kumwera, kumbali yakumpoto zilibe kanthu. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyembekezera mwezi "woyenera", mutha kuphonya nthawi yoti mufikire bwino, kufooketsa chomeracho.
Nthawi zambiri, maluwa oyamba kutulutsa duwa sayenera kudikira, mphukira ikuwoneka posachedwa. Koma zimatengera mitundu ndi zinthu zina.
Pambuyo pa maluwa oyamba, mmera umalimbikitsidwa kuziika mumphika wokulirapo. Mizu yake izikhala yolingana ndi pamwamba. Ngati mphukira wautali komanso wofooka waonekera, umadulidwa, ndikusiya ma 36-40 mm pamwamba panthaka.
Mizu yodula
Zida pofalitsa, zodula zimapezeka pofufuza maluwa m'nyumba. Ngati duwa limamera mumsewu, koma lili ndi kukula kochepa, koyenera kulimidwa mkati, nthambi zitha kuchotsedwa.
Koma sikuti dimba lililonse lomwe limadzuka mumphika. Duwa lokwera limaonedwa kuti ndi loyenera kuzika mizu. Koma tiyi wamaluwa a tiyi pafupifupi samapereka zabwino, kupatula zochepa.
Mphukira yabwino kwambiri yozika mizu cholandilidwa masika ndi nthawi yotentha, wokhala ndi masamba kapena masamba. Mphukira zazitali ndizabwino. Chofunika ndicho kupezeka kwa impso. Kudula kutalika - mpaka 12 cm.
Mpeni kapena lumo chodulira ndikofunikira mankhwala mowa kapena potaziyamu permanganate. Timapanga kudula pansi pa impso pansipa komanso pamwamba pa impso pamtunda wa 1 cm kuchokera pamwamba. Masamba omwe alipo amawadula pakati.
Njira yakuzika pansi
Zidula mukangodula zibzalidwe pansi. Pali mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kuzika kwamizu. Pokonzekera "Kornevin" muyenera kuthira pansi kudula kwa chogwirizira. Ndipo kuchokera ku Epina, yankho limapangidwa pomwe magawo amasungidwa mpaka theka la tsiku.
Kudula kumizidwa munthaka 1/3 ndikusunthira dothi. Mwachilengedwe, zitsulo zokhala ndi dothi ziyenera kukonzekereratu musanakolole. Chidebe chilichonse chimakutidwa ndi mtsuko kapena wowonjezera kutentha wamba amapangidwa pansi pa kanema.
Zinyalala mu greenhouse zimayamba pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake, kuthirira sikofunikira tsiku lililonse. Kutentha koyenera kwa dothi - mpaka 25 digiri Celsius.
Maluwa amafunikira kuyatsa kofunikira. Ngati simungathe kuziyika pawindo, chitani masana (maola maola - maola 15). Nthawi yozala mizu mpaka milungu isanu. Masamba akayamba kukula, ndiye kuti mutha kupereka mpweya ku wowonjezera kutentha, ndikuchotsani filimuyo (mtsuko).
Ngati mizu idachitika mu chidebe chimodzi, pang'onopang'ono maluwa atakhala pansi nthawi imodzi. Mtunda pakati pa maluwawo uyenera kukhala pafupifupi 5 cm. Mukayatsidwa ndi kuwala, maluwa sayenera kugwa pansi ndi dzuwa lotentha.
Pomwe mizu yake imakula, kusinthika ndi mtanda waukulu kumachitika kwakukulu. Mu chidebe cha 500 ml, duwa limatha kukhalako mpaka nthawi yamasika yopanda kumuika. Chisamaliro wamba: kutsirira, kutentha.
Mukugwa, amatha kuyimirira pa veranda m'malo abwino. M'nyengo yozizira, mumafunikanso kuwasunga kutali ndi kutentha kwa batri. Tsiku la chisanu likayamba kuchuluka, mbewu zimayankha ndikukula. M'chaka choyamba, simuyenera kuyembekezera maluwa ambiri, chifukwa amayamba pambuyo pake ndi mizu yokwanira.
Zoyambira ndege
Ngati chikhalidwe ndichophatikizika (chamkati) kukula kwake, mitengo yake yayitali yolumikizidwa ndi mitundu ikukwera, ndiye kuti ingafalitsidwe mwa kuyala. Iyi ndi njira yodalirika kwambiri, osati yoopsa ku nthambi yokhazikika.
Zigawo za mpweya zitha kuzika mizu pachomera chilichonse. Ndipo ndizomwe amachita pakudalirika, ngati kudula sikokwanira. Mukamafalitsa mwa kuyala, ndikofunika kuti mutenge nthambi yoyendera maluwa.
Masamba amachotsedwa pansi ndipo kupanga kudula kwakutali chinthu chakudula (lumo kapena mpeni) pa khungwa. Kenako ikani chikwama mumchenga. Malo ozula awa amafunika kuti azinyowa nthawi zonse.
Masabata atatu pambuyo pake kapena m'mbuyomu pa phesi lopangidwa, kuyamba kwa mizu kumayamba kukula. Ndi mdima wa tsinde pamalo omwe adadulidwayo komanso popanda mizu, akuwona kuti kuzika mizu pomata sikunathandize. Ndikofunikira kudula kuwombera pamwamba pa malo owonongeka ndi chomera mu mawonekedwe a phesi.
Mutha kudziwa zambiri za kuzika kwamizu ndi kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano. Zofunika nyowetsani nthaka nthawi zonsekupewa chinyezi chambiri. Kuyanika ndikosavomerezeka. Kukula kwa mphikawo ndikofunikanso.
Nthaka ndi feteleza. Dothi lokonzeka kugulitsidwa mu ma CD a rose, lokhala ndi zinthu zonse zofunika, likugulitsidwa. Muthanso kupanga dothi kuchokera mumchenga wosakanikirana ndi peat.
Mchenga wokhala ndi thunzi ndi gawo labwino dothi lopitiliza kumera. Gawo laling'ono limakonzedwa ndikumatenga dothi lopepuka, ndikuwonjezeranso kuchuluka kwake, kuposa peat, ndi mchenga pang'ono.
Manyowa abwino a maluwa ndi humus. Masamba atsopano akawoneka pa duwa yokhazikika, mutha kupanga feteleza wa mchere ndi organic.
Kukula kwokhala ndi chotengera
Malingaliro a wamaluwa amasiyana. Ena amanenanso kuti potoyo imagwirizana ndi kukula kwa mbewuyo ndipo amakhulupirira kuti zodulidwazo zimafunikira zochepa, osapitirira 200 ml.
Ena amati: duwa limakonda dothi lalikulu ndipo nthawi yomweyo umatha kutenga mphika wokulirapo. Komabe, chidebecho chizikhala chabwino ngalande, kukhetsa mabowo.
Mizu itatenga malo onse mumphika wochepa, duwa liyenera kuthandizidwa mwachindunji ndi dothi lapansi kuti likhale chidebe chachikulu. Ngati mphika ndi wokulirapo, pamakhala chiopsezo chinyezi, kusasunthika kwa chinyezi, kuoneka kwa tizirombo timene timawononga mizu.
Mukazula duwa limodzi mu khonde, mungabzalidwe mbewu zina zomwe ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimakonda nyengo. Ndikothekanso kubzala mitengo ingapo ya maluwa mu bokosi limodzi.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mphepo ndi kusanja ndizowononga pachikhalidwe mukazika mizu. Kutetezedwa ku mphepo, komanso kuteteza chinyontho kwa nthawi yayitali ndikupanga nyengo yofunikira gwiritsani ntchito ma greenhouse. Iyi ndi filimu yapulasitiki yophimba beseni, kapena chokho pachitsamba chilichonse.
Zowopsa ndi Tizilombo
Spider mite mwina ndiyomwe imayambitsa matenda a chomera. Zizindikiro za matenda - masamba achikasu, odera. Nthawi zina duwa lanyumba silingathe kupulumutsidwa. Kuwunika pafupipafupi masamba a mbewu kuchokera kumbuyo, komanso nsonga, ndikofunikira.
Ngakhale mawonekedwe ooneka bwino a chomera chokha amalankhula, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kangaude akapezeka, mwachitsanzo, Fitoverm, sopo wa potashi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Maluwa ocheperako amalimbana ndi matenda, koma nthawi zina amakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew - wovala imvi pazitsamba. Zotsatira za matendawa ndi masamba achikasu. Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizirombo tomwe timatha kupatsira chomera chofewa.
Ndipo izi zimachitika wofooka, chifukwa chodzaza madzi nthaka, zochulukirapo za feteleza. Popewa nkhupakupa, zimalimbikitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi tchire lakuswa.
Chikombole chomwe chawonekera chikuyenera kutsukidwa kuchokera pachomera, komanso kuyeretsa sill yonse ndikuwumauma. Molimbana ndi nkhungu, mumafunikira mpweya wabwino, mpweya wabwino.
Munda womwe udzuwa sukongoletsa chipindacho ndi zenera lake. Mothandizidwa ndi chomera chokongola komanso chopangidwa mwaluso ichi, mutha kukwaniritsa zokongoletsera za malo owunikira mkati.
Ngati muli ndi luso, pangani malo atsopano, muzika maluwa ngakhale maluwa. Popeza kuti muyenera kuyamba ndi duwa limodzi lamkati, pakapita nthawi mutha kupeza minda yonse. Komanso, pali mitundu yaying'ono ya maluwa okongola a m'nyumba.
Kusamalira rose kumaphatikizapo kudulira kwa mphukirakomwe mungayesere njira za mizu. Ngati zodulidwa ndizosiyana, ndiye kuti nthawi zonse muyenera kugawa zigawo ziwiri zodulidwazo ndikuyang'ana momwe mungazizire mizu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zonsezi. Kupatula apo, masinthidwewo amasintha kutengera kutengera ndi zinthu zina.
